PROFILBARU.COM

Internet Systems Consortium
Formation	1994; 30 years ago
Founder	Paul Vixie; Carl Malamud; Rick Adams;
Type	Network Engineering
Legal status	501(c)(3) organization
Focus	DNS, Internet
Location	Newmarket, New Hampshire, U.S.;
Area served	Worldwide
Products	BIND, DHCP, Kea
Key people	Jeff Osborn (President)
Employees	35
Website	www.isc.org
Formerly called	Internet Software Consortium
ASN	3557;

Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., also known as ISC, is an American non-profit corporation that supports the infrastructure of the universal, self-organizing Internet by developing and maintaining core production-quality software, protocols, and operations.^[1]^[2] ISC has developed several key Internet technologies that enable the global Internet, including: BIND, ISC DHCP and Kea. Other software projects no longer in active development include OpenReg and ISC AFTR (an implementation of an IPv4/IPv6 transition protocol based on Dual-Stack Lite).

ISC operates one of the 13 global authoritative DNS root servers, F-Root.^[3]^[4]

Over the years a number of additional software systems were operated under ISC (for example: INN and Lynx) to better support the Internet's infrastructure. ISC also expanded their operational activities to include Internet hosting facilities for other open-source projects such as NetBSD, XFree86, kernel.org, secondary name-service (SNS) for more than 50 top-level domains, and a DNS OARC (Operations, Analysis and Research Center) for monitoring and reporting of the Internet's DNS.

ISC is actively involved in the community design process; it authors and participates in the development of the IETF standards, including the production of managed open-source software used as a reference implementation of the DNS.^[5]

ISC is primarily funded by the sale of technical support contracts for its open source software.^[6]

History

Originally the company was founded as the Internet Software Consortium, Inc. The founders included Paul Vixie, Rick Adams and Carl Malamud. The corporation was intended to continue the development of BIND software. The founders believed that it was necessary that BIND's maintenance and development be managed and funded by an independent organization. ISC was designated as a root name server operator by IANA, originally as NS.ISC.ORG and later as F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.^{[citation needed]}

In January 2004, ISC reorganized under the new name Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.^[7]

In July 2013, ISC spun off the Security Business Unit to Farsight Security, Inc. a new company started by ISC founder Paul Vixie.^[8]

In early 2020, ISC closed its headquarters in Redwood City, California and moved its operations to Newmarket, New Hampshire.^[9]

Open Source

ISC develops and maintains open source networking software, including BIND and two DHCP implementations: ISC DHCP and Kea DHCP. ISC also distributes INN and several older, unmaintained projects.^[1] Some early aspects of its software were developed by developers that were commercially employed by Nominum, amongst others.^[10]

ISC license

ISC developed and used the ISC license, which is functionally similar to the simplified BSD and MIT licenses. The ISC license is OpenBSD's preferred license for new code.^[11]

All current versions of ISC-hosted software are available under the Mozilla Public License 2.0.^[12]

DNS root server

ISC operates the DNS "F" root server,^[1] the first such server to be distributed using anycast. In 2007 it was announced that ISC and ICANN would sign an agreement regarding the operation of F, the first such agreement made between ICANN and a root-server operator.^[13]

Usenet moderators list

ISC maintains and publishes (on ftp.isc.org) the central Usenet moderators list and relays for moderated groups, so individual server operators don't have to track moderator changes.^[14]

Internet Domain Survey

The Internet Domain Survey searched the Domain Name System (DNS) to discover every Internet host. The survey began when only a few hundred hosts were Internet-linked.^[16] The earliest published reports, dated 1993, were performed by Network Wizards owner Mark K. Lottor. The Internet host count was 1313000 in January 1993 and 1062660523 in the January 2017 survey.^[17]

ISC ended its sponsorship and publication of the Internet Domain Survey in 2019.^[18]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "The History of ISC". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2020-10-20. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ Internal Revenue Service (2007-12-15). "501(c)(3) exemption letter". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-18. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
^ "F-Root". Internet Systems Consortium. 10 July 2019. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ "Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium". ICANN. Archived from the original on 2019-12-13. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ "IETF Standards Written by ISC Contributors". Internet Systems Consortium. ISC. Archived from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^ "2019 ISC Annual Report" (PDF). ISC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-10-01. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ "ISC Mission". Internet Systems Consortium. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ "ISC Spins Off Its Security Business Unit". Internet Systems Consortium. 2 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2020-09-05. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ "ISC 2019 Year in Review". Internet Systems Consortium. 13 January 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^ "Nominum Inc history". Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2008-12-04. David Conrad founded Nominum in 1999 to develop BIND9 and ISC DHCP3 for the Internet Software Consortium
^ "OpenBSD: Copyright Policy". openbsd.org. Retrieved 5 March 2024.
^ "ISC Software Licenses". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 16 September 2020. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
^ "Milestone Agreement Reached Between ICANN, and F Root Server Operator, Internet Systems Consortium". ICANN. Archived from the original on 2008-07-03. Retrieved 2020-09-14.
^ Usenet Hierarchy FAQ Section 4.
^ "Internet host count history". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on May 18, 2012. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
^ "ISC Internet Domain Survey". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2008-11-17. Retrieved 2009-04-11.
^ "Internet Domain Survey, January 2017". Internet Systems Consortium. Archived from the original on 2024-06-25. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
^ "ISC ends Internet Domain Survey". Internet Systems Consortium. 26 August 2019. Archived from the original on 29 June 2021. Retrieved 14 September 2020.