Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

Gagauz language

Gagauz
Gagauz dili
Gagauzça
Gagauz in Latin and Cyrillic scripts
Pronunciation[ɡɑɡɑˈuzt͡ʃɑ]
Native toMoldova, Ukraine, Russia, Turkey
RegionGagauzia
EthnicityGagauz
Native speakers
148,720 (total speakers), 115,000 (in Moldova) (2014)[1]
Turkic
Latin (Gagauz alphabet, current)
Cyrillic (historical)
Greek (historical)[2]
Official status
Official language in
Gagauzia (Moldova)
Recognised minority
language in
Language codes
ISO 639-3gag
Glottologgaga1249
ELPGagauz
Linguaspherepart of 44-AAB-a
Gagauz is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Gagauz (gagauz dili or gagauzça) is a Turkic language spoken by the Gagauz people of Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey and it is an official language of the Autonomous Region of Gagauzia in Moldova. Gagauz belongs to the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, alongside Azerbaijani, Turkmen, and Turkish. Gagauz is a distinct language from Balkan Gagauz Turkish to some degree.[3][4]

Though it was established as a written language in 1957, Gagauz was not used in schools until 1959.[5] Gagauz is a language derived from Balkan Gagauz Turkish; Balkan linguistics was the first to view the consequences of language contact as normal rather than corrupt.[6] The term "Gagauz language" and the identification of one's language as "Gagauz" were established concurrently with or even after the creation of national self-awareness.[7] About 150,000 Gagauz resided in Moldova in 1986, where they lived in settlements within the Comrat, Ceadîr-Lunga and Vulcănești Rayons.[8] Along with the majority of the Gagauz living in Moldova, there are four other cities in Bulgaria in which the Gagauz reside.[9]

History

Between 1750[citation needed] and 1846, ancestors of the Gagauz today emigrated from the current-day Bulgarian Black Sea coast north of Varna to Russia and settled in the region that is now the current-day Republic of Moldova, allowed to do so on the condition that they converted to Orthodox Christianity by Empress Catherine.[10] In the aftermath of the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the 1994 law on Special Legal Status of Gagauzia was passed in Moldova, which was put into effect in 1995, granting the Gagauz territorial autonomy.[11][12]

Phonology

Consonants

Consonant phonemes of Gagauz
Labial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive/
Affricate
voiceless p t t͡s t͡ʃ k
voiced b d d͡ʒ ɡ
Fricative voiceless f s ʃ h
voiced v z ʒ
Rhotic ɾ~r
Approximant l j

Vowels

Vowel phonemes of Gagauz
Front Central Back
Close i y ɯ u
Mid e ø ə o
Open æ ɑ

Orthography

It appears that the first alphabet to be used for the language was the Greek alphabet[13] in the late 19th century. For example, orientalist Otto Blau claims that plays of Euripides had been translated into the Gagauz language and had been written with Greek letters.[14]

Beginning in 1957, Cyrillic was used until 1993. On May 13, 1993, the parliament of the Republic of Moldova passed a decision providing for the official adoption of the Latin-based alphabet for the Gagauz language.[15] This was subsequently amended in 1996.[16] The Gagauz alphabet adopted is modelled on the modern Turkish alphabet, with the addition of three letters: ⟨ä⟩ to represent the sound of [æ] (as ⟨ə⟩ in Azeri), ⟨ê⟩ to represent the [ə] (schwa) sound, which does not exist in Turkish, and ⟨ţ⟩ to represent the sound [ts] from the Romanian alphabet. On the other hand, unlike Crimean Tatar, Turkish, and some other Turkic languages, Gagauz does not have the letter ⟨ğ⟩, which had become completely silent in the Gagauz language.

Dotted and dotless I are separate letters, each with its own uppercase and lowercase form. I is the capital form of ı, and İ is the capital form of i. The Gagauz alphabet has no q, w or x. Instead, those characters are transliterated into Gagauz as k, v and ks.

