Isotopes of yttrium

Isotopes of yttrium (₃₉Y)

Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct ^87Y synth 3.4 d ε ^87Sr γ – ^88Y synth 106.6 d ε ^88Sr γ – ^89Y 100% stable ^90Y synth 2.7 d β^− ^90Zr γ – ^91Y synth 58.5 d β^− ^91Zr γ –
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002[1] 88.906±0.001 (abridged)[2]

Natural yttrium (₃₉Y) is composed of a single isotope yttrium-89. The most stable radioisotopes are ⁸⁸Y, which has a half-life of 106.6 days, and ⁹¹Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant decay mode below the stable ⁸⁹Y is electron capture and the dominant mode after it is beta emission. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized.

⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope strontium-90, which is a product of nuclear fission.

List of isotopes

Nuclide [n 1]	Z	N	Isotopic mass (Da)[3] [n 2][n 3]	Half-life[4] [n 4]	Decay mode[4] [n 5]	Daughter isotope [n 6][n 7]	Spin and parity[4] [n 8][n 4]	Isotopic abundance
	Excitation energy[n 4]
^76Y	39	37	75.95894(32)#	28(9) ms	β^+?	^76Sr	1−#
					p?	^75Sr
					β^+, p?	^75Rb
^77Y	39	38	76.95015(22)#	63(17) ms	β^+	^77Sr	5/2+#
					p?	^76Sr
					β^+, p?	^76Rb
^78Y	39	39	77.94399(32)#	54(5) ms	β^+	^78Sr	(0+)
					β^+, p?	^77Rb
^78mY[n 9]	0(500)# keV			5.8(6) s	β^+	^78Sr	(5+)
					β^+, p?	^77Rb
^79Y	39	40	78.937946(86)	14.8(6) s	β^+	^79Sr	5/2+#
^80Y	39	41	79.9343548(67)	30.1(5) s	β^+	^80Sr	4−
^80m1Y	228.5(1) keV			4.8(3) s	IT (81%)	^80Y	1−
					β^+ (19%)	^80Sr
^80m2Y	312.6(9) keV			4.7(3) μs	IT	^80Y	(2+)
^81Y	39	42	80.9294543(58)	70.4(10) s	β^+	^81Sr	(5/2+)
^82Y	39	43	81.9269302(59)	8.30(20) s	β^+	^82Sr	1+
^82m1Y	402.63(14) keV			258(22) ns	IT	^82Y	4−
^82m2Y	507.50(13) keV			148(6) ns	IT	^82Y	6+
^83Y	39	44	82.922484(20)	7.08(8) min	β^+	^83Sr	(9/2+)
^83mY	62.04(10) keV			2.85(2) min	β^+ (60%)	^83Sr	(3/2−)
					IT (40%)	^83Y
^84Y	39	45	83.9206711(46)	39.5(8) min	β^+	^84Sr	(6+)
^84m1Y	67.0(2) keV			4.6(2) s	β^+	^84Sr	1+
^84m2Y	210.42(16) keV			292(10) ns	IT	^84Y	4−
^85Y	39	46	84.916433(20)	2.68(5) h	β^+	^85Sr	(1/2)−
^85m1Y	19.68(17) keV			4.86(20) h	β^+	^85Sr	(9/2)+
					IT?	^85Y
^85m2Y	266.18(10) keV			178(7) ns	IT	^85Y	(5/2)−
^86Y	39	47	85.914886(15)	14.74(2) h	β^+	^86Sr	4−
^86m1Y	218.21(9) keV			47.4(4) min	IT (99.31%)	^86Y	(8+)
					β^+ (0.69%)	^86Sr
^86m2Y	302.18(9) keV			125.3(55) ns	IT	^86Y	6+
^87Y	39	48	86.9108761(12)	79.8(3) h	β^+	^87Sr	1/2−
^87mY	380.82(7) keV			13.37(3) h	IT (98.43%)	^87Y	9/2+
					β^+ (1.57%)	^87Sr
^88Y	39	49	87.9095013(16)	106.629(24) d	β^+	^88Sr	4−
^88m1Y	392.86(9) keV			301(3) μs	IT	^88Y	1+
^88m2Y	674.55(4) keV			13.98(17) ms	IT	^88Y	8+
^89Y[n 10]	39	50	88.90583816(36)	Stable			1/2−	1.0000
^89mY	908.97(3) keV			15.663(5) s	IT	^89Y	9/2+
^90Y[n 10]	39	51	89.90714175(38)	64.05(5) h	β^−	^90Zr	2−
^90mY	682.01(5) keV			3.226(11) h	IT	^90Y	7+
					β^− (0.0018%)	^90Zr
^91Y[n 10]	39	52	90.9072980(20)	58.51(6) d	β^−	^91Zr	1/2−
^91mY	555.58(5) keV			49.71(4) min	IT	^91Y	9/2+
					β^−?	^91Zr
^92Y	39	53	91.9089458(98)	3.54(1) h	β^−	^92Zr	2−
^92mY	807(50)# keV			3.7(5) μs	IT	^92Y	7+#
^93Y	39	54	92.909578(11)	10.18(8) h	β^−	^93Zr	1/2−
^93mY	758.719(21) keV			820(40) ms	IT	^93Y	9/2+
^94Y	39	55	93.9115921(68)	18.7(1) min	β^−	^94Zr	2−
^94mY	1202.3(10) keV			1.304(12) μs	IT	^94Y	(5+)
^95Y	39	56	94.9128197(73)	10.3(1) min	β^−	^95Zr	1/2−
^95mY	1087.6(6) keV			48.6(5) μs	IT	^95Y	9/2+
^96Y	39	57	95.9159093(65)	5.34(5) s	β^−	^96Zr	0−
^96m1Y	1540(9) keV			9.6(2) s	β^−	^96Zr	8+
^96m2Y	1655.0(11) keV			181(9) ns	IT	^96Y	(6+)
^97Y	39	58	96.9182867(72)	3.75(3) s	β^− (99.945%)	^97Zr	1/2−
					β^−, n (0.055%)	^96Zr
^97m1Y	667.52(23) keV			1.17(3) s	β^− (>99.2%)	^97Zr	9/2+
					IT (<0.7%)	^97Y
					β^−, n (0.11%)	^96Zr
^97m2Y	3522.6(4) keV			142(8) ms	IT (94.8%)	^97Y	(27/2−)
					β^− (5.2%)	^97Zr
^98Y	39	59	97.9223948(85)	548(2) ms	β^− (99.67%)	^98Zr	0−
					β^−, n (0.33%)	^97Zr
^98m1Y	170.78(5) keV			615(8) ns	IT	^98Y	2−
^98m2Y	465.7(7) keV			2.32(8) s	β^− (96.56%)	^98Zr	(6,7)+
					β^−, n (3.44%)	^97Zr
					IT?	^98Y
^98m3Y	496.10(11) keV			6.90(54) μs	IT	^98Y	(4)−
^98m4Y	594(10) keV			180(7) ns	IT	^98Y	(3−,4−)
^98m5Y	972.17(20) keV			450(150) ns	IT	^98Y	(8+)
^98m6Y	1181.50(18) keV			762(14) ns	IT	^98Y	(10−)
^99Y	39	60	98.9241608(71)	1.484(7) s	β^− (98.23%)	^99Zr	5/2+
					β^−, n (1.77%)	^98Zr
^99mY	2141.65(19) keV			8.2(4) μs	IT	^99Y	(17/2+)
^100Y	39	61	99.927728(12)	940(30) ms	β^−	^100Zr	4+
					β^−, n?	^99Zr
^100mY	144(16) keV			727(6) ms	β^− (98.92%)	^100Zr	1+#
					β^−, n (1.08%)	^99Zr
^101Y	39	62	100.9301608(76)	426(20) ms	β^− (97.7%)	^101Zr	5/2+
					β^−, n (2.3%)	^100Zr
^101mY	1205.0(10) keV			870(90) ns	IT	^101Y	13/2−#
^102Y	39	63	101.9343285(44)	360(40) ms	β^− (>97.4%)	^102Zr	(5−)
					β^−, n (<2.6%)	^101Zr
^102mY[n 9]	100(100)# keV			300(100) ms	β^− (>97.4%)	^102Zr	(0−,1−)
					β^−, n (<2.6%)	^101Zr
					IT?	^102Y
^103Y	39	64	102.937244(12)	239(12) ms	β^− (92.0%)	^103Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n (8.0%)	^102Zr
^104Y	39	65	103.94194(22)#	197(4) ms	β^− (66%)	^104Zr	(0+,1+)#
					β^−, n (34%)	^103Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^102Zr
^105Y	39	66	104.94571(43)#	95(9) ms	β^−	^105Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n (<82%)	^104Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^103Zr
^106Y	39	67	105.95084(54)#	75(6) ms	β^−	^106Zr	2+#
					β^−, n?	^105Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^104Zr
^107Y	39	68	106.95494(54)#	33.5(3) ms	β^−	^107Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n?	^106Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^105Zr
^108Y	39	69	107.96052(64)#	30(5) ms	β^−	^108Zr	6−#
					β^−, n?	^107Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^106Zr
^109Y	39	70	108.96513(75)#	25(5) ms	β^−	^109Zr	5/2+#
					β^−, n?	^108Zr
					β^−, 2n?	^107Zr
^110Y[5]	39	71
^111Y[5]	39	72
This table header & footer: view

