Woodward was an associate judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania from 1852 to 1863 and chief justice from 1863 to 1867. He was an unsuccessful Democratic candidate for governor in 1863.
Woodward was elected as a Democrat to the Fortieth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Charles Denison. He was reelected to the Forty-first Congress. He was not a candidate for renomination in 1870. He was a delegate to the 1868 Democratic National Convention. He was an unsuccessful candidate for president judge of the eleventh judicial district in 1870. He moved to Philadelphia prior to 1860 and continued the practice of law. He was a delegate to the State constitutional convention in 1873. He traveled abroad in 1874 and died in Rome in the Kingdom of Italy in 1875. Interment in Hollenback Cemetery in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania.