Joint Photographic Experts Group

Logo of Joint Photographic Experts Group

The Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) is the joint committee between ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 and ITU-T Study Group 16 that created and maintains the JPEG, JPEG 2000, JPEG XR, JPEG XT, JPEG XS, JPEG XL, and related digital image standards. It also has the responsibility for maintenance of the JBIG and JBIG2 standards that were developed by the former Joint Bi-level Image Experts Group.[1][2]

Within ISO/IEC JTC 1, JPEG is Working Group 1 (WG 1) of Subcommittee 29 (SC 29) and has the formal title JPEG Coding of digital representations of images, where it is one of eight working groups in SC 29.[3] In the ITU-T (formerly called the CCITT), its work falls in the domain of the ITU-T Visual Coding Experts Group (VCEG), which is Question 6 of Study Group 16.[4]

JPEG has typically held meetings three or four times annually in North America, Asia and Europe. The chairman of JPEG (termed its Convenor in ISO/IEC terminology) is Prof. Touradj Ebrahimi of École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne,[3][5][6] who previously had led JPEG 2000 development within the JPEG committee[7] and also had a leading role in MPEG-4 standardization.[8]

History

In April 1983, ISO started to work to add photo quality graphics to text terminals. In the mid-1980s, both the CCITT (now ITU-T) and ISO had standardization groups for image coding: CCITT Study Group VIII (SG8) – Telematic Services and ISO TC97 SC2 WG8 – Coding of Audio and Picture Information.[9][10] They were historically targeted on image communication. The JPEG committee was created in 1986[11][12] and the Joint (CCITT/ISO) Bi-level Image Group (JBIG) was created in 1988.[11]

Former chairs of JPEG include Greg Wallace of Digital Equipment Corporation and Daniel Lee of Yahoo. Fumitaka Ono of Tokyo Polytechnic University was chair of the former JBIG group that has since been merged into JPEG.

Standards published and under development

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is Working Group 1 of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29, titled JPEG Coding of digital representations of images (working as a joint team with ITU-T SG 16). It has developed various standards, which have been published by ITU-T and/or ISO/IEC. The standards developed by the JPEG (and former JBIG) sub-groups are referred to as a joint development of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 and ITU-T SG16. The JPEG standards typically consist of different Parts in ISO/IEC terminology. Each Part is a separate document that covers a certain aspect of a suite of standards that share a project number, and the Parts can be adopted separately as individual standards or used together. For the JPEG standards that are published jointly with ITU-T, each ISO/IEC Part corresponds to a separate ITU-T Recommendation (i.e., a separate standard). Once published, JPEG standards have also often been revised by later amendments and/or new editions – e.g., to add optional extended capabilities or improve the editorial quality of the specifications. Standards developed and under development by JPEG are shown in the table below.[3][13]