Modern Gagauz alphabet:

A a Ä ä B b C c Ç ç D d E e Ê ê
F f G g H h I ı İ i J j K k L l
M m N n O o Ö ö P p R r S s Ş ş
T t Ţ ţ U u Ü ü V v Y y Z z

Current situation

A study in 2012 was conducted on the Gagauz community to assess the current situation and sociocultural context. The findings show that within Gagauzia, official documents, printed publications, and official web sites are only in Russian. The National Passport System in Moldova does not allow the spelling of names in Gagauz. Signposts in Gagauzia are mostly in Romanian, and the names of squares and streets have not changed since the time of the Soviet Union.[17]

Education

Despite various laws that support the rights of citizens to education in their native language, almost all instruction in Gagauzian schools is in Russian. Gagauz, while the native language of all students, is only taught as a "native language" class for a few hours per week.[18] Research has also shown that there are not serious desires or attempts to institute Gagauz as a language of instruction. In a study, 80.6% of respondents preferred Russian as the medium of instruction at schools.[18] There are, however, some notable efforts to increase Gagauz language education.[19] Todur Zanet, editor-in-chief of the Ana Sözü local newspaper, has played an active role in encouraging readers and local authorities to promote instruction in their mother tongue. Zanet has also contributed significantly to efforts to standardize the language and increase its accessibility through print and other mediums.

Media

Ana Sözü is the largest local newspaper in Gagauzia. It is also the only local newspaper still written entirely in Gagauz, and was the first newspaper of any kind published in the Gagauz language. Apart from Ana Sözü, there are various newspapers published in the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia, including Açık Göz, Gagauz Yeri, Gagauz Sesi, Halk Birlii, Novıy Vzgliad, Vesti Gagauzii, and Znamea.

In addition to printed materials, the company Gagauz Radio Televisionu (GRT) produces radio and television broadcasts in Gagauz.

References

  1. ^ Gagauz at Ethnologue (23rd ed., 2020) Closed access icon
  2. ^ Ciachir, M. (1933). Basarabialâ gagauzlarân istoriassi. Chișinău. p. 133.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Language Family Trees: Altaic, Turkic, Southern, Turkish". Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-04-29.
  4. ^ Higgins, Andrew (2023-10-04). "'Our Language Is Dying'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  5. ^ Menz, Astrid (2000). "Indirectivity in Gagauz". In Johanson, Lars; Utas, Bo (eds.). Evidentials: Turkic, Iranian and Neighbouring Languages. Mouton de Gruyter. p. 103. ISBN 978-3-11-080528-4.
  6. ^ Friedman, Victor A. (2011). "The Balkan Languages and Balkan Linguistics". Annual Review of Anthropology. 40: 275–291. doi:10.1146/annurev-anthro-081309-145932. JSTOR 41287733.
  7. ^ Kvilinkova, E. N. (2013). "The Gagauz Language Through the Prism of Gagauz Ethnic Identity". Anthropology & Archeology of Eurasia. 52: 74–94. doi:10.2753/AAE1061-1959520105. S2CID 144122722.
  8. ^ Varsahr, A. M.; Spitsyn, V. A.; Bychcovscaya, L. S.; Kravchuk, O. I. (2001). "To the research of the gene pool of the Gagauz population of Moldavia". Anthropologischer Anzeiger. 59 (1): 11–17. doi:10.1127/anthranz/59/2001/11. JSTOR 29540987. PMID 11360805.
  9. ^ Chinn, Jeff; Roper, Steven D. (1998). "Territorial Autonomy in Gagauzia". Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity. 26 (1): 87–101. doi:10.1080/00905999808408552. S2CID 154359743.
  10. ^ Nasidze, I.; Quinque, D.; Udina, I.; Kunizheva, S.; Stoneking, M. (2007). "The Gagauz, a Linguistic Enclave, are not a genetic isolate". Annals of Human Genetics. 71 (3): 379–389. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2006.00330.x. PMID 17147693. S2CID 21390260.
  11. ^ Protsyk, Oleh (2010). "Gagauz Autonomy in Moldova: The Real and the Virtual in Post-Soviet State Design". In Weller, Marc; Nobbs, Katherine (eds.). Asymmetric Autonomy and the Settlement of Ethnic Conflicts. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 231–251. doi:10.2307/j.ctt3fhcx2.13. ISBN 9780812222388. JSTOR j.ctt3fhcx2.13.
  12. ^ Neukirch, Claus (2002), Autonomy and Conflict Transformation: The Case of the Gagauz Territorial Autonomy In the Republic of Moldova, S2CID 31174219
  13. ^ Ciachir, M. (1933). Basarabialâ gagauzlarân istoriassi. Chișinău. p. 133.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  14. ^ Măcriș, Anatol (2008). Găgăuzii (in Romanian). Bucharest: Editura PACO. p. 71.
  15. ^ Hotărîre Nr. 1421 din 13.05.1993 "pentru trecerea scrisului limbii găgăuze la grafia latină" [Parliament Decision No. 1421 of 13 May 1993 "for the passage of the writing of the Gagauz language in the Latin spelling"] (in Romanian), retrieved 2019-11-03 – via lex.justice.md
  16. ^ Hotărîre Nr. 816 din 24.04.1996 "privind modificarea şi completarea Hotărîrii Parlamentului pentru trecerea scrisului limbii găgăuze la grafia latină" [Parliament Decision No. 816 of 24 April 1996 "on amending and supplementing the Parliament's Decision on the transfer of the Gagauzian writing to the Latin spelling"] (in Romanian), retrieved 2019-11-03 – via lex.justice.md
  17. ^ Sirkeli, M. & Lisenco, S. (2012). "Policy Brief: Implementation of linguistic rights of the Gagauz of Moldova. Integration of the Gagauz Community into the Society of Moldova."
  18. ^ a b Dağdeviren Kırmızı, Gülin (2015). Emotional and Functional Attitudes of Native Speakers Towards Gagauz as an Endangered Language (PhD thesis). Hacettepe University. hdl:11655/1251.
  19. ^ Kahl, Thede. "Die Gagausen und ihre Autonomie. Eine kritische Betrachtung aus der Perspektive der Mehrsprachigkeit (Moldauisch/Rumänisch, Russisch, Gagausisch/Türkisch)". Wiener Romanistische Landeswissenschaft(en), Bachelor Master Studies. 1. Vienna: Praesens: 147–165.

