Just Mercy (book)

Just Mercy
First edition
AuthorBryan Stevenson
PublisherSpiegel & Grau
Publication date
21 October 2014
Pages336
Awards
ISBN978-0-8129-9452-0
OCLC877914371
353.48092
LC ClassKF373.S743
Websitejustmercy.eji.org
All identifiers refer to the hardcover edition published in 2014 unless otherwise noted

Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (2014) is a memoir by American attorney Bryan Stevenson that documents his career defending disadvantaged clients. The book, focusing on injustices in the United States judicial system, alternates chapters between documenting Stevenson's efforts to overturn the wrongful conviction of Walter McMillian and his work on other cases, including children who receive life sentences, and other poor or marginalized clients.

The memoir has received many honors and won multiple non-fiction book awards. It was a New York Times best seller and spent more than 230 weeks on the paperback nonfiction best sellers list.[5] It won the 2015 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction, given annually by the American Library Association. The book was also awarded the 2015 Dayton Literary Peace Prize for Nonfiction[3] and the 2015 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in Nonfiction.[4] It was named one of "10 of the decade's most influential books" in December 2019 by CNN.[6]

Published in hardcover and digital formats in 2014 by Spiegel & Grau, then an imprint of Penguin Random House, it was released by Random House Audio in audiobook format read by Stevenson. It has also been published in paperback. A young adult adaptation was published by Delacorte Press on 18 September 2018. The memoir was adapted as a 2019 movie of the same name by Destin Daniel Cretton. To commemorate the film, "Movie Tie-In" editions were released for both versions of the memoir on 3 December 2019 by imprints of Penguin Random House.

Background

Stevenson in 2012
Stevenson in 2012

Stevenson, a lawyer and the founder of the Equal Justice Initiative,[7] graduated from Harvard Law School. He was inspired to become a lawyer in part by his grandfather's murder, which occurred when he was sixteen.[8] He earned his undergraduate degree from Eastern University, known as Eastern College at the time, and began his career as a lawyer for the poor in Georgia before moving to Alabama and founding the Equal Justice Initiative.[9]

Stevenson pitched the idea for the memoir to Chris Jackson of Spiegel & Grau based on a TED talk he had given, and was signed immediately.[10] The title was chosen to help convey the book's message that justice and mercy are not mutually exclusive.[11] Stevenson features his work on appeals for Walter McMillian, who is featured in the book. This case was explored during a 1992 60 Minutes episode,[12] and in the book Circumstantial Evidence: Death, Life, and Justice in a Southern Town (1995)[13] by journalist Pete Earley.[9]

Overview

The book is a memoir about Stevenson's career as a lawyer and his work for poor clients, largely focusing on his efforts to overturn the wrongful conviction of Walter McMillian for the murder of Ronda Morrison.[9][8] Stevenson began working on the case in the 1980s, while McMillian was on death row.[9] The case is revisited throughout the book and serves as the primary narrative;[8] the chapters of the book alternate between visiting various aspects of the McMillian case over time (odd chapters) and Stevenson's work on other cases (even chapters).[14][15]

Based largely on testimony from a police informant, McMillian was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of Ronda Morrison, a young white woman, in Monroeville, Alabama (the hometown of writers Harper Lee, who wrote To Kill a Mockingbird, and Truman Capote).[9] The jury at McMillian's trial, which included only one Black person,[16] returned a sentence of life in prison. The presiding judge overruled them and imposed a death sentence in the case.[9] In 1993 McMillian was acquitted when all charges were dropped, after he had spent six years on death row for the murder, including more than a year before his trial.[14]

The book also provides a brief history of the Equal Justice Initiative.[16] Stevenson concentrates on the injustices that occur in the United States' criminal justice system, which had the world's highest incarceration rate and population at the time of publication.[17] Stevenson recounts his first meeting with a death-row inmate in 1983, when he was a law student and intern in Georgia for the Southern Prisoners Defense Committee. (Now the Southern Center for Human Rights, based in Atlanta).[8] Stevenson explores the path of his career over thirty years, and the book ends in 2013, with the natural death of McMillian.[14]

Stevenson documents his work for other marginalized clients, including efforts to overturn and ban mandatory life sentences without parole given to defendants convicted of crimes committed as juveniles.[16] Among other high profile cases, Stevenson worked in Miller v. Alabama, in which he successfully argued before the Supreme Court of the United States in 2012 that mandatory life sentences without parole for minors, even in cases of murder, were a violation of the Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting "cruel and unusual punishment".[11] The memoir also describes cases of abuse of power by police, judges and prosecutors in the criminal justice system.[18]

