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David S. Ingalls Rink
"The Whale"
Location	73 Sachem St; New Haven, Connecticut, US
Owner	Yale University
Operator	Yale University
Capacity	3,500 (when configured for hockey)
Surface	200 x 85 ft (hockey)
Construction
Broke ground	1953
Opened	1958
Renovated	2009
Construction cost	$1.5 Million
Architect	Eero Saarinen
Structural engineer	Severud Associates
Tenants
	Yale Bulldogs (men's and women's hockey)

David S. Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink in New Haven, Connecticut, designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. It is commonly referred to as The Whale, due to its shape. The building was constructed for $1.5 million, which was double its original cost estimate. It seats 3,500 people and has a maximum ceiling height of 23 meters (75 ft). The building is named for David S. Ingalls, Yale class of 1920, and David S. Ingalls, Jr., Yale class of 1956, both of whom were hockey captains. Members of the Ingalls family were the primary benefactors of the arena. The building was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list, created in 2007 by the American Institute of Architects.^[1]

Structural system

The rink employs an innovative structural system employing a 90-meter reinforced concrete arch, a catenary arch form for which Saarinen's projects became known. From the arch a cable net is strung, supporting a timber roof. This causes a stable, double curvature form. Exterior cables linking the arch directly to the outer edges of the roof were added during structural design development. These cables address forces caused by asymmetrical wind loads. Fred N. Severud was the structural engineer for the project.^{[citation needed]}

Bombing

On May 1, 1970, several rock bands were playing a concert in Ingalls Rink as part of the protests on New Haven Green against the Black Panther trials.^[2] Shortly before midnight and towards the end of the concert, two bombs exploded in the north end of the rink's basement.^[2] The explosions caused no injuries, but shattered the building's glass doors and caused cracks to form in its arch.^[2] No culprit was ever identified, and both Yale President Kingman Brewster and New Haven Police Chief James Ahern contended that either pro- or anti-Panther partisans could have planted the devices.^[3]^[4]

Renovations

The building has been renovated by Kevin Roche and Roche-Dinkeloo, the firm which is a direct outgrowth of Eero Saarinen and Associates.^[5] In 1991, a new concrete refrigerant slab was added at a cost of $1.5 million.^{[citation needed]}

In 2007, it was announced that the rink would undergo a $23.5 million renovation which would include approximately 13,000 square feet (1,200 m²) of varsity operational space as well as a complete renovation of the facility, including new men's and women's varsity locker rooms, training and strength and conditioning rooms, an added press box, a lower level hockey heritage area, offices for coaches of both programs, a student-athlete study area, new lights, as well as a sound system and de-humidification unit. The lower level interior would also be decorated with photos displaying the history of Yale hockey. These renovations were completed in 2009.^[6]

References

^ "America's Favorite Architecture". American Institute of Architects. Archived from the original on 2011-05-10. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bass, Paul; Rae, Douglas (2006). Murder in the Model City: The Black Panthers, Yale, and the Redemption of a Killer. Basic Books. pp. 159–160.
^ Kalman, Laura (2006). Yale Law School and the Sixties: Revolt and Reverberations. University of North Carolina Press. p. 212. But when a bomb hit Ingalls Rink during May Day weekend, Brewster, who was anathema to the Nixon administration, "considered it equally likely that the bomb could have been set by a provocateur from the left or right."
^ Donner, Frank (1992). Protectors of Privilege: Red Squads and Police Repression in Urban America. University of California Press. p. 326. A few incidents occurred (the most serious of which was a bombing at the Yale Ingalls Skating Rink; Chief Ahern conjectures that the perpetrators could have been either pro- or anti-Panther), but the weekend passed and the city survived.
^ Genocchio, Benjamin (March 28, 2010). "Saarinen's Work, in 2 Parts, at Yale". The New York Times. Retrieved 2010-03-28.
^ Sharif, Amir (30 October 2009). "The Whale Resurfaces". Yale Daily News. Retrieved 16 March 2015.