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Journey Under the Midnight Sun
Author	Keigo Higashino
Original title	Byakuyakō; 白夜行
Translator	Alexander O. Smith
Language	Japanese
Genre	Social mystery, Thriller
Publisher	Shueisha (Japanese); Little, Brown (English)
Publication date	1999
Publication place	Japan
Published in English	2015
Media type	Print, e-book
ISBN	978-4087744002

Journey Under the Midnight Sun (白夜行, Byakuyakō) (also published in English as Under the Midnight Sun)^[1] is a mystery novel written by Keigo Higashino, first serialized in the monthly novel magazine Subaru from Shueisha from January 1997 to January 1999.^[2] The entire volume was published in August 1999 and became a bestseller.

During the serialization, the novel was at first written as a series of short stories representing chronological snapshots of the overall plot line. Higashino modified its structure to make it a single coherent story before publishing it as a single volume.^[3] As of November 2005 the book had sold 550,000 copies. However, its sales quickly picked up after the first episode of the adapted TV series was aired. By January 2006 its sales had broken a million. Its sales exceeded 2 million in December 2010.

The novel attracted adaptations, including a stage drama in 2005, a Japanese TV series in 2006, a Korean motion picture in 2009, and a Japanese motion picture in 2010.

Synopsis

In order to protect his first love, Yukiho (Ayase Haruka), the young boy Ryoji (Yamada Takayuki) accidentally killed his father; and in order to protect Ryoji from being exposed, Yukiho also killed his mother who knew the truth and put the blame on her. The legal investigation period for this case is 15 years. In order to escape legal sanctions, the 11-year-old Ryoji and Yukiho made a promise that they would live like strangers for the next 15 years. Even if they would never meet in the future, even if they could no longer hold each other's hands, they would part today in order to move towards a new life. The boy who dedicated everything to love and the girl who responded with her life, two "cruel, lonely, pure" souls, depicted the "pure love" that lasted for fourteen years. They only hope to walk slowly hand in hand in the sun.^[4]

Novel summary

The story begins in 1973, with the death of an Osakan pawnbroker, Yosuke Kirihara, under strange circumstances. The investigation, headed by officer Junzo Sasagaki, gradually uncovers Fumiyo Nishimoto, a mother struggling to make ends meet and one of his customers, and her boyfriend Tadao Terasaki, as prime suspects. However, the Osakan police are unable to definitely prove their involvement, and both are eventually found dead; Fumiyo dies in an accidental gas leak in her house, and Terasaki dies in a traffic accident. The story primarily concerns itself with the effects of this incident on two people: Ryoji Kirihara, the pawnbroker's son, and Yukiho Nishimoto, Fumiyo's daughter. The novel avoids directly revealing the two's thoughts to the reader, instead preferring to reveal information second-hand through the viewpoints of multiple other supporting characters whose lives intersect to form a complete picture of the story's events.

Ryoji ends up growing into a moody, sullen and cynical youth who gets involved in a number of shady dealings, such as housewife prostitution rings, computer game bootlegging, hacking corporate programs, and wiretapping. He is shown to be resourceful and intelligent, easily manipulating people into doing what he wants. The novel strongly suggests that he commits multiple murders, including Isamu Matsuura, a former employee of his father's shop who he assists in a videogame bootlegging scheme. These murders force him to assume fake names and run from the police.

Yukiho is adopted by a relative of her father's (changing her last name from Nishimoto to Karasawa) and matures into a beautiful upper-class woman, attracting the attention of multiple men and achieving success in different fields, such as stock trading and opening up a successful clothing store chain. However, many people connected to her suffer from incredible misfortunes, and several characters in the narrative note that there is a hidden dark side to Yukiho hidden beneath the surface.

