Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven

Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven
Hugo von Freytag-Loringhoven (1916)
Born	(1855-05-20)May 20, 1855 Copenhagen, Denmark
Died	October 19, 1924(1924-10-19) (aged 69) Weimar
Allegiance	Prussia
Service / branch	Imperial German Army
Years of service	1877–1924
Rank	General of the Infantry (1918)
Awards	Pour le Mérite (1916)
Children	Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven
Other work	writer, military historian

Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven (May 20, 1855 – October 19, 1924) was a Prussian general and a writer on military matters, being awarded the Pour le Mérite in 1916 for his work as a historian.^[1]

Biography

He was born on May 20, 1855, in Copenhagen, Denmark, the son of a diplomat, Karl von Freytag-Loringhoven (1811–1882). His family was Baltic German and originated in Westphalia.

He entered the Imperial German Army in 1877, a few years after German unification, as a lieutenant. From 1887 to 1896 he taught military history at the Prussian Military Academy in Berlin. He then worked for a while for Alfred von Schlieffen, later being described as "Schlieffen's favorite disciple",^[2] and in 1907 took command of the 12th Regiment of Grenadiers at Frankfurt an der Oder. In 1910 he became Oberquartiermeister, and in December 1913 took command of the 22nd Division at Cassel.

With the mobilisation of troops in 1914 for World War I, he became firstly a liaison officer with the Austro-Hungarian forces. He then returned to the Supreme Army Command as Stellvertretender Generalquartiermeister (Deputy Quartermaster-General), where he became an unofficial adviser to Erich von Falkenhayn although he bemoaned his lack of influence.^[3] He briefly led the 9th Reserve Corps, then the 17th Reserve Division, and in September 1916 went back to the Supreme Army Command. On April 18, 1918, he was promoted to General of the Infantry.

He died on October 19, 1924, in Weimar at the age of 69.

Publications

His published works include:^[1][4][5][6]

• Studien über die Kriegsführung im Sezessionskrieg (1897)
• Deductions from the World War the English translation of Folgerungen aus dem Weltkriege (1918)
• Heerführung Moltke's und Napoleons (1910)
• Generalfeldmarschall Graf Schlieffen (1910)
• A nation trained in arms or a militia? Lessons in war from the past and the present (1918)
• Kriegsführung und Politik (1918)
• Menschen und Dinge, wie ich sie in meinem Leben sah (1923)
• Die Psyche Der Heere (1923)

Family

His son, Baron Leopold von Freytag-Loringhoven, married the Dadaist artist and poet Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven.

See also

• Freytag-Loringhoven

References

1. "Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven". Pour le Merite website. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
2. Robert E. Foley, Note 40, Schlieffen, Alfred von (2003). Military Writings. Psychology press. p. 249. ISBN 9780714649993.
3. Foley 2007, pp. 96–97.
4. Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. Deductions from the World War. Constable and Company Limited, 1918.
5. Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. A Nation Trained in Arms or a Militia? Lessons in War from the Past and the Present. Constable & Company Ltd., 1918.
6. Freytag-Loringhoven, Hugo Friedrich Philipp Johann. Die Psyche Der Heere. E.S. Mittler & Sohn, 1923.

Sources

• Antulio Joseph Echevarria, "General Staff Historian Hugo Freiherr von Freytag-Loringhoven and the Dialectics of German Military Thought", The Journal of Military History, no 60, 1996.
• Foley, R. T. (2007) [2005]. German Strategy and the Path to Verdun: Erich von Falkenhayn and the Development of Attrition, 1870–1916 (pbk. ed.). Cambridge: CUP. ISBN 978-0-521-04436-3.
• Bernd Freiherr Freytag v. Loringhoven, Freytag von Loringhoven: Eine Kurzgefasste Familiengeschichte, Munich, 1986.

Military offices
Preceded by Adolf Wild von Hohenborn	Quartermaster-General of the German Army 21 January 1915 – 29 August 1916	Succeeded by Erich Ludendorff