Joint Photographic Experts Group – standards published and under development
Common
name		 Part First
edition		 ISO/IEC
number		 ITU
number		 Formal title
JPEG Part 1 1992 ISO/IEC 10918-1 ITU-T Rec. T.81 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Requirements and guidelines
Part 2 1994 ISO/IEC 10918-2 ITU-T Rec. T.83 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images – Compliance testing
Part 3 1996 ISO/IEC 10918-3 ITU-T Rec. T.84 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Extensions
Part 4 1998 ISO/IEC 10918-4 ITU-T Rec. T.86 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Registration of JPEG profiles, SPIFF profiles, SPIFF tags, SPIFF colour spaces, APPn markers, SPIFF compression types and Registration Authorities (REGAUT)
Part 5 2013 ISO/IEC 10918-5 ITU-T Rec. T.871 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF)[14]
Part 6 2013 ISO/IEC 10918-6 ITU-T Rec. T.872 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Application to printing systems
Part 7 2019 ISO/IEC 10918-7 ITU-T Rec. T.873 Information technology – Digital compression and coding of continuous-tone still images: Reference software[15]
JPEG-LS Part 1 1998 ISO/IEC 14495-1 ITU-T Rec. T.87 Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Baseline
Part 2 2002 ISO/IEC 14495-2 ITU-T Rec. T.870 Information technology – Lossless and near-lossless compression of continuous-tone still images: Extensions
JPEG 2000 Part 1 2000 ISO/IEC 15444-1 ITU-T Rec. T.800 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Core coding system
Part 2 2004 ISO/IEC 15444-2 ITU-T Rec. T.801 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions
Part 3 2002 ISO/IEC 15444-3 ITU-T Rec. T.802 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Motion JPEG 2000
Part 4 2002 ISO/IEC 15444-4 ITU-T Rec. T.803 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Conformance testing
Part 5 2003 ISO/IEC 15444-5 ITU-T Rec. T.804 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Reference software
Part 6 2003 ISO/IEC 15444-6 ITU-T Rec. T.805 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Compound image file format
Part 8 2007 ISO/IEC 15444-8 ITU-T Rec. T.807 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Secure JPEG 2000
Part 9 2005 ISO/IEC 15444-9 ITU-T Rec. T.808 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Interactivity tools, APIs and protocols
Part 10 2008 ISO/IEC 15444-10 ITU-T Rec. T.809 Information technology –JPEG 2000 image coding system: Extensions for three-dimensional data
Part 11 2007 ISO/IEC 15444-11 ITU-T Rec. T.810 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: Wireless
Part 12 2004 ISO/IEC 15444-12 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system – Part 12: ISO base media file format
Part 13 2008 ISO/IEC 15444-13 ITU-T Rec. T.812 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: An entry-level JPEG 2000 encoder
Part 14 2013 ISO/IEC 15444-14 ITU-T Rec. T.813 Information technology – JPEG 2000 image coding system: XML structural representation and reference
MRC 1999 ISO/IEC 16485 ITU-T Rec. T.44 Information technology – Mixed Raster Content (MRC)
JPSearch Part 1 2007 ISO/IEC TR 24800-1 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 1: System framework and components
Part 2 2011 ISO/IEC 24800-2 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 2: Registration, identification and management of schema and ontology
Part 3 2010 ISO/IEC 24800-3 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 3: Query format
Part 4 2010 ISO/IEC 24800-4 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 4: File format for metadata embedded in image data (JPEG and JPEG 2000)
Part 5 2011 ISO/IEC 24800-5 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 5: Data interchange format between image repositories
Part 6 2012 ISO/IEC 24800-6 Information technology – JPSearch – Part 6: Reference software
JPEG XR Part 1 2011 ISO/IEC TR 29199-1 T.Sup2 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 1: System architecture
Part 2 2009 ISO/IEC 29199-2 ITU-T Rec. T.832 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 2: Image coding specification
Part 3 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-3 ITU-T Rec. T.833 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 3: Motion JPEG XR
Part 4 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-4 ITU-T Rec. T.834 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 4: Conformance testing
Part 5 2010 ISO/IEC 29199-5 ITU-T Rec. T.835 Information technology – JPEG XR image coding system – Part 5: Reference software
AIC Part 1 2017 ISO/IEC TR 29170-1 Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation methodologies – Part 1: Guidelines for codec evaluation
Part 2 2015 ISO/IEC 29170-2 Information technology – Advanced image coding and evaluation – Part 2: Evaluation procedure for nearly lossless coding
JPEG XT Part 1 2015 ISO/IEC 18477-1 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 1: Core Coding System Specification
Part 2 2016 ISO/IEC 18477-2 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 2: Coding of High Dynamic Range Images
Part 3 2015 ISO/IEC 18477-3 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 3: Box file format
Part 4 2017 ISO/IEC 18477-4 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 4: Conformance Testing
Part 5 2018 ISO/IEC 18477-5 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 5: Reference software
Part 6 2016 ISO/IEC 18477-6 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 6: IDR Integer coding
Part 7 2017 ISO/IEC 18477-7 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 7: HDR Floating-Point Coding
Part 8 2016 ISO/IEC 18477-8 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 8: Lossless and Near-lossless Coding
Part 9 2016 ISO/IEC 18477-9 Information technology – Scalable Compression and Coding of Continuous-Tone Still Images – Part 9: Alpha channel coding
JPEG XS Part 1 2019 ISO/IEC 21122-1 Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 1: Core coding system
Part 2 2019 ISO/IEC 21122-2 Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 2: Profiles and buffer models
Part 3 2019 ISO/IEC 21122-3 Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 3: Transport and container formats
Part 4 2020 ISO/IEC 21122-4 Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 4: Conformance testing
Part 5 2020 ISO/IEC 21122-5 Information technology – JPEG XS low-latency lightweight image coding system – Part 5: Reference software
JPEG XL Part 1 2022 ISO/IEC 18181-1

Information technology  – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 1: Core coding system

