John Costas (Greek revolutionary)

John Costas
Costas c. 1913
Native name	Ιωάννης Παπακώστας
Birth name	Ioannis Papakostas
Born	c. 1868 Filiates, Janina Vilayet, Ottoman Empire (now Greece)
Died	c. 1932 Stellenbosch, Union of South Africa
Allegiance	Orange Free State  South African Republic Kingdom of Greece Aut. Rep. Northern Epirus
Unit	Boer foreign volunteers
Battles / wars	Second Boer War (POW) Battle of Spion Kop Battle of Paardeberg Balkan Wars First Balkan War North Epirote Struggle

John Costas, born Ioannis Papakostas (Greek: Ιωάννης Παπακώστας; c. 1868–1932), was a Greek revolutionary and veteran of the Second Boer War.^[1]

Biography

Early life

Ioannis Papakostas was born in about 1868 in Lia, a village near the town of Filiates during a period that Epirus was still under Ottoman rule. He was son of a local priest and he emigrated at a young age first to Australia and later to Egypt. In 1898 he arrived in the South African Republic and settled in Johannesburg.^[1][2]

Military action

During the Second Boer War he became a volunteer on the Boers' side and he fought in various battles, including Spion Kop and Paardeberg. He was taken prisoner after the Boers were defeated. During his captivity, Costas was taken to POW camps in British Ceylon.^[1][2][3]

In 1903 he was released and returned to South Africa, but eight years later he returned to Greece. He settled in Athens where he was initiated into Epirotan Society, an organisation founded in 1906 and led by people of Epirotan descent like Spyros Spyromilios and Panagiotis Danglis for the purpose of liberating Epirus from Ottoman rule and its unification with Greece.^[4] During the First Balkan War, Costas fought as a leader of a minor Greek guerilla band in the region of Thesprotia where he faced mainly Cham Albanian irregulars who fought on the Ottoman forces' side. Furthermore, in 1914 he joined the armed forces of the Autonomous Republic of Northern Epirus.

Later life

The following years he remained in Greece and but after the defeat of Eleftherios Venizelos' Liberal Party at the 1920 parliamentary elections Costas, who was a Venizelos supporter, left Greece, returned to South Africa and settled in Stellenbosch where he died in 1932.

Distinctions

For his services to the Greek state, John Costas was honoured with the rank of captain and with a military medal while in 1982 the South African government built a bust in his birthplace, Lia, as a tribute for his participation in the Second Boer War.^[1][5] Moreover, Costas donated an important amount of money for various needs of Lias community.^[1]

References

1. Βασίλη Κραψίτη, Σύγχρονοι Ηπειρώτες ευεργέτες (1913–1986), εκδόσεις του συλλόγου "Οι φίλοι του Σουλίου", Athens, 1987, p. 136-138.
2. E.A. Mantzaris, The Greeks in South Africa Archived 5 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, in Richard Clogg (ed.), The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century, Macmillan Press, 1999, p. 121.
3. Venetis, Antonios. "Ηπειρώτης στους Μπόερς". enet.gr (in Greek). Eleftherotypia. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
4. "Το ηπειρωτικό κομιτάτο". amyntika.gr (in Greek). Amyntika. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.
5. "Greeks and the Anglo-Boer War". bloemhc.co.za. Bloemfontein Hellenic Community. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 October 2015.

Bibliography

• Βασίλη Κραψίτη, Σύγχρονοι Ηπειρώτες ευεργέτες (1913–1986), εκδόσεις του συλλόγου "Οι φίλοι του Σουλίου", Athens, 1987.
• E.A. Mantzaris, The Greeks in South Africa, in Richard Clogg (ed.), The Greek Diaspora in the Twentieth Century, Macmillan Press, 1999.