Throughout the story, Sasagaki shows up multiple times, unable to let go of the unresolved murder and determined to find the truth, even after the case passes the statute of limitations. Twenty years after the incident in 1992, he is finally able to piece together the truth: Fumiyo Nishimoto was prostituting her daughter to Yosuke Kirihara in order to pay the bills, explaining the interest displayed by Yosuke towards the family in the beginning of the story. Ryoji, who was Yukiho's friend, became suspicious after seeing her with his father and followed them to an abandoned building, where he witnessed Yosuke molesting her. In his grief, he killed his father with a pair of scissors. In turn, Yukiho killed her mother by drugging her with sleeping pills and causing a gas leak in her house. Ryoji and Yukiho then developed a close relationship of some sort in order to cope with their grief, using their talents to achieve success and ruthlessly disposing of anyone who got in their way.

Towards the novel's end, Sasagaki is able to obtain evidence linking Ryoji to Matsuura's death. The police wait for him to appear at the opening of Yukiho's second shop on Christmas Day, and discover he is one of the employees dressing up as Santa Claus. Cornered, Ryoji runs to the top of the building and jumps to his death. When asked, Yukiho denies knowing him.

Author

Keigo Higashino

Keigo Higashino is a Japanese mystery novelist, born in Osaka in 1958. Initially an engineer at Nippon Denso Co., he began writing novels while working. In 1985, he won the prestigious Edogawa Rampo Prize for his novel *Hōkago* (*After School*) at age 27. This achievement allowed him to leave his engineering career and pursue writing full-time in Tokyo.^[5]

Characters

Primary Roles

Ryoji Kirihara (桐原亮司, Kirihara Ryōji)

The son of the victim killed 19 years ago, Ryoji's eyes have been dark and emotionless since the childhood incidence. He loathes getting close with other people. He started to get involved in shady businesses like housewife prostitution rings and game bootlegging when he was a student. He is a very astute man who possesses professional software skills. He loves to use vintage scissors of his since childhood and is very good at paper cutting. (The English translation by Alexander Smith renamed him Ryo Kirihara for reasons unknown.)

Yukiho Karasawa (Nishimoto) (唐沢(西本)雪穂, Karasawa (Nishimoto) Yukiho)

A stunning beauty, Yukiho is the daughter of one of the suspects of the pawnshop homicide 19 years ago. A primary school student then, she lived a poor life with her mother. Her mother died in an accident shortly after the murder. Afterward Yukiho was adopted by Karasawa, received a good education, and turned into an upper-class lady with manners and elegance. Her academic grades were excellent, causing a lot of envy. People close to her often fall prey to misfortunes.

Junzo Sasagaki (笹垣潤三, Sasagaki Junzō)

An officer in the Crime Investigation Unit of the Osaka Prefectural Police, Junzo was in charge of the investigation of the pawnshop incidence. Over the years of investigation, he grew suspicious of the mysterious events befallen on people close to Yukiho and Ryoji; he has been investigating them since. He likes Seven Stars cigarettes very much.

Secondary Roles

Hisashi Koga (古賀久志, Koga Hisashi)

An officer in the Crime Investigation Unit of the Osaka Prefectural Police, Hisashi was also investigating the pawnshop incidence. He rose through the ranks of the police force in the following 19 years. He is Junzo's coworker as well as his relative.

Yosuke Kirihara (桐原洋介, Kirihara Yōsuke)

The owner of the "Kirihara" pawnshop and Ryoji's father, Yosuke was killed 19 years ago. He cared about his son very much. He discreetly had some unusual sexual interests...

Yaeko Kirihara (桐原弥生子, Kirihara Yaeko)

Mother of Ryoji, Yaeko became the owner of the pawnshop after her husband died. After the pawnshop was closed due to mismanagement, she opened a small cafeteria. Yaeko knows she is not a responsible mother to Ryoji.

Isamu Matsuura (松浦勇, Matsuura Isamu)

The store manager of the "Kirihara" pawnshop, Isamu knows a lot of secrets about the Kirihara family. He later approaches Ryoji as a broker of unauthorized game software.

Fumiyo Nishimoto (西本文代, Nishimoto Fumiyo)

Mother of Yukiho, Fumiyo was seen by the police as a suspect in the pawnshop incidence. Soon after the murder, she died from a gas leakage at home. The truth, however, is much darker...