Part 2 2021 ISO/IEC 18181-2 Information technology – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 2: File format
Part 3 2022 ISO/IEC 18181-3 Information technology – JPEG XL Image Coding System – Part 3: Conformance testing
Part 4 2022 ISO/IEC 18181-4 Information technology — JPEG XL Image Coding System — Part 4: Reference software
JPEG Pleno Part 1 2020 ISO/IEC 21794-1 Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 1: Framework
Part 2 2021 ISO/IEC 21794-2 Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 2: Light field coding
Part 3 2021 ISO/IEC 21794-3 Information technology — Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 3: Conformance testing
Part 4 2022 ISO/IEC 21794-4 Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 4: Reference software
Part 5 2024 ISO/IEC 21794-5 Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 5: Holography
Part 6 Under development ISO/IEC DIS 21794-6 Information technology – Plenoptic image coding system (JPEG Pleno) – Part 6: Learning-based point cloud coding
JPEG AI Part 1 Under development ISO/IEC DIS 6048-1 Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 1: Core coding system
Part 2 Under development ISO/IEC CD 6048-2 Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 2: Profiling
Part 3 Under development ISO/IEC CD 6048-3 Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 3: Reference software
Part 4 Under development ISO/IEC CD 6048-4 Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 4: Conformance
Part 5 Under development ISO/IEC CD 6048-5 Information technology – JPEG AI learning-based image coding system – Part 5: File Format
JPEG Trust Part 1 Under development ISO/IEC PRF 21617-1 Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 1: Core foundation
Part 2 Under development ISO/IEC AWI 21617-2 Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 2: Trust profiles catalogue
Part 3 Under development ISO/IEC AWI 21617-3 Information technology – JPEG Trust – Part 3: Media asset watermarking

See also

References

  1. ^ ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 (2009-05-07). "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 - Coding of Still Pictures (SC 29/WG 1 Structure)". Archived from the original on 2013-12-31. Retrieved 2009-11-11.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ JPEG, JBIG (2007). "About our committee". Archived from the original on 2009-10-17. Retrieved 2009-11-11.
  3. ^ a b c ISO. "ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29 Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information". Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  4. ^ "Question 6 – Visual, audio and signal coding". ITU. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  5. ^ Pessina, Laure-Anne (12 December 2014). "JPEG changed our world". EPFL News. École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  6. ^ "JPEG changed our world". Phys.org. 12 December 2014. Retrieved 13 September 2019.
  7. ^ Taubman, David; Marcellin, Michael (2012). JPEG2000 Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice: Image Compression Fundamentals, Standards and Practice. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9781461507994.
  8. ^ Ebrahimi, Touradj; Pereira, Fernando (2002). The MPEG-4 Book. Prentice Hall Professional. ISBN 9780130616210.
  9. ^ ITU-T. "ITU-T extensions to JPEG-1". Retrieved 2010-03-07.
  10. ^ chiariglione.org (2009-09-06). "Riding the Media Bits, The Faultline". Archived from the original on October 23, 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
  11. ^ a b Sebestyen, Istvan; Mitchell, Joan L.; Ono, Fumitaka (2005-07-23), "The First Joint ITU ISO/IEC Still Image Compression Standards" (PDF), ITU-T VICA Workshop, ITU-T, p. 3, retrieved 2009-11-12
  12. ^ JPEG. "Joint Photographic Experts Group, JPEG Homepage". Retrieved 2009-11-08.
  13. ^ ISO. "JTC 1/SC 29 – Coding of audio, picture, multimedia and hypermedia information". Retrieved 2009-11-07.
  14. ^ JPEG (2009-04-24). "Press Release - 48th WG1 meeting, Maui, USA - JPEG XR enters FDIS status, JPEG File Interchange Format (JFIF) to be standardized as JPEG Part 5". Archived from the original on 2009-10-08. Retrieved 2009-11-09.
  15. ^ Press Release of the 78th JPEG Meeting in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Read other articles:

Pays-Bas aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1976

Cet article est une ébauche concernant les Jeux olympiques et les Pays-Bas. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pays-Bas aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1976 Code CIO NED Lieu Montréal Participation 16e Athlètes 108 (72 hommes et 36 femmes) Porte-drapeau André Bolhuis MédaillesRang : 29e Or0 Arg.2 Bron.3 Total5 Pays-Bas aux Jeux olympiques d'été Pays-Bas aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 1972 ...