Further reading

  • Kortmann, Bernd; Van der Auwera, Johan, eds. (2011). The Languages and Linguistics of Europe: A Comprehensive Guide. de Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110220261. ISBN 978-3-11-022025-4.
  • Pokrovskaja, Ljudmila A. (1997). "Gagauzskij jazyk". Jazyki mira: Tjurkskie jazyki. Moscow: Indrik. pp. 224–235.
  • Pokrovskaja, Ljudmila A. (1964). Grammatika gagauzskogo jazyka: fonetika i morfologija. Moskva: Nauka.
  • Shabasho, A. V. (2002). Гагаузы: система терминов родства и происхождение народа [Gagauzes: terms of kinship system and origin of the people]. Odesa: Astroprint.
  • Ulutaş, İsmail (2004). Relative clauses in Gagauz syntax. Istanbul: Isis Press. ISBN 975-428-283-8.

External links

Baca informasi lainnya:

Misia / MysiaDaerah Kuno di AnatoliaLokasiAnatolia barat dayaKota terbesarPergamonProvinsi RomawiAsiaLetak Mysia di Anatolia Misia atau Mysia (bahasa Yunani: Μυσία, Turki: Misya) adalah daerah di Asia Kecil atau Anatolia (Turki modern) barat laut. Letaknya adalah di pesisir selatan Laut Marmara. Daerah ini berbatasan dengan Bitinia di sebelah timur, Frigia di sebelah tenggara, Lidia di sebelah selatan, Troad di sebelah barat dan Propontis di sebelah utara. Pada masa kuno, wilayah in…

此條目或其章節极大或完全地依赖于某个单一的来源。 (2023年10月29日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:猜單詞遊戲 — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引) Hangman(“上吊的人”之意),是一個雙人猜单词遊戲。一位玩家想一個字,另一位嘗試猜該玩家所想

Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit dem Automobilhersteller Selve Automobilwerke, für weitere Bedeutungen siehe Selve (Begriffsklärung). Selve Automobilwerke Rechtsform Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung,ab 1921 Aktiengesellschaft Gründung 1919 (Umfirmierung, als GmbH) Auflösung 1934 (Konkurs) Sitz Hameln, später Altena Leitung Ernst Lehmann († 1924), Karl Slevogt (1924–1927), Paul Henze (1928–1929), Wilhelm Lohmann (1925, 1932) Mitarbeiterzahl bis zu 700 Branche Automobilindustrie Er…

City in Texas, United StatesRichmond, TexasCitySt. John's United Methodist Church, designated as a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1983.Motto: A Charming Past. A Soaring Future[1]Location of Richmond, TexasCoordinates: 29°34′56″N 95°45′39″W / 29.58222°N 95.76083°W / 29.58222; -95.76083CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyFort Bendincorporated1837Government • TypeCommission-manager • MayorRebecca Becky Haas[2]Area…