Reception

The book was widely reviewed and praised by journalists and leading figures in social justice and culture. As of summer 2016, the book had been adopted by more than twenty colleges and universities as "college-level reading" assigned to incoming freshmen.[19]

In 2020 Oprah Winfrey wrote: "When I wanted to deepen my understanding of mass incarceration and social justice, I was guided by Bryan Stevenson's masterful Just Mercy".[20] Attorney and writer John Grisham said that the book is an "inspiring and powerful story".[21] Nobel Peace Prize laureate Desmond Tutu wrote the book "is as gripping as it is disturbing—as if America's soul has been put on trial."[22] Tutu also wrote that the book

"should be read by people of conscience in every civilized country in the world to discover what happens when revenge and retribution replace justice and mercy. It is as gripping to read as any legal thriller, and what hangs in the balance is nothing less than the soul of a great nation."[23]

Tutu has referred to Stevenson as "America's Nelson Mandela".[24]

Critic A. O. Scott wrote that it "is a painful, beautiful, revelatory book, the kind of reading experience that can permanently alter your understanding of the world."[25] Nicholas Kristof praised the book as a "searing, moving and infuriating memoir".[26] After reading the book Jonathan Lavine, an executive for Bain Capital, donated one million US dollars to the Equal Justice Initiative, saying "I was beside myself."[27]

Reviews

According to Book Marks, the book received "rave" reviews based on six critic reviews, with three being "rave" and three "positive".[28]

Among others, the book was reviewed by Alan W. Clarke,[29] David D. Cole,[30] Ted Conover,[9][31] and Rob Warden.[32] In his review, Alan Clarke wrote: "One follows in awe as Stevenson overcomes one obstacle after another".[29] David Cole wrote in a second review of the book: "Every bit as moving as To Kill a Mockingbird, and in some way more so".[30] In his review, Ted Conover wrote that the memoir "aggregates and personalizes the struggle against injustice in the story of one activist lawyer" and that "[y]ou don't have to read too long to start cheering for this man".[9] Conover summarized the book's message as "evil can be overcome, a difference can be made".[9] In his review, Rob Warden wrote that the book "is an easy read" and is "a work of style, substance and clarity".[32]

The Financial Times said the book is "[a]s deeply moving, poignant and powerful a book as has been, and maybe ever can be, written about the death penalty."[33] Kirkus Reviews described it as "Emotionally profound, necessary reading."[34]

Awards and honors

It was named as one of the best nonfiction books of 2014 by many different publications. It won several awards, including the 2015 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction, given annually by the American Library Association.[2] Stevenson's acceptance speech for the award was said to be the best many of the librarians at the conference had ever heard; it was published in Publishers Weekly.[35][36] The journal included a version of the article at the end of the year in a story titled "PW's Top 10 Library Stories of 2015".[37]

The book was awarded the 2015 Dayton Literary Peace Prize for Nonfiction,[3] and the 2015 NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Literary Work in Nonfiction.[4] The book was also a finalist for the 2014 Kirkus Prize for Nonfiction,[38] a finalist for the 2015 Los Angeles Times Book Prize,[39], and was nominated for the 2015 Warwick Prize for Writing.[40]

Year Award Category Result Ref(s)
2014 Carla Furstenberg Cohen Literary Prize Nonfiction Won [41]
Kirkus Prize Nonfiction Nominated (Finalist) [38][34]
2015 Andrew Carnegie Medals for Excellence in Fiction and Nonfiction Nonfiction Won [2]
Warwick Prize for Writing Non-fiction Nominated (Longlist) [40]
Los Angeles Times Book Prize Current Interest Nominated (Finalist) [39]
Dayton Literary Peace Prize Non-Fiction Won [3]
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Literary Work – Nonfiction Won [4]
2017 The Stowe Prize for Writing to Advance Social Justice N/A Won [42]

Best books lists

It was ranked as among the top nonfiction books of 2014 by The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, The Seattle Times, and Time.