Reiko Karasawa (唐沢礼子, Karasawa Reiko)

Yukiho's distant relative, Reiko adopted Yukiho after her mother died. She is very strict in teaching Yukiho to behave like a lady.

Yuichi Akiyoshi (秋吉雄一, Akiyoshi Yūichi)

Ryoji's secondary schoolmate, Yuichi was secretly photographing Yukiho.

Fumihiko Kikuchi (菊池文彦, Kikuchi Fumihiko)

Ryoji's secondary schoolmate, Fumihiko had photos about a secret of Ryoji's mother Yaeko. He was later set up and became the suspect of another crime.

Eriko Kawashima (川島江利子, Kawashima Eriko)

Yukiho's university schoolmate, Eriko had a short romantic relationship with Shinozuka Kazunari started by his proposing. She was kidnapped mysteriously later and separated with him. She respected and depended on Yukiho a lot during university days but later became distant. Years later she got married with an ordinary worker. She holds a complex and doubtful attitude toward Yukiho.

Shinozuka Kazunari (篠塚一成, Shinozuka Kazunari):

He is a leading executive of a major pharmaceutical company. He was a member of a social dance team with Yukiho during his college days.

Makoto Takamiya(高宮誠, Makoto Takamiya)：Belongs to an electric parts manufacturing company. He is married to Yukio, whom he met when they were in the dance club. They ended up getting divorced because he had an affair.

Reaction

Journey Under the Midnight Sun has been widely praised for its complex and engaging story. Many reviewers admired how Keigo Higashino crafted a 20-year mystery, connecting multiple characters and events in surprising ways. The relationship between the two main characters, Yukiho and Ryo, was especially compelling. Their dark pasts and morally ambiguous actions made readers feel both sympathy and discomfort.^[6]^[7]

The novel has been described as a subversive and intricate psychological crime thriller, often compared to works by Stieg Larsson for its layered storytelling and long-term exploration of its characters' lives. It stands out for its focus on psychological profiles over traditional mystery tropes.^[8]^[9]

However, some critics found the story difficult to follow due to its many subplots and frequent timeline jumps. While some appreciated the detailed storytelling, others thought it was slow-paced and overwhelming. Yukiho’s character also divided opinions. Her transformation from a victim to a manipulator fascinated some readers, but others found her actions too unsettling to justify.^[10]^[11]

Despite these critiques, Journey Under the Midnight Sun remains celebrated as one of Higashino's most ambitious works. It renowned for its dark narrative, psychological depth, and exploration of the human capacity for both resilience and cruelty.^[12]^[13]

background and cultural insights

Journey Under the Midnight Sun explores changes in Japanese society over several decades. It looks at themes like obsession, betrayal, and corruption.^[14] Higashino also shows how Japan was changing during this time, with new technology and shifting social norms. For example, the story mentions trends like manga and television, reflecting cultural shifts.^[15]^[16]

The bubble economy was a period of rapid growth driven by high asset prices and speculation, leading to a widening gap between the rich and the poor. The novel reflects this divide, as some characters thrive while others face ruin. Yukiho’s rise in society, despite her dark past, shows the ambitions and moral compromises associated with Japan's economic boom.^[17]^[18]

