Gilboa Township is one of eleven townships in Benton County, Indiana.[3] As of the 2020 census, its population was 282 and it contained 100 housing units.[4] It is named for Mount Gilboa, a prominence in the southern part of the township.[5] It was created in 1866 out of the northern part of Pine Township, after the petition of 21 residents there.[6]
Gilboa Township is served by the Tri-County School Corporation which also serves Carpenter Township in Jasper County and Princeton, West Point, and Round Grove Townships in White County.