It retained high standing: in 2018 book was listed as one of the "Top 10 books about miscarriages of justice" by The Guardian.[43] In December 2019, CNN included it in a list of the decade's '10 most influential books', noting that it "is a compelling portrait of a lawyer dedicated to exposing the inequities of the US criminal justice system" and that "Stevenson masterfully connects his own fight with the struggles of McMillian and a few of his other former clients and personalizes the nation's raging debate on racial injustice and criminal justice reform."[6]

Reading lists

  • Included in "An Anti-Racist Nonfiction Reading List" by Publishers Weekly in June 2020.[50]
  • Included in "20 Books For 2020: A Reading List On Race In America" by Forbes in June 2020[51]
  • Oprah Winfrey included the book in an article on "books that changed her life" in early 2020.[20]
  • Former President Barack Obama included the book in his 2019 Black History Month reading list, prepared for celebration of the fifth anniversary of his "My Brother's Keeper" initiative.[52]

Adaptations

Movie

Main article: Just Mercy

The book was adapted into a feature-length film of the same name (2019). The screenplay was written by Destin Daniel Cretton and Andrew Lanham.[25] Directed by Cretton, the movie stars Michael B. Jordan as Stevenson and Jamie Foxx as McMillian.[53][25] Other actors include Rob Morgan, Tim Blake Nelson, Rafe Spall, O'Shea Jackson Jr., and Brie Larson.[25] The Los Angeles Times ranked it among the "Best of 2019: 8 of the most memorable book-to-film releases".[54]

Young adult book

Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice is an adaption of the book aimed towards young adults that was published by Delacorte Press on 18 September 2018. The book debuted as the Publishers Weekly number one young adult best seller in September 2019.[55] The book made the New York Times Best Sellers Young Adult Paperback list in January 2020.[56] Among other honors, it shared the 2019 Flora Stieglitz Straus Award with Dreamers by Yuyi Morales, an award given each year by the Children's Book Committee of the Bank Street College of Education for an outstanding work in children's nonfiction.[57] Kirkus Reviews posted an article on the book saying it "is required reading, embracing the ideals that 'we all need mercy, we all need justice, and—perhaps—we all need some measure of unmerited grace.'"[58] The book has also been included in reading lists by various publications,[59][60][61] such as USA Today who named it as one of "17 kids books to read for Black History Month".[62]

On August 7th 2023 the book was banned for "Teaching About Controversial Issues" " by Yorkville, Illinois Community School District 115 Board of Education, after a closed door meeting. On Dec 27th 2023 Deputy Illinois Attorney General Brent Stratton ruled the meeting illegal under the State of Illinois Open Meetings Act (OMA).[63]

Publication history

Sales

The book was a New York Times best seller, peaking at the number one spot in combined nonfiction sales on 2 February 2020,[64] it has spent over 35 weeks on the combined nonfiction best sellers list,[65] and it has spent over 230 weeks on the paperback nonfiction best sellers list.[5] It is also a USA Today Best-Selling Book, having spent over 30 weeks on their overall list[66] and peaking at number six for the week ending on 22 August 2020.[67] After being promoted by Starbucks in late 2015, the book made number eight on the Publishers Weekly Best Sellers list for the week of 7 September 2015, selling over twenty-five thousand copies that week.[36] The book was simultaneously included on their "Trade Paperback" list at number two,[68] after debuting on the list the week before at number twelve with four thousand copies sold.[36] The magazine published an article noting that, while it had sold fifty-four thousand print editions of the book since its release in 2014, the sales had been slow and steady so that it had not previously made it on any of the lists.[36] After sales slowed down following the 2015 Holiday season, the book reappeared on the Trade Paperback list at number 18 on 25 July 2016.[69]

The book made several bestsellers lists in 2020, including peaking at number one on the Los Angeles Times Nonfiction Best Sellers List on 23 February 2020.[70] Upon the release of the "Movie Tie-In Edition", the audiobook made Publishers Weekly's list of "Apple Books Category Bestsellers" at number three on the week of 8 March 2020.[71] The book, along with several others, reentered the USA Today Best-Selling list in the wake of the murder of George Floyd in late May 2020, when several related popular titles sold out in stores like Amazon and Barnes & Noble as there was a large surge in demand for books on racial justice.[72] Publishers Weekly reported that the book had sold nearly 14,000 copies over the week ending on 30 May 2020, while it had only sold 5000 copies the week before.[73] The book remained a top 50 seller for the month of June, having sold over 168 thousand copies from January through June 2020.[74] Forbes noted that, since the start of the George Floyd protests, sales of anti-racism books, including Just Mercy, jumped by over 2000%, with the book selling over 100 thousand copies between May and June 2020 alone.[75] As of 15 December 2020, the book remains on The Washington Post's nonfiction paperback best sellers list,[76] having peaked at number one on the list on 12 February 2020.[77]

