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1939 Detail map of Yunnan during ROC era showing Jiangxinpo (shown as top left yellow), Namwan (show at center left orange and protruding), and Kokang (shown bottom left red)1979 Official ROC Map showing the claims of the ROC, including Jiangxinpo and NamwanMap showing the claims of the ROC, including Jiangxinpo and NamwanMap showing small portion of disputed areas ceded from Burma to China, including Hpimaw, Gawlam & Kangfang
It was disputed territory between China and Myanmar until 1961, when People's Republic of China (PRC) recognized Myanmar's sovereignty over it,[1] with the exception of Burma relinquishing small amount of that territory,[5] namely Hpimaw (Pianma) and adjacent Gawlam (Gulang) (古浪; Gǔlàng)[6] and Kangfang[1] (崗房; 岗房; Gǎngfáng)[7] to PRC, as part of Lushui county. Some Chinese commentators, especially those media in ROC (Taiwan)[1] and overseas which are outside the control of PRC government's censorship, criticized the PRC government for signing the agreement, which they regarded as guaranteeing the permanent loss of former Chinese territory to Myanmar.
^ abcd"International Boundary Study No. 42 – Burma-China Boundary"(PDF). US DOS. 30 November 1964. p. 11. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020. 1961 agreements remove the causes of boundary friction between Burma and the Communist regime on the Chinese mainland. They do not eliminate the dispute between Burma and the Republic of China
^"Yunnan | province, China". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2023-10-30. In 1910 the British, then established in Burma, induced the tusi of Pianma (Hpimau) to defect from the central Chinese government, and they then occupied his territory in northwestern Yunnan. Britain also forced China to give up a tract of territory in what is now the Kachin state of Myanmar (1926–27), as well as the territory in the Wa states (1940).
^"International Boundary Study No. 42 – Burma-China Boundary"(PDF). USDOS. 30 November 1964. Archived from the original(PDF) on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020. Agreement on the Question of the Boundary signed on January 28, 1960...(b) the villages of Hpimaw, Gawlum, and Kangfang would be Chinese;...(d) the Panhung-Panlao tribal area would be exchanged (for Namwan); and (e) with the exception of d, the 1941 boundary in the Wa states would be accepted...
