Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (premier président)

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes
comte d'Avaux
Detail of portrait painted by Hyacinthe Rigaud and engraved by Pierre Drevet.
Detail from the portrait below
Tenure1688–1723
PredecessorJean-Jacques de Mesmes
SuccessorJean Jacques de Mesmes
Born18 November 1661
Died23 August 1723
Spouse(s)Marie-Therèse Feydeau
Issue
Detail
Marie-Anne-Antoinette & others
FatherJean-Jacques de Mesmes
MotherMarguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière
OccupationPremier Président

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux (1661–1723) was a premier president of the Parlement of Paris and member of the Académie française. As premier president he presided at the rescinding of the will of Louis XIV and in 1720 at the remonstrance against the regent, Philippe of Orléans, for allowing Law's disastrous financial scheme and appointing Guillaume Dubois as archbishop of Cambrai.

Birth and origins

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes was born on 18 November 1661 as the eldest of the five children of Jean-Jacques de Mesmes and his wife Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière. His father and his grandfather had both been comtes d'Avaux and presidents at the Parlement of Paris. His mother was the daughter of Macé Bertrand de la Bazinière (1632–1688), trésorier de l'Épargne.[1]

The subject of this article, Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (died 1723), may be easily confused with other members of his family who had the same first name, notably his grandfather Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux (died 1673) and his uncle Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, called d'Avaux (died 1709), the diplomat.[2] Jean-Antoine had two brothers and two sisters, who are listed in his father's article.

Family tree
Jean-Antoine de Mesmes with wife, parents, and other selected relatives.[a]
Jean-
Antoine

1598–1673
President
Anne
Courtin
Marguerite
B de la
Bazinière
Jean-
Jacques

1630–1688
President
Jean-
Antoine

1640–1709
Diplomat
Jean-
Antoine

1661–1723
Marie-
Therèse
Feydeau

1674–1705
Jean-
Jacques

1675–1741
Knt. of Malta
Guy
Nicholas
de Durfort
de Lorges

1683–1758
Marie-
Anne-
Antoinette

1696–1757
Henriette-
Antoinette

m. 1715
Legend
XXXSubject of
the article
XXXComtes
d'Avaux

Paris parlement

In 1679 Jean-Antoine de Mesmes became procureur-général at the Parlement of Paris; conseiller in 1687. In 1688, at this father's death, he inherited his father's place as président à mortier, even though he had never been maître des recherches.[3]

In 1712, d'Avaux was appointed Premier President of the Parlement of Paris[4] when his predecessor Pelletier resigned.[5][6] He moved to the apartment reserved for the premier president in the Palais de la Cité[7] and rented the Hôtel de Mesmes to John Law, who made it the seat of his Banque Générale.[8]

When Louis XIV died in 1715, the future Louis XV, his great-great-grandson, was five years old. According to custom Philippe of Orléans, the closest relative, would govern France as regent. However, Louis XIV made a will in which he appointed a regency council dominated by his favourite but illegitimate son Louis-Auguste, Duke of Maine. The king gave this will to d'Avaux, the premier président for safe-keeping in August 1714. The will was opened after the king's death in September 1715. D'Orléans asked the Parlement of Paris to overrule the will. The parlement agreed and declared d'Orléans regent. In exchange Orléans gave the parlement back its Right of Remonstrance [fr]. Jean-Antoine de Mesmes used this right later to admonish the regent in 1720 for the Law affair[citation needed] and for the appointment of Guillaume Dubois as Archbishop of Cambrai. This action earned the Parlement of Paris an exile to Pontoise.

Noble titles

While his father was alive, Jean-Antoine de Mesmes's title was vicomte de Neufchâtel.[9] He became the fifth comte d'Avaux at his father's death in 1688.[10][11] He was also seigneur de Cramayel [fr], et de Brie-Comte-Robert, marquis de Saint-Etienne, and vicomte de Neufchâtel.[12]

Order of the Holy Spirit

On 22 September 1703 Jean-Antoine de Mesmes became Provost and Master of Ceremonies of the Order of the Holy Spirit.[13] The order of the Holy Spirit is the highest order of chivalry in France, but membership and offices could be inherited and bought. Jean-Antoine de Mesmes bought this office from his paternal uncle and homonym Jean-Antoine de Mesmes (diplomat), the diplomat for 160,000 livres.[14][15]

Academie française

Portrait by Hyacinthe Rigaud engraved by Pierre Drevet. Note his attire as président à mortier: robe and striped ermine epitoge.

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes was elected to the twenty-second seat of the Académie française on 18 January 1710, replacing (and thus eulogizing) Louis de Verjus, comte de Crécy, and was received by François de Callières on 20 March 1710.[16] Pierre-Joseph Alary followed him as the next occupant of the seat. His father had also been a member of the Académie from 1676 to 1688.

Great Nights of Sceaux

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes was a familiar of the court of the duchesse du Maine in her Château de Sceaux. In 1714 he played the king of the night in the second,[17] third,[18] and fifth great night[19] at Sceaux.

The text reads: Monsieur le premier président de Mesmes. He is shown dressed as président à mortier. He wears the cross of the Order of the Holy Spirit on his breast on the cordon bleu. The disk-like object on the table under his right hand is the mortier, a mortarboard-like hat.

Marriage and children

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes married Marie-Therèse Feydeau in 1695. Her dowry was 350,000 francs in cash and 50,000 francs in other effects.[20][21] She was the daughter of Denys Feydeau, seigneur de Brou.

Jean-Antoine and Marie-Therèse had two daughters:[22]

  1. Marie-Anne-Antoinette (1696–1757), married in 1720 Guy Nicolas de Durfort, duc de Lorges [fr] as his 2nd wife;[23]
  2. Henriette-Antoinette, married in 1715 Louis de Gélas de Leberon, marquis de Lautrec, the son of d'Ambres.

As there were no sons they were rich heiresses. His elder daughter's husband was the eldest son and heir of Guy Aldonce de Durfort, duc de Lorges, the father-in-law of Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon. Jean-Antoine de Mesmes is therefore often mentioned in the memoirs of Saint-Simon where he is distinguished from his homonyms by his title of premier president.

Death, succession, and timeline

Jean-Antoine de Mesmes died suddenly on 23 August 1723 at the age of 61.[24] As he had no son, his youngest and only surviving brother Jean-Jacques, numbered Jean-Jacques IV de Mesmes, the Maltese knight, succeeded him as the sixth and last comte d'Avaux. His younger daughter Henriette-Antoinette inherited Cramayel [fr].

At his death, his family neglected to advertise his membership of the academy in his obituary; when the academy expressed a certain astonishment, his brother Jean-Jacques sent a letter of apology and regret.[25]

Timeline
Age Date Event
0 1661, 18 Nov Born first son of Jean-Jacques de Mesmes.
26 1688, 9 Jan Father died and he became comte d'Avaux and président à mortier.[10]
33 1695, 23 May Married Marie Therèse Feydeau.[21]
41 1703, 22 Sep Bought the office of prevost and master of ceremonies of the Order of the Holy Spirit.[14]
48 1710, 20 Mar Elected to Seat 22 of the Académie française.[16]
50 1712, 5 Jan Became premier president of the Parlement of Paris.[4]
59 1720, 14 Dec Elder daughter marries Guy Nicolas de Durfort, Duc de Lorges.[23]
61 1723, 23 Aug Died, leaving two daughters and no son.[24]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ Also see the lists of siblings and children in the text.