Original version

  • Hardcover: Stevenson, Bryan (21 October 2014). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (1st ed.). New York: Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 978-0-8129-9452-0. OCLC 877914371.
  • Paperback: Stevenson, Bryan (18 August 2015). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (1st ed.). New York: One World. ISBN 978-0-812-98496-5. OCLC 877914371.
  • Digital: Stevenson, Bryan (21 October 2014). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (1st ed.). New York: Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 978-0-8129-9453-7. OCLC 877914371.
  • CD: Stevenson, Bryan (21 October 2014). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (1st ed.). New York: Random House Audio. ISBN 978-0-553-55060-3. OCLC 875246893.
  • Audiobook: Stevenson, Bryan (21 October 2014). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (1st ed.). New York: Random House Audio. ISBN 978-0-553-55061-0. OCLC 875246893.

Young adult version

  • Paperback: Stevenson, Bryan (10 September 2019). Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (1st ed.). New York: Ember Publishing. ISBN 978-0-525-58006-5. OCLC 1020311553.
  • Hardcover: Stevenson, Bryan (18 September 2018). Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (1st ed.). New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-0-525-58003-4. OCLC 1020311553.
  • Hardcover: Stevenson, Bryan (24 June 2020). Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (Large print ed.). Waterville, Maine: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-1-4328-7863-4. OCLC 1159241103.
  • Digital: Stevenson, Bryan (1 September 2018). Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (1st ed.). New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 978-0-525-58005-8. OCLC 1020311553.
  • Audiobook: Stevenson, Bryan (18 September 2018), Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (1st ed.), New York: Listening Library, ISBN 978-0-525-63592-5, OCLC 1041858523
  • CD: Stevenson, Bryan (18 September 2018), Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (1st ed.), New York: Listening Library, ISBN 978-0-525-63592-5, OCLC 1041858523

Movie Tie-In Edition

  • Paperback: Stevenson, Bryan (3 December 2019). Just Mercy: A Story of Justice and Redemption (Movie Tie-In ed.). New York: One World. ISBN 978-0-593-13393-4. OCLC 1128270554.
  • Paperback: Stevenson, Bryan (3 December 2019). Just Mercy: Adapted for Young Adults: A True Story of the Fight for Justice (Movie Tie-In ed.). New York: Ember Publishing. ISBN 978-0-593-17704-4. OCLC 1020311553.