 

 

Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant

Dam in Sault Ste. Marie, MichiganSaint Marys Falls Hydropower PlantThe Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant (1902), a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.CountryUnited StatesLocationSault Ste. Marie, MichiganCoordinates46°29′51″N 84°19′56″W / 46.49743°N 84.33213°W / 46.49743; -84.33213Power StationTypeRun-of-the-riverInstalled capacity18 MW The Saint Marys Falls Hydropower Plant is an 18-MW hydroelectric generating plant located in Sault Ste. Marie, Mich...

 

 

Dragan Kapičić

Serbian basketball player and executive Dragan KapičićKapičić with Crvena zvezda in 1971Personal informationBorn (1948-08-07) 7 August 1948 (age 75)Belgrade, PR Serbia, FPR YugoslaviaNationalitySerbianListed height1.98 m (6 ft 6 in)Listed weight95 kg (209 lb)Career informationNBA draft1970: undraftedPlaying career1965–1981PositionSmall forwardNumber9, 10Career history1965–1977Crvena zvezda1977–1981Saturn Köln Career highlights and awards FIBA Saporta C...

René Préval

President of Haiti (1996–2001, 2006–2011) René PrévalPréval in 200641st President of HaitiIn office14 May 2006 – 14 May 2011Prime MinisterJacques-Édouard AlexisMichèle Pierre-LouisJean-Max BellerivePreceded byBoniface AlexandreSucceeded byMichel MartellyIn office7 February 1996 – 7 February 2001Prime MinisterClaudette WerleighRosny SmarthJacques-Édouard AlexisPreceded byJean-Bertrand AristideSucceeded byJean-Bertrand Aristide2nd Prime Minister of HaitiIn office...

 

 

Tilman Spengler

Tilman Spengler 2023 Tilman Spengler (* 2. März 1947 in Oberhausen) ist ein deutscher Sinologe, Schriftsteller und Journalist. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben und Wirken 2 Auszeichnungen 3 Werke 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Leben und Wirken Spengler studierte in Heidelberg, Taipeh und München Sinologie, Politikwissenschaft und neuere Geschichte und war mehrere Jahre am Max-Planck-Institut zur Erforschung der Lebensbedingungen der wissenschaftlich-technischen Welt in Starnberg tätig. 1972 promov...

 

 

Filone (geologia)

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento geologia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Commento: Nessuna fonte Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Sables d'Olonne(Vandea): Filone pegmatitico entro gneiss I filoni o vene sono in geologia corpi rocciosi, costituiti da un'intrusione di origine ignea ipoabissale (plutoni iniettati o corpi...

Landkreis Worbis (1945–1952)

Der Landkreis Worbis im Jahr 1948 Der Landkreis Worbis, von seiner Gründung bis ins Jahr 1946 Landkreis Eichsfeld, war ein Landkreis, der von 1945 bis 1952 im Land Thüringen der SBZ bzw. der DDR bestand. Er hatte seinen Sitz in Heiligenstadt. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Geschichte 2 Landräte 3 Literatur 4 Weblinks 5 Einzelnachweise Geschichte In einer Verordnung über die Kreiseinteilung des Landes Thüringen vom 8. August 1945 wurden die ehemaligen preußischen Landkreise Worbis und Heiligenstad...

 

 

Heimatmuseum Waltrop

Das Heimatmuseum Waltrop befindet sich seit 1996 im Riphaushof in Waltrop. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Museum 2 Riphaushof 3 Heimatverein 4 Weblinks Museum  Bild gesucht Die Wikipedia wünscht sich an dieser Stelle ein Bild vom hier behandelten Ort.Motiv: Riphaushof, Exponate, historische AufnahmenFalls du dabei helfen möchtest, erklärt die Anleitung, wie das geht.BW Es dokumentiert die Waltroper Geschichte, schwerpunktmäßig werden Landwirtschaft, Handwerk, Religion und im Ber...

 

 

Anna Gebert

Polish-born Finnish musician (born 1979) This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Anna Gebert – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this...

C-Bus (protocol)

Seven layer OSI model This article is about the automation standard developed in Australia. For a similar standard based in North America, see CEBus. For the nickname for Columbus, Ohio, see Columbus, Ohio. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: C-Bus protocol – news · newspapers · books · scholar...

 

 

Kim (Korean surname)

Korean surname This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Kim Korean surname – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2011) (Learn how ...

 

 

Vagueness doctrine

Concept in American constitutional law Constitutional lawof the United States Overview Articles Amendments History Judicial review Principles Separation of powers Individual rights Rule of law Federalism Republicanism Equal footing Strict scrutiny Government structure Legislative branch Executive branch Judicial branch State government Local government Individual rights Freedom of religion Freedom of speech Freedom of the press Freedom of assembly Right to petition Freedom of association Righ...