1. ^mY – Excited nuclear isomer.
2. ( ) – Uncertainty (1σ) is given in concise form in parentheses after the corresponding last digits.
3. # – Atomic mass marked #: value and uncertainty derived not from purely experimental data, but at least partly from trends from the Mass Surface (TMS).
4. # – Values marked # are not purely derived from experimental data, but at least partly from trends of neighboring nuclides (TNN).
5. Modes of decay:

   IT:	Isomeric transition
   n:	Neutron emission
   p:	Proton emission

6. Bold italics symbol as daughter – Daughter product is nearly stable.
7. Bold symbol as daughter – Daughter product is stable.
8. ( ) spin value – Indicates spin with weak assignment arguments.
9. Order of ground state and isomer is uncertain.
10. Fission product

References

1. "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
2. Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
3. Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. (2021). "The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references*". Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf.
4. Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
5. Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110Zr". Physical Review C. 103 (1): 014614. Bibcode:2021PhRvC.103a4614S. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614. hdl:10261/260248. S2CID 234019083.

• Isotope masses from:
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
• Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources.
  • Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
  • National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Brookhaven National Laboratory.
  • Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". In Lide, David R. (ed.). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.
  • E. V. Marathe (July 1955). "The Half-Life of Yttrium-90". Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (Vol 14B ed.): 354–355.