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c Albanese, Andrew (27 June 2015). "ALA 2015: Doerr, Stevenson Win Carnegie Medals". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d "2015 – Dayton Literary Peace Prize". Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  4. ^ a b c d Dalton, Andrew (22 February 2020). "Lizzo, 'Just Mercy' win top honors at NAACP Image Awards". AP News. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Paperback Nonfiction Books – Best Sellers". The New York Times. 27 December 2020. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  6. ^ a b Wolfe, Elizabeth; Griggs, Brandon (30 December 2019). "Here are 10 of the decade's most influential books". CNN. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  7. ^ Egan, Elisabeth (23 January 2020). "Before Michael B. Jordan Played Him in 'Just Mercy,' Bryan Stevenson Was a Kid Who Loved to Read". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  8. ^ a b c d Weinberg, Steve (9 December 2014). "Review: 'Just Mercy,' by Bryan Stevenson". Star Tribune. ISSN 0895-2825. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Conover, Ted (17 October 2014). "'Just Mercy,' by Bryan Stevenson (Published 2014)". The New York Times Book Review. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  10. ^ Patrick, Diane (27 November 2015). "Chris Jackson: Acquiring Nonfiction on Race and Justice". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  11. ^ a b Berry, William W. (10 March 2016). "Implementing Just Mercy". Texas Law Review. 94 (2): 331–333. ISSN 0040-4411. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
  12. ^ Farmer, Brit McCandless (9 January 2020). "From the 60 Minutes archives: The true story behind "Just Mercy"". CBS News. Retrieved 18 December 2020.
  13. ^ Earley, Pete (1995). Circumstantial evidence : death, life, and justice in a southern town. New York: Bantam Books. ISBN 0-553-09501-3. OCLC 32201666.
  14. ^ a b c Sung, Tae (2016). "Our Shared Brokenness". Books & Culture. ISSN 1082-8931. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  15. ^ Bush, Vanessa (15 October 2014). "Just Mercy, by Bryan Stevenson". Booklist. ISSN 0006-7385. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  16. ^ a b c Bookman, Marc (13 December 2014). "A plea for justice tempered by mercy". The Philadelphia Inquirer. ISSN 2165-1728. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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  21. ^ Mitchell, Jerry (17 December 2014). "Renowned lawyer Bryan Stevenson signing books today". The Clarion-Ledger. ISSN 0744-9526. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  22. ^ Tutu, Desmond (17 April 2015). "Why Desmond Tutu Thinks Bryan Stevenson Is "Shaping the Moral Universe"". Vanity Fair. ISSN 0733-8899. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  23. ^ "2017–2018: Just Mercy by Bryan Stevenson". Williams Reads. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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  25. ^ a b c d Scott, A. O. (24 December 2019). "'Just Mercy' Review: Echoes of Jim Crow on Alabama's Death Row". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  26. ^ Kristof, Nicholas (11 October 2014). "When Whites Just Don't Get It, Part 3". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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  35. ^ Albanese, Andrew (23 July 2015). "Is This the Greatest Book Award Acceptance Speech Ever?". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  36. ^ a b c d Juris, Carolyn (4 September 2015). "This Week's Bestsellers: 7 September 2015". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
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  38. ^ a b Schaub, Michael (30 September 2014). "Kirkus announces finalists for its first book prizes, each $50,000". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 2165-1736. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  39. ^ a b Kellogg, Carolyn (4 March 2015). "T.C. Boyle, LeVar Burton lead L.A. Times Book Prizes". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 2165-1736. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  40. ^ a b "Warwick Prize for Writing 2015 Longlist Announced". warwick.ac.uk. 19 June 2015. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  41. ^ "2014 Carla Furstenberg Cohen Literary Prize Winners". Publishers Weekly. 13 February 2015. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  42. ^ Dunne, Susan (20 February 2018). "Author Matthew Desmond Awarded Stowe Prize For Social Justice Writing". Chicago Tribune. ISSN 1085-6706. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  43. ^ Dahl, Julia (11 April 2018). "Top 10 books about miscarriages of justice". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  44. ^ D'Addario, Daniel (2 December 2014). "Top 10 Nonfiction Books". Time. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  45. ^ "The 5 Most Important Books of 2014". Esquire. 22 December 2014. ISSN 0194-9535. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  46. ^ "100 Notable Books of 2014 (Published 2014)". The New York Times Book Review. 2 December 2014. ISSN 0028-7806. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  47. ^ "50 notable works of nonfiction". Washington Post. 20 November 2014. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  48. ^ Reynolds, David (12 December 2014). "Best nonfiction of 2014". Boston Globe. ISSN 0743-1791. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  49. ^ Gwinn, Mary Ann (14 December 2014). "Best books of 2014: The Seattle Times lists its top 35 titles". Seattle Times. ISSN 0745-9696. Retrieved 16 December 2020.
  50. ^ "An Anti-Racist Nonfiction Reading List". Publishers Weekly. 3 June 2020. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  51. ^ Westaway, Kyle (4 June 2020). "20 Books For 2020: A Reading List On Race In America". Forbes. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  52. ^ Obama, Barack (18 February 2018). "President Obama Marks Five-Year Anniversary of My Brother's Keeper with Reading List". Obama Foundation. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  53. ^ Lee, Ashley (7 September 2019). "Michael B. Jordan says Bryan Stevenson is the 'real-life superhero' of 'Just Mercy'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 2165-1736. Retrieved 19 December 2020.
  54. ^ Barton, Chris (11 December 2019). "Best of 2019: 8 of the most memorable book-to-film releases". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 2165-1736. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
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  57. ^ Burnett, Matia (9 April 2019). "Honoring Storytellers: The Children's Book Committee Awards at Bank Street". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 22 December 2020.
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  70. ^ "Just Mercy: Bestsellers". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 2165-1736. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  71. ^ "Apple Books Category Bestsellers, 8 March 2020". Publishers Weekly. 13 March 2020. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 17 December 2020.
  72. ^ Cadden, Mary (4 June 2020). "Books about race flying off shelves, climbing best-seller lists following the death of George Floyd, protests". USA Today. ISSN 0734-7456. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
  73. ^ Milliot, Jim (11 June 2020). "Race, Social Justice Titles Sparked Rise in Sales Last Week". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  74. ^ Milliot, Jim (26 June 2020). "Print Sales Enjoy an Unexpected High". Publishers Weekly. ISSN 0000-0019. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
  75. ^ McEvoy, Jemima (22 July 2020). "Sales Of 'White Fragility'—And Other Anti-Racism Books—Jumped Over 2000% After Protests Began". Forbes. ISSN 0015-6914. Retrieved 24 December 2020.
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هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (يوليو 2019) تيم كرابتري معلومات شخصية الميلاد 13 أكتوبر 1969 (54 سنة)  جاكسون، ميشيغان  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المدرسة الأم جامعة ولاية ميشيغان  ال

