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George Stout
FBA
George Stout FBA
Born	George Frederick Stout; 6 January 1860; South Shields, England
Died	18 August 1944; Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Nationality	English
Alma mater	University of Cambridge
Era	Contemporary philosophy
Region	Western philosophy
School	Analytic psychology
Institutions	St John's College, Cambridge; University of Aberdeen; University of Oxford; University of St Andrews;
Main interests	Philosophy of psychology
Notable ideas	Analytic psychology; trope theory;

George Frederick Stout FBA (/staʊt/; 1860–1944), usually cited as G. F. Stout, was a leading English philosopher and psychologist.^[2] He was the father of the philosopher Alan Stout.^[3]

Biography

Born in South Shields on 6 January 1860, Stout studied psychology at the University of Cambridge under James Ward.^[4] Like Ward, Stout employed a philosophical approach to psychology and opposed the theory of associationism.^[5]

It was as a fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge (1884–1896), that Stout published his first work in 1896: the two-volume Analytic Psychology, whose view of the role of activity in intellectual processes was later verified experimentally by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget.^[5] The work contains numerous references to Franz Brentano, Kazimierz Twardowski, Carl Stumpf, Christian von Ehrenfels, and Alexius Meinong.^[6] The term analytic psychology is a translation of Brentano's term descriptive psychology^[1] (cf. also Analytic psychology (Dilthey)).

Stout was appointed to a new lectureship in comparative psychology at the University of Aberdeen in 1896, before becoming reader in mental philosophy at the University of Oxford (1898–1902), where he published his Manual of Psychology in 1899. This work formulated many principles later developed experimentally by the Gestalt school of psychology.^[5] Leaving Oxford, from 1903 to 1936, Stout served as professor of logic and metaphysics at St. Andrews, Fife, where he remained until his retirement in 1936.^[2]

Upon his retirement, Stout left for Australia to be with his son. He died in Sydney on 18 August 1944.

Over the course of his career, Stout taught a number of notable students, including G. E. Moore and Bertrand Russell at Cambridge University.^[7] In addition, from 1891 to 1920, he served as editor of Mind, a leading philosophical journal, and was president of Aristotelian Society from 1899 to 1904. In metaphysics, Stout is well known for his contribution to trope theory, specifically in the form of a 1923 paper for the Aristotelian Society.^[8] He delivered the Gifford Lectures in Edinburgh over 1919–1921, a first volume based on the same, was published as Mind and Matter in 1931. A second volume was published posthumously under the editorship of his son as God & Nature in 1952.^[9]

Significant publications

Analytic Psychology (1896)
Manual of Psychology (2 volumes, 1898–1899)
Studies in Philosophy and Psychology (1930)^[10]
Mind & Matter (1931)^[11]
God & Nature (1952)^[9]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Maria van der Schaar, G. F. Stout and the Psychological Origins of Analytic Philosophy, Springer, 2013, p. 2.
^ ^a ^b "George Frederick Stout, 1860 - 1944, Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, University of St. Andrews". The Gifford Lectures. Templeton Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 July 2023. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
^ Armstrong, D.M. "Alan Ker Stout, 1900-1983" (PDF). Proceedings of the Australian Academy of the Humanities. 12 (1982–1983): 106–109.
^ "Stout, George, Frederick (STT879GF)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
^ ^a ^b ^c "George Frederick Stout". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 19 March 2014.
^ Liliana Albertazzi, Immanent Realism: An Introduction to Brentano, Springer, 2006, p. 321.
^ Maria van der Schaar, G. F. Stout and the Psychological Origins of Analytic Philosophy, Springer, 2013, p. viii.
^ G. F. Stout (1923). "Are The Characteristics of Particular Things Universal or Particular?". Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society (Supplementary). 3: 114–122. doi:10.1093/aristoteliansupp/3.1.95.
^ ^a ^b Lewis, H. D. (1953). "God and Nature". Philosophy. 28 (105): 164–171. ISSN 0031-8191.
^ Broad, C. D. (1931). "Review of Studies in Philosophy and Psychology" (PDF). Mind. 40 (158): 230–234. ISSN 0026-4423. JSTOR 2250257.
^ Broad, C. D. (1932). "Review of Mind and Matter" (PDF). Mind. 41 (163): 351–370. ISSN 0026-4423. JSTOR 2250311.