TV series

Cast

Takayuki Yamada as Ryoji Kirihara (桐原亮司, Kirihara Ryōji)
- Yuki Izumisawa as childhood Ryoji
Ayase Haruka as Yukiho Karasawa (唐沢雪穂, Karasawa Yukiho)
- Mayuko Fukuda as Yukiho Nishimoto (西本雪穂, Nishimoto Yukiho), (childhood Yukiho before adoption)
Tetsuya Takeda as Junzo Sasagaki (笹垣潤三, Sasagaki Junzō)
Atsuro Watabe as Isamu Matsuura (松浦勇, Matsuura Isamu)
Takashi Kashiwabara as Kazunari Shinozuka (篠塚一成, Shinozuka Kazunari)
Mitsuru Hirata as Yosuke Kirihara (桐原洋介, Kirihara Yōsuke)
Yumi Asō as Yaeko Kirihara (桐原弥生子, Kirihara Yaeko)
Kotaro Tanaka as Hisashi Koga (古賀久志, Koga Hisashi)
Keisuke Koide as Tomohiko Sonomura (園村友彦, Sonomura Tomohiko)
Kei Tanaka as Michihiro Kikuchi (菊池道広, Kikuchi Michihiro)
Hiroyuki Onoue as Yuichi Akiyoshi (秋吉雄一, Akiyoshi Yūichi)
Kaoru Yachigusa as Reiko Karasawa (唐沢礼子, Karasawa Reiko)
Kaoru Okunuki as Namie Nishiguchi (西口奈美江, Nishiguchi Namie)
Chihiro Otsuka as Eriko Kawashima (川島江利子, Kawashima Eriko)
Momoko Kurasawa as Miyako Fujimura (藤村都子, Fujimura Miyako)
Seina Kasugai as Ryoko Kotake (小竹亮子, Kotake Ryōko)
Shun Shioya as Makoto Takamiya (高宮誠, Takamiya Makoto)
Hitomi Satō as Chizuru Misawa (三沢千都留, Misawa Chizuru)
Michiko Kawai as Fumiyo Nishimoto (西本文代, Nishimoto Fumiyo)
Kimiko Yo as Mafumi Taniguchi (谷口真文, Taniguchi Mafumi)
Naomi Nishida as Noriko Kurihara (栗原典子, Kurihara Noriko)

Awards

Year	Award	Category	Recipients	Result
2006	48th Television Drama Academy Awards	Best Drama	Byakuyakou	Won
		Best Actor	Takayuki Yamada	Won
		Best Supporting Actress	Haruka Ayase	Won
		Best Supporting Actor	Tetsuya Takeda	Won

References

^ English edition: Journey Under the Midnight Sun (London: Little, Brown, October 2015), ISBN (print) 978-1-4087-0411-0, (e-book) 978-1-4055-1680-8; American edition: Under the Midnight Sun (New York: Minotaur Books, November 2016), ISBN (print) 978-1-250-10579-0, (e-book) 978-1-250-10580-6.
^ "【読書感想文】白夜行東野圭吾著｜マネキネコ". note（ノート） (in Japanese). 2022-10-30. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
^ "Journey Under the Midnight Sun by Keigo Higashino, translated by Alexander O. Smith (Abacus)". Asia by the Book. 2023-01-19. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
^ "Midnight Requisitions in the Land of the Midnight Sun", Corporal Boskin's Cold Cold War, Syracuse University Press, pp. 56–64, 2011-09-26, ISBN 978-0-8156-5050-8, retrieved 2024-11-21
^ "Keigo Higashino". www.goodreads.com. Retrieved 2024-11-12.
^ Rouge (2016-07-31). "Review: Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Read Watch and Think. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "My review for Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Higashino Keigo is the best. 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "Book review: Keigo Higashino's Journey Under the Midnight Sun is a subversive treasure". South China Morning Post. 2015-10-12. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "Book Review # 211: Journey Under the Midnight Sun". The Pine-Scented Chronicles. 2020-11-10. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "My review for Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Higashino Keigo is the best. 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ Rouge (2016-07-31). "Review: Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Read Watch and Think. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "My review for Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Higashino Keigo is the best. 2019-01-15. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ Rouge (2016-07-31). "Review: Journey Under the Midnight Sun". Read Watch and Think. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "Journey Under the Midnight Sun by Keigo Higashino – Carol's Notebook". 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ "Journey Under the Midnight Sun by Keigo Higashino – Carol's Notebook". 2024-01-22. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ Kathryn (2016-09-25). "Under the Midnight Sun". Contemporary Japanese Literature. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ Kathryn (2016-09-25). "Under the Midnight Sun". Contemporary Japanese Literature. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
^ Higashino, Keigo (2016). Under the midnight sun. Internet Archive. New York : Minotaur Books. ISBN 978-1-250-10579-0.