Dougall was first elected to the Utah House of Representatives in 2002, winning against a crowded field of Republican Partyprimary opponents.[3] During his 10-year tenure in the House, he sponsored various bills related to transportation, government transparency, and tax reform, including tax cuts in 2006 under governor Jon Huntsman.[3][5] He also sponsored the controversial[6] HB477, which would have amended the Government Records Access and Management Act to increase restrictions on public access to government documents. The bill was signed into law in March 2011 by governor Gary Herbert, but it was repealed two weeks later after public backlash and harsh criticism from The Salt Lake Tribune.[6][7] Despite this, Dougall has generally been regarded as an advocate for transparency in the Utah state government.[3]
Dougall was elected Utah State Auditor in 2012, defeating fellow Republican incumbent Auston Johnson.[8] As state auditor, Dougall has led audits that have revealed mismanagement and unethical or illegal behavior at various levels of government in Utah,[9][10] and some of his investigations have targeted members of his own party.[3] For these actions, he has earned bipartisan praise as state auditor.[3]
Dougall briefly considered challenging Mitt Romney in the Republican primary for U.S. Senate in 2018, but ultimately decided against it.[3]
In 2024, Dougall as Utah State Auditor rolled out an online complaint form to report trans people in bathrooms per law HB 257, resulting in nearly 4,000 complaints that appeared to be fake.[12] Following online backlash against the form and the barrage of fake complaints, Dougall released a statement indicating that the State Auditor's office only posted the online complaint form to be in compliance with the way the HB 257 was written requiring their office to have the form available to the public though the State Legislature did not consult with the State Auditor's office about the implementation and enforcement of the form. The statement included that Dougall's office will not be investigating any individuals and will only be investigating claims of government entities not meeting the compliance plan outlined in HB 257 because "many Utahns feel trampled by an invasive and overly aggressive Legislature that too often fails to seek input from those most affected."[13]