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The Earl of Hopetoun
The Earl of Hopetoun
	John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun
Born	17 August 1765; Abercorn, West Lothian
Died	27 August 1823 (aged 58); Paris, France
Buried	Abercorn, West Lothian
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service / branch	British Army
Rank	General
Commands	Ireland
Battles / wars	French Revolutionary Wars; Napoleonic Wars Peninsular War; Battle of Corunna; Walcheren Campaign; Battle of Nivelle; Battle of the Nive; ;
Awards	Knight of the Order of the Bath; Captain-General of the Royal Company of Archers

General John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun, GCB, PC (Ire), FRSE (17 August 1765 – 27 August 1823), known as The Honourable John Hope from 1781 to 1814 and as Lord Niddry from 1814 to 1816, was a Scottish politician and British Army officer.

Military career

Hopetoun was the only son of John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, by his second wife Jane or Jean Oliphant.^[1] His mother died when he was only one year old.^[1] He was commissioned into the 10th Light Dragoons in 1784.^[1] He sat as Member of Parliament for Linlithgowshire from 1790 to 1800.^[1]

He took part in the capture of the French West Indies and Spanish West Indies in 1796 and 1797.^[1] In 1799 he was sent to Den Helder as Deputy Adjutant-General and was present at the Battle of Bergen and the Battle of Castricum.^[1] In 1801 he was sent to Cairo and then to Alexandria to take the surrender of the French garrisons there.^[1] He became Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth and General Officer Commanding South-West District in June 1805.^[2]^[3]

He commanded a division during the advance into Spain and commanded the British left at the Battle of Corunna in 1809, succeeding to overall command when Sir John Moore was killed.^[1] Later that year he commanded the reserve army during the Walcheren Campaign.^[1] He was appointed Commander-in-Chief, Ireland and was admitted to the Irish Privy Council in 1812.^[1] He then commanded the 1st Division under The Duke of Wellington at the Battle of Nivelle and at the Battle of the Nive in 1813.^[1] He was captured fighting the French sortie at the Battle of Bayonne in 1814.^[4]

He served as Lord-Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire from 1816 to 1823. On 17 May 1814, two years before he succeeded in the earldom, he was raised to the peerage in his own right as Baron Niddry, of Niddry Castle in the County of Linlithgow. In 1816 he succeeded his elder half-brother as fourth Earl of Hopetoun.^[1]

He died in Paris, France on 27 August 1823.^[1]

Family

In 1798 Lord Hopetoun married firstly Elizabeth Hope Vere (or Weir) of Craigiehall, daughter of Charles Hope-Weir. They had no children. After her death in 1801, he married secondly, in 1803, Louisa Dorothea Wedderburn, daughter of John Wedderburn of Ballendean, and granddaughter of Sir John Wedderburn, 5th Baronet of Blackness.^[5] By his second wife Hopetoun had ten sons; he was succeeded in his title by his eldest son, John.^[6] His seventh son was Louis Hope.^[7]^[8]

Monuments

Following Lord Hopetoun's death, the Hopetoun Monument was erected on Byres Hill, East Lothian, in 1824.^[9] This was followed in 1826 by a similar monument on Mount Hill in Fife.^[10] In 1824 the city of Edinburgh commissioned a bronze statue of Lord Hopetoun, by Thomas Campbell, and originally designed as a centrepiece for Charlotte Square in 1829, but which was eventually placed in St Andrew Square in 1834, in front of Dundas House where he had acted as vice governor of the bank.^[1]^[11] The text on the latter is by Sir Walter Scott.^[12] In the wake of the George Floyd protests, a plaque was installed by its owners in June 2020 on the statue which reflected Lord Hopetoun's role in suppressing Fédon's rebellion, an uprising against British rule on the island of Grenada.^[13]

Notes

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ "Hope, John, fourth earl of Hopetoun (1765–1823), army officer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13731. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
^ "No. 15817". The London Gazette. 18 June 1805. p. 797.
^ "The Gentleman's Magazine". 1823. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
^ Smith, Digby (1998). The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill. p. 524. ISBN 1-85367-276-9.
^ Wood, John Philip (1794). The Antient and Modern state of the Parish of Cramond. John Paterson, Edinburgh. pp. 150–151. Retrieved 15 October 2007. jp wood cramond.
^ Burke's Peerage, Baronetage and Knightage, 107th edition, vol. 2, ed. Charles Mosley, Burke's Peerage Ltd, 2003, p. 2357
^ Morrison, A. A., "Louis Hope (1817–1894)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University, retrieved 16 June 2024
^ "Former Members". Parliament of Queensland. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "HOPETOUN MONUMENT (Category B Listed Building) (LB10831)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "MOUNT HILL, HOPETOUN MONUMENT (TO SIR JOHN HOPE OF OVER RANKEILOUR) (Category B Listed Building) (LB17428)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
^ Historic Environment Scotland. "ST ANDREW SQUARE, MONUMENT TO JOHN, 4TH EARL OF HOPETOUN (Category A Listed Building) (LB27862)". Retrieved 20 December 2018.
^ "Old Edinburgh Club" (PDF).
^ McCool, Mary (9 June 2020). "How Scotland's city streets tell a story of slavery". BBC News. BBC. Retrieved 3 May 2022.

References

Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, ^{[page needed]}
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. London: Greenhill, 1998.ISBN 1-85367-276-9

External links

Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Hopetoun

Parliament of Great Britain
Preceded by Sir William Cunynghame, Bt	Member of Parliament for Linlithgowshire 1790–1800	Succeeded by Sir Alexander Hope
Military offices
Preceded by Hildebrand Oakes	GOC South-West District June 1805 – December 1805	Succeeded by Sir George Prévost
Preceded by Sir Robert Brownrigg	Colonel of the 6th Battalion, 60th Regiment of Foot 1805–1806	Succeeded by Napier Christie Burton
Preceded by Marquess of Huntly	Colonel of the 92nd (Highland) Regiment of Foot 1806–1820	Succeeded by Sir John Hope
Preceded by The Earl of Harrington	Commander-in-Chief, Ireland 1812–1813	Succeeded by Sir George Hewett, Bt
Preceded by Marquess of Huntly	Colonel of the 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot 1820–1823	Succeeded by Sir George Murray
Honorary titles
Preceded by The 3rd Earl of Hopetoun	Lord-Lieutenant of Linlithgowshire 1816–1823	Vacant Title next held by The 5th Earl of Hopetoun
Peerage of Scotland
Preceded by James Hope-Johnstone	Earl of Hopetoun 1816–1823	Succeeded by John Hope
Peerage of the United Kingdom
New creation	Baron Niddry 1814–1823	Succeeded by John Hope