Secondary Protocol

2003 studio album by WildchildSecondary ProtocolStudio album by WildchildReleasedApril 22, 2003 (2003-04-22)GenreHip hopLength60:11LabelStones Throw RecordsProducerMadlib, Oh NoWildchild chronology Secondary Protocol(2003) Jack of All Trades(2007) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]The A.V. Clubfavorable[2]Exclaim!favorable[3]Pitchfork Media6.3/10[4]XLR8Rfavorable[5] Secondary Protocol is the first studio albu...

 

 

The Basic Eight

1998 novel by Daniel Handler The Basic Eight AuthorDaniel HandlerCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreFiction, Satire, Black ComedyPublisherThomas Dunne BooksPublication dateApril 1998Pages329 (1st edition)ISBN0-312-19833-7 (1st edition)OCLC39756403 The Basic Eight is the debut novel by author Daniel Handler, published in 1998. The book is a version of the diary of high-schooler Flannery Culp. It contains a number of sarcastic plot devices that ridicule high school English classes, standar...

 

 

Invasion of the Flat Booty Bitches

1998 single by Too Short Invasion of the Flat Booty BitchesSingle by Too $hortfrom the album Can't Stay Away B-sideDon't Stop Rappin'ReleasedSeptember 8, 1998Length4:26LabelJiveSongwriter(s)Todd ShawProducer(s)Erick SermonToo $hort singles chronology Independence Day (1998) Invasion of the Flat Booty Bitches (1998) It's About That Money (1999) Invasion of the Flat Booty Bitches is a song by American rapper Too Short, released on September 8, 1998, as the lead single from his eleventh studio a...

Peter Kretschmer

German canoeist Peter KretschmerPersonal informationNationalityGermanBorn (1992-02-15) 15 February 1992 (age 31)Schwerin, GermanyHeight1.75 m (5 ft 9 in)Weight70 kg (154 lb)SportCountryGermanySportCanoe sprintClubSC DHfK Leipzig Medal record Representing  Germany Men's canoe sprint Olympic Games 2012 London C-2 1000 m World Championships 2013 Duisburg C-4 1000 m 2017 Račice C-2 1000 m 2018 Montemor-o-Velho C-2 1000 m 2023 Duisburg C-2 500 m 2011 Szeged C-2 ...

 

 

Camptodactyly

Medical conditionCamptodactylyPronunciationkamp-to-dak-tee-lee SpecialtyMedical geneticsSymptomsPermanent flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints, although symptoms may vary in person; some people have very tight flexed fingers and other people have flexed fingers that straighten when pressed on [1]ComplicationsPeople with severe camptodactyly may have difficulty holding objectsUsual onsetThere are congenital forms, adolescent-onset forms and acquired forms [2]Dura...

 

 

Manhattan Transfer (novel)

1925 novel by John Dos Passos Manhattan Transfer First edition coverAuthorJohn Dos PassosCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishPublisherHarper & BrothersPublication date1925 Manhattan Transfer is an American novel by John Dos Passos published in 1925. It focuses on the development of urban life in New York City from the Gilded Age to the Jazz Age as told through a series of overlapping individual stories. It is considered to be one of Dos Passos' most important works. The book attacks the co...

The Man Who Never Was (TV series)

Television series The Man Who Never WasDana Wynter and Robert Lansing.Created byJohn NewlandStarringRobert LansingDana WynterComposerFrank CordellCountry of originUnited StatesOriginal languageEnglishNo. of seasons1No. of episodes18ProductionRunning time30 minutesProduction companyPalomino Productions in association with 20th Century Fox TelevisionOriginal releaseNetworkABCReleaseSeptember 7, 1966 (1966-09-07) –January 4, 1967 (1967-01-04) The Man Who Never Was is a 1966 ABC-...

 

 

The Commando

2022 American film by Asif Akbar The CommandoOfficial release posterDirected byAsif AkbarWritten byKoji Steven SakaiStory by Asif Akbar Koji Steven Sakai Al Bravo Produced by Elias Axume Philip Tan Starring Mickey Rourke Michael Jai White CinematographyJorge GomezEdited byRJ CooperMusic byMauricio YazigiProductioncompanies Premiere Entertainment ITN Distribution BondIt Media Capital Distributed bySaban FilmsRelease date January 7, 2022 (2022-01-07) Running time93 minutesCountry...

 

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!