طبيب توليد   فرع من علوم الصحة،  وطب التوليد والنسائيات  المجال طب وجراحة التعليم المطلوب تدريب طبي وتدريب دراسات عليا متخصص حقل التوظيف مستشفيات وعيادات تعديل مصدري - تعديل   التوليد (من الكلمة اللاتينية obstare «الوقوف بجانب») وهو علم من علوم الصحة الذي يتعامل مع رعا

Stephan Turnovszky im Jahre 2012 Stephan Turnovszky (* 21. Juni 1964 in Luzern) ist Weihbischof in der Erzdiözese Wien und Bischofsvikar im Vikariat Unter dem Manhartsberg. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Leben 2 Wappen 3 Weblinks 4 Einzelnachweise Leben Turnovszky wuchs in Wien auf und besuchte ein Gymnasium in Döbling. Zunächst studierte er Technische Chemie an der Technischen Universität Wien und war auch mehrere Jahre beruflich als Chemiker tätig. Zudem ist er seit 1987 ehrenamtlich für den Malte…

Duke of Bavaria from 1550 to 1579 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Albert V, Duke of Bavaria – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Albert VPortrait by Hans MielichDuke of BavariaReign7 March 1550 – 24 October 1579Prede…

Slovenian footballer and manager Tomaž Kavčič Personal informationFull name Tomaž KavčičDate of birth (1953-11-28) 28 November 1953 (age 70)Place of birth Novo Mesto, SFR YugoslaviaHeight 1.74 m (5 ft 9 in)Position(s) MidfielderSenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)1990–1992 Gorica 31 (1)1992–1993 Svoboda 14 (1)Managerial career1997–1998 Črnuče Factor1998–1999 Svoboda2001–2002 Bela Krajina2002–2003 Grosuplje2003 Ljubljana2003–2004 Brinje2004–2005 Bela Kra…

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTORUniversitas Singaperbangsa KarawangLambang UnsikaNama sebelumnyaPerguruan Tinggi Pangkal PerjuanganJenisPerguruan Tingg…

Canadian journalist Jonathan KayBornJonathan Hillel Kay1968 (age 54–55)Montreal, Quebec, CanadaEducationMcGill University (BEng, MEng)Yale University (JD)OccupationsJournalistlawyerSpouseJennifer GoodParentBarbara Kay (mother) Jonathan Hillel Kay (born 1968) is a Canadian journalist. He was the editor-in-chief of The Walrus (2014–2017), and is a senior editor of Quillette.[1] He was previously comment pages editor, columnist, and blogger for the Toronto-based Canadian daily …

This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: multiple citations with missing URLs. Please help improve this article if you can. (October 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Alberta provincial highway system Standard highway markers for AlbertaAlberta's provincial highway system as of 2016Highway namesProvincial HighwaysAlberta Highway XX (Hwy XX)System links Provincial highways in Alberta The Canadian province of Alberta …

Aspect of historyThe article's lead section may need to be rewritten. Please help improve the lead and read the lead layout guide. (September 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Part of a series on the History of Romania Prehistory Cucuteni–Trypillia culture Hamangia culture Bronze Age in Romania Prehistory of Transylvania Antiquity Dacia Dacian Wars Roman Dacia Origin of the Romanians Middle Ages (Early) History of Transylvania Banat in the Middle Ages First Bulgarian Em…

Kemasan plastik terbuat dari bioplastic Bioplastik adalah plastik atau polimer yang secara alamiah dapat dengan mudah terdegradasi baik melalui serangan mikroorganisme maupun oleh cuaca (kelembaban dan radiasi sinar matahari). Bioplastik terbuat dari sumber biomassa seperti minyak nabati, amilum jagung, klobot jagung,[1] amilum ercis,[2] atau mikrobiota[3] seperti Chlorella, Spirulina, Chlorogloea fritschii, Phaedocatylum tricornotum, Calothrix scytonemicola, Scenedesmus …

Investment portfolio which occupies the efficient parts of the risk-return spectrum This article is about a financial mathematical concept. For other frontiers described as efficient, see Production possibilities frontier and Pareto frontier. Efficient Frontier. The hyperbola is sometimes referred to as the Markowitz bullet, and its upward sloped portion is the efficient frontier if no risk-free asset is available. With a risk-free asset, the straight capital allocation line is the efficient fro…

Israeli wines Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year. Wine has been produced in the Land of Israel since biblical times. Wine was exported to Rome during the Roman period, but under the Muslim rulers the production was virtually wiped out. Under the Crusaders, winemaking was temporarily revived. The modern Israeli wine industry was founded by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild,…

