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Henry Jacob Bigelow
FAAAS
Henry Jacob Bigelow FAAAS
Born	March 11, 1818; Boston, Massachusetts
Died	October 30, 1890 (aged 72); Newton, Massachusetts
Burial place	Mount Auburn Cemetery
Education	Harvard College, A.B. (1837); Harvard University, M.D. (1841);
Occupation(s)	Professor, surgeon
Known for	Ligament of Bigelow
Children	William Sturgis Bigelow
Father	Jacob Bigelow

Henry Jacob Bigelow (March 11, 1818 – October 30, 1890) was an American surgeon and Professor of Surgery at Harvard University. A dominating figure in Boston medicine for many decades, he is remembered for the Bigelow maneuver for hip dislocation, a technique for treatment of kidney stones, and other innovations.^[1]^[2] He was instrumental in bringing the anesthetic possibilities of ether to the attention of medical men, and rescuing the case of Phineas Gage from relative obscurity. He was a vocal opponent of vivisection, and played a minor role in the apprehension of the culprit in the Parkman–Webster murder case.

Biography

Bigelow was born March 11, 1818, in Boston to his mother, Mary Scollay, and his father, Jacob Bigelow who taught medicine at Harvard. Bigelow entered Harvard College at fifteen years old and, after a not entirely smooth undergraduate career (including an incident in which he discharged a musket in his Hollis Hall room) graduated in 1837. He studied medicine both at Harvard University and at Dartmouth College (at the latter, under Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.), receiving his M.D. at Harvard in 1841. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1846.^[3]

His "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation" (1846), detailing the discovery of ether anesthesia, was selected by readers of the New England Journal of Medicine as the "most important article in NEJM history" in commemoration of the journal's 200th anniversary.^[4]^[5] "Dr. Harlow's case of Recovery from the passage of an Iron Bar through the Head" (1850) brought the case of Phineas Gage out of complete obscurity into merely relative obscurity, and largely neutralized remaining skepticism about the case.^[6]^[7]

Bigelow described the structure and function of the Y-ligament of the hip joint in great detail, and it still carries his name.^[8]

In 1878 he published "Lithotrity by a Single Operation", in which he described his a technique for "the crushing and removal of a stone from the bladder at one sitting." Prior to this, surgeons would crush a bladder stone and then spend only a few minutes removing the pieces. The remaining fragments would remain for a later session for removal. This resulted in much discomfort and complications as the remaining fragments found an exit on their own. Removing the entire bladder stone in one procedure was a great advancement.

Bigelow died October 30, 1890, after an accident, at his country home in Newton, Massachusetts. He is buried at Mount Auburn Cemetery. He was survived by one son, William Sturgis Bigelow.^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). "Bigelow, Henry Jacob" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
^ Bigelow, William Sturgis; Bigelow, Henry Jacob (1894). A Memoir of Henry Jacob Bigelow. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. Retrieved May 20, 2017.
^ "Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B" (PDF). American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Retrieved June 25, 2011.
^ Bigelow, Henry Jacob (1846). "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation". Boston Med Surg J. 35 (16): 309–317. doi:10.1056/NEJM184611180351601.
^ The 'most important' NEJM article ever published. advisory.com. 2012-11/-0
^ Harlow, John M (1850). "Dr. Harlow's case of Recovery from the passage of an Iron Bar through the Head". American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 20 (14): 13–22. doi:10.1177/0957154X9300401407. hdl:2027/uc1.31378008338595. S2CID 143934336.
^ "Bibliographical Notice". Boston Medical and Surgical Journal. 3 n.s. (7): 116–7. March 18, 1869.
^ Rutkow, Ira M. (1988). The History of Surgery in the United States, 1775–1900. Norman Publishing. p. 259. ISBN 978-0-930405-02-1.

Bibliography

Harrington, Thomas Francis (1905). Mumford, James Gregory (ed.). The Harvard Medical School: A History, Narrative and Documentary. 1782–1905. Lewis Publishing Company. pp. 835, 853, 858.
Bigelow, Henry (November 18, 1846). "Insensibility during Surgical Operations Produced by Inhalation". Boston Med Surg J. 35 (16): 309–317. doi:10.1056/NEJM184611180351601.