Citations

  1. ^ Moréri 1759b, p. 496, left column, line 73 (almost at the bottom). "Il avoit épousé le 8 mars 1660 Marguerite Bertrand de la Bazinière, fille de Macé Bertrand de la Bazinière ..."
  2. ^ La Chesnaye des Bois 1770, p. 478. "Avaux, en Champagne, diocèse de Reims, Terre & seigneurie érigée en comté par Lettres du mois de Janvier 1638, registrées le 4 Août 1648 en faveur de Jacques de Mesmes, Seigneur de Roissi, Conseiller d'état, et de son second fils Claude de Mesmes, Greffier des ordres du Roi, Plénipotentiaire à la paix de Munster, & Sur-Intendant des Finances, mort sans alliance, le 19 Novembre 1650. Il eut pour héritier son frère puiné Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, Président du Parlement de Paris, père de Jean-Antoine, Prévôt & Grand-Maitre des cérémonies des ordres du Roi, premier Président du Parlement de Paris, mort le 23 Août 1723, ..."
  3. ^ Dangeau 1854, p. 92. "Vendredi 9 à Versailles [Janvier 1688] - Le matin au lever du roi, m. de la Feuillade amena M. de Neufchâtel, fils aîné du président de Mesmes, qui appris à Sa Majesté que son père étoit mort cette nuit d'apoplexie. On espère que le roi voudra bien que la charge de président à mortier ne sorte pas de leur maison ; mais, comme M. de Neufchâtel n'est conseiller que depuis trois mois, on croit qu'elle soit donnée à M. d'Avaux son ambassadeur en Hollande, qui n'est pas marié, et qui pourra la rendre à son neveu quand il seroit en âge de la faire."
  4. ^ a b Moréri 1759b, p. 496, right column, line 29. " ...fut nommé premier président du parlement de Paris le 5 janvier 1712."
  5. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 218, line 21. "Cinq jours après, M. du Maine la fit donner au président du Mesmes, ..."
  6. ^ Dangeau 1858, p. 56. "Le roi nomma hier M. de Mesmes premier président; il y avoit déjà longtemps qu'il en faisoit les fonctions, car la mauvaise santé de M. Pelletier l'empêchoit d'aller au parlement. Le fils de M. Pelletier, quoiqu'il n'ait pas encore vingt-deux ans, aura la charge de président à mortier qu'avoit M. de Mesmes; le roi a reglé qu'il en donnera 200,000 écus; il en donnera à M. son père les 500,000 livres de brevet de retenue qu'il avoit, et M. de Mesmes aura 100,000 francs. M. Pelletier le jeune aura sa séance au parlement comme président au mortier, mais il opinera pas encore."
  7. ^ Saint-Simon 1925, p. 16, line 4. "... par sa place qui donne un magnifique logement au Palais au premiers présidents du parlement."
  8. ^ Saint-Simon 1925, p. 16, line 2. "... sa banque, qui avoit été jusqu'alors dans la maison qu'il louoit pour cela du premier président ..."
  9. ^ Saint-Simon 1910, p. 228, line 6. "Il porta le nom de sieur de Neufchâtel du vivant de son père."
  10. ^ a b "De Paris le 10 Ianvier 1688". Gazette de France (in French). 10 January 1688. p. 24. Le 9, Messire Jean Jacques de Mesmes, Président à mortier, Prévost et Maistre des cérémonies des Ordres du Roy, vn des quarante de l'Académie Françoise mourut icy d'apoplexie.
  11. ^ Boulliot 1830, p. 258. "... le premier président de Mesmes, cinquième comte d'Avaux ..."
  12. ^ Moréri 1759b, p. 496, right column, line 20. "Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, comte d'Avaux, sire de Cramayel, Brie-Comte-Robert, marquis de Saint-Etienne, vicomte de Neufchâtel ..."
  13. ^ Anselme 1733, p. 317. "Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, chevalier, comte d'Avaux ... Prévôt & Maître des ceremonies des Ordres du Roy sur la démission du comte d'Avaux, son oncle par lettre du 22 septembre 1703."
  14. ^ a b Dangeau 1857, p. 282. "M. d'Avaux vend la charge de prévôt et maître des cérémonies de l'Ordre à M. le président de Mesmes, son neveu; il la lui donne pour 160,000 francs, quoiqu'elle lui eut coûté davantage. le roi donne à M. d'Avaux un brevet pour porter toujours le cordon."
  15. ^ Saint-Simon 1895, p. 169. "M. d'Avaux vendit en ce temps-ci au président de Mesmes son neveu, sa charge de prévôt et grand-maitre des cérémonies de l'ordre, avec permission de continuer à porter le cordon bleu. D'Avaux l'avait eue, en 1684, du président de Mesmes son frère, qui lui-même avait obtenu la même permission de continuer à porter l'ordre, et ce président de Mesmes l'avait eue en 1671 lors de la déroute de la Bazinière, son beau-père ..."
  16. ^ a b Alembert 1786, p. 339. "Premier président du parlement, né le 18 novembre 1661, reçu à la place de Louis Verjus, comte de Creci, le 20 mars 1710, mort le 25 août 1723."
  17. ^ Jullien 1885, p. 30, line 2. "Mme du Maine fut de droit la première reine; elle éleva à la royauté le président de Mesmes et tous deux prirent le commandement de la deuxième nuit."
  18. ^ Jullien 1885, p. 30, line 10. "La troisième nuit, présidé de nouveau par M. de Mesmes ..."
  19. ^ Jullien 1885, p. 33, line 6. "La duchesse du Maine se chargea d'ordonner la cinquième grande nuit, encore avec le concours du président de Mesmes: elle désirait que cette fête eclipsât en splendeur les précédentes, ..."
  20. ^ Dangeau 1855, p. 173. "M. le président de Mesmes se marie à mademoiselle de Brou à qui on donne 350 000 francs d'argent et 50 000 francs en autres effets."
  21. ^ a b Dangeau 1855, p. 209. "Lundi 23 à Versailles [Mai 1695] ... M. le président de Mesmes se maria le soir à Paris. La noce se fit chez lui avec beaucoup de magnificience."
  22. ^ Moréri 1759b, p. 496, right column, line 37. "Il avait épousé le 23 mai 1695 Marie-Thérèse Feydeau, fille de Denys Feydeau, seigneur de Brou, président au grand-conseil, et de Marie-Anne Voisin de la Noiraye, décédée le 29 janvier 1705, dont il a eu, Marie-Anne-Antoinette, née le 15 mai 1696, mariée le 15 décembre 1720 à Guy de Durfort, Duc de Lorge; & Henriette-Antoinette, née le 29 avril 1698, mariée le 7 août 1715 à Louis de Gélas de Leberon, marquis de Lautrec, &c."
  23. ^ a b Moréri 1759a, p. 306, right column, bottom. "XIII GUI de Durfort, duc de Lorges, comte de Quintin, né le 20 fevrier 1683, épousa 1. le 14 décembre 1702, Géneviève Thérèse Chamillard, fille de Michel Chamillard ... 2. le 14 décembre 1720 Marie-Anne Antoinette de Mesmes, fille ainée de Jean-Antoine de Mesmes, premier président du parlement ..."
  24. ^ a b Moréri 1759b, p. 496, right column, line 31. "... & mourut subitement le 23 Août 1723, âgé de 61 ans, ... "
  25. ^ Alembert 1786, p. 345. "M. le bailli de Mesmes, frère du Premier Président écrivit à l'Académie pour la prier de recevoir ses excuses & ses regrets."

Sources

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