New Zealand rugby league footballer For the Jamaican singer, see Jesse Royal (musician). Jesse RoyalPersonal informationFull nameJesse Te Ahukaramu Royal[1]Born (1980-03-22) 22 March 1980 (age 43)Hamilton, New ZealandPlaying informationHeight191 cm (6 ft 3 in)Weight107 kg (16 st 12 lb)PositionProp Club Years Team Pld T G FG P 2007–08 Newcastle Knights 29 3 0 0 12 2009–10 New Zealand Warriors 36 2 0 0 8 Total 65 5 0 0 20 Source: [2] Jess…

American priest and biblical scholar (1928-1998) The Rev. Dr.Raymond E. BrownPSSBorn(1928-05-22)May 22, 1928New York City, U.S.DiedAugust 8, 1998(1998-08-08) (aged 70)Menlo Park, California, U.S.Occupation(s)Biblical scholar, Catholic priest in Society of Saint-SulpiceYears active1955–1998Known forFirst tenured Catholic scholar at Union Theological SeminaryAcademic backgroundAlma materSt. Mary's University, BaltimoreThesisThe Sensus Plenior of Sacred Scripture (1955)Academi…

Untuk film, lihat Di Sini Ada Setan the Movie. Di Sini Ada Setan!GenreHororSutradaraO’ok CemenkPemeran Lia Ananta Nagita Slavina Diva Nadia Jennifer Arnelita Indri Satiya Intan Ayu Purnama Thomas Nawilis Rionaldo Stockhorst Arifin Putra Tahir Hadiwijoyo Ajee Fubby Negara asalIndonesiaBahasa asliBahasa IndonesiaJmlh. episode76ProduksiProduser eksekutifElly Yanti NoorProduserLeo SutantoRumah produksiLenza FilmDistributorSurya Citra MediaRilisJaringan asliSCTVRilis asli13 Oktober 2003 (2003-…

Battle of Intramuros may also refer to the several Battles fought over Manila. [Interactive fullscreen map + nearby articles] Locations of (1) Letran, (2) Lyceum, and (3) Mapúa The Battle of Intramuros is the rivalry between Colegio de San Juan de Letran Knights and Mapúa Institute of Technology Cardinals; both are walking distance from each other at Manila's Intramuros district. The rivalry is played at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (Philippines). The rivalry is notable in whic…

This article is about the Blackadder episode. For the First World War song, see Good-bye-ee! 6th episode of the 4th series of Blackadder GoodbyeeeBlackadder episodeGeneral Melchett catches Blackadder pretending to be mad. Melchett represents the lions led by donkeys perception of the war,[1] and is an amalgam of Douglas Haig and John French, among others.Episode no.Series 4Episode 6Directed byRichard BodenWritten by Richard Curtis Ben Elton Produced byJohn LloydOriginal air date2 No…

13th episode of the 3rd season of Fringe ImmortalityFringe episodeFringe Division investigates a man's death, caused by flesh-eating skelter beetles (seen in background)Episode no.Season 3Episode 13Directed byBrad AndersonWritten byDavid WilcoxEthan GrossProduction code3X6113Original air dateFebruary 11, 2011 (2011-02-11)Guest appearances Seth Gabel as Lincoln Lee Kirk Acevedo as Charlie Francis Philip Winchester as Frank Stanton Ryan McDonald as Brandon Fayette Alon Abutbul …

2000 novel by Brian Herbert and Kevin J. Anderson Dune: House Harkonnen First edition coverAuthorsBrian HerbertKevin J. AndersonAudio read byScott BrickCover artistStephen YoullCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishSeriesPrelude to DuneGenreScience fictionPublisherSpectraPublication date2000Media typePrint (hardback & paperback)Pages624ISBN0-553-11072-1OCLC43903779Dewey Decimal813/.54 21LC ClassPS3558.E617 D87 2000Preceded byDune: House Atreides Followed …

Indigenous peoples of northern North America This article is about the peoples of Arctic North America. For the Indigenous people of Labrador and Quebec, see Innu. For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). Inuk redirects here. For the film, see Inuk (film). InuitIglulingmiut Inuit women and child in traditional parkas (1999)Total population155,792[1][2][3][4]Regions with significant populationsCanada70,540 (2021)[1]Greenland51,479 (2023)[2]United…

2017 Construction and management simulation video game 2017 video gameDungeons 3Developer(s)Realmforge StudiosPublisher(s)Kalypso MediaDirector(s)