'39

«'39» Canción de Queendel álbum A Night at the OperaLado A «You're My Best Friend»Publicación 21 de noviembre de 1975Grabación agosto–noviembre de 1975Género(s) Progressive rock[1]​ pop rock[2]​ folk[3]​ country[4]​ skiffle[5]​ Duración 3:30Discográfica EMI ElektraAutor(es) Brian MayProductor(es) Roy Thomas Baker QueenCronología del álbum A Night at the Opera «You're My Best Friend» (4) «'39» (5) «Sweet Lady» (6) [editar datos en Wikidat...

 

Eiswein

Gefrorene Trauben auf der Niagara-Halbinsel. Die Netze schützen vor Vogelfraß. Eiswein bezeichnet einen Wein, der aus gefrorenen Trauben hergestellt wird. Dazu werden die Trauben bis in den Hochwinter am Rebstock belassen, wodurch der Ertrag sinkt. Zusätzlich besteht das Risiko, die ganze Ernte zu verlieren. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Bedeutung 2 Geschichte 3 Herstellung 4 Qualität 5 Jahrgang 6 Rechtliches 7 Literatur 8 Weblinks 9 Einzelnachweise Bedeutung Eiswein ist auch ein Prädikat nach de...

 

Liste der Dortmunder Stadtteile

Stadtbezirke und -teile Diese Liste führt die Dortmunder Stadtteile auf. Die Liste ist nach Stadtbezirken geordnet und enthält sämtliche statistische Bezirke und Unterbezirke. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Erläuterung 2 Übersicht 3 Stadtbezirke 3.1 Innenstadt-West 3.2 Innenstadt-Nord 3.3 Innenstadt-Ost 3.4 Eving 3.5 Scharnhorst 3.6 Brackel 3.7 Aplerbeck 3.8 Hörde 3.9 Hombruch 3.10 Lütgendortmund 3.11 Huckarde 3.12 Mengede 4 Einzelnachweise 5 Weblinks Erläuterung Die Stadt Dortmund gliedert sic...

Clément Janequin

Clément Janequin (Châtellerault, omstreeks 1485 - Parijs, 1558) was een Franse componist uit de Renaissance. Leven Over Janequins jeugd is niets bekend. Vanaf 1505 was hij in Bordeaux en werkte hij eerst als klerk in dienst van Lancelot du Fau. Na diens dood kwam hij in dienst van de bisschop van Bordeaux. Inmiddels was hij tot priester gewijd. In 1534 werd hij kapelmeester van de kathedraal van Angers en in 1549 kwam hij naar Parijs en werkte er in dienst van Hertog Jean de Guise. Vanaf 15...

 

Spencer (condado de Worcester)

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Palaiologen

Palaiologina und Palaiologos sind Weiterleitungen auf diesen Artikel. Zu Personen mit diesen Namen siehe Palaiologos (Familienname). Der kaiserlich-byzantinische Doppeladler der Palaiologen Banner der byzantinischen Kaiser (Palaiologen) mit dem Tetragrammkreuz Die Palaiologen (griechisch Παλαιολόγος Palaiológos, Plural Παλαιολόγοι Palaiológoi, mittelgriechische Aussprache Paleológos/Paleológi) waren die letzte Kaiserdynastie des Byzantinischen Reichs. Sie regierten d...

Lamidorcadion annulipes

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كارل فريدريك ليسينج

كارل فريدريك ليسينج   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 15 فبراير 1808[1][2][3][4][5][6]  فروتسواف  الوفاة 4 يناير 1880 (71 سنة) [7][6]  كارلسروه[8]  مواطنة مملكة بروسيا  الأولاد أوتو ليسينج  إخوة وأخوات كريستيان فريدريش ليسنغ  الحياة العملية ال...

 

Medulla (korstmos)

Pseudoparenchym bij korstmossen. Doorsnede van een heteromeer thallus: a. bovencortex; b. algenlaag (fotobiontzone); c. merg (medulla); d. ondercortex; e. aanhangsels De medulla is een horizontale laag binnen de thallus van een korstmos. Het is een losjes gerangschikte laag van ineengestrengelde hyfen onder de bovenste cortex en fotobiontzone, maar boven de onderste cortex.[1] De medulla heeft over het algemeen een donzig uiterlijk. Het is de breedste laag van een heteromeer thallus v...

Mona Lisa and the Blood Moon

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Tranvía de Panamá

Rieles del tranvía de Panamá en la Avenida Central, frente al parque de Santa Ana. En la actualidad, no tienen ningún uso. El tranvía de Panamá fue un sistema de tranvía eléctrico que existió en la ciudad de Panamá desde 1893 hasta finales del siglo XIX y luego desde 1913 hasta 1941.[1]​ Fue creado como un sistema de apoyo para el transporte de pasajeros en la ciudad, complementándose con el ferrocarril de Panamá que conecta las ciudades de Panamá y Colón desde 1855 [1...

 

Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional (Guatemala)

Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional Movimiento de Liberación NacionalPresiden (terakhir)Fernando Romeo Lucas GarcíaPendiriCarlos Castillo ArmasDibentuk1954 (1954)Dibubarkan1999 (1999)Kantor pusatKota GuatemalaSayap pemudaJuventud MLNSayap paramiliterMano BlancaIdeologiAgrarianismeKonservatismeLiberalism ekonomiPosisi politikSayap kananAfiliasi internasionalLiga Dunia untuk Kebebasan dan DemokrasiWarna      Biru, putih, merahBendera Gerakan Pembebasan Nasional (Spanyol&...

Viaduc de Laval

Viaduc de Laval Le viaduc sur la Mayenne Géographie Pays France Région Pays de la Loire Département Mayenne Commune Laval Coordonnées géographiques 48° 04′ 36″ N, 0° 46′ 13″ O Fonction Franchit la Mayenne Fonction Ferroviaire Caractéristiques techniques Type Viaduc en maçonnerie Longueur 180 m Hauteur 25 m Matériau(x) Pierre Construction Construction 1854-1856 Architecte(s) Eugène Caillaux et Hunebelle Géolocalisation sur la carte...

 

St Neots Rural District

Former rural district in England Position within Huntingdonshire 52°16′N 0°16′W / 52.26°N 0.26°W / 52.26; -0.26 St Neots was a rural district in Huntingdonshire, England from 1894 to 1974, around the northern and eastern sides of the urban area of St Neots. The district had its origins in the St Neots Rural Sanitary District. This had been created under the Public Health Acts of 1872 and 1875, giving public health and local government responsibilities for rural...

 

حصن الوطيح

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Canals of Amsterdam

Grachten dug in the 17th century during the Dutch Golden Age; UNESCO World Heritage Site Seventeenth-Century Canal Ring Area of Amsterdam inside the SingelgrachtUNESCO World Heritage SiteAerial view of the Canals of AmsterdamLocationAmsterdam, North Holland, NetherlandsCriteriaCultural: (i)(ii)(iv)Reference1349Inscription2010 (34th Session)Area198.2 ha (490 acres)Buffer zone481.7 ha (1,190 acres)Coordinates52°21′54″N 4°53′16″E / 52.36500°N 4.8877...

 

Perumpamaan bendahara yang tidak jujur

Bagian dari seri tentang Pandangan Kristen Kristus Kristologi Nama dan Gelar Riwayat Hidup Injil Keselarasan Injil Petilasan Beribunda Perawan Kelahiran Pembaptisan Karya Pelayanan Khotbah di Bukit Mukjizat Perumpamaan Penistaan Penyaliban Penguburan Kebangkitan Kenaikan Ketaatan Bersemayam di Surga Perantaraan Kedatangan Ke-2 Relikui Isa (Pandangan Islam) Almasih Injil Maryam Hawariyun Wafat Almahdi Hari Kiamat Pusara Latar Belakang Latar Belakang Perjanjian Baru Bahasa Tutur Yesus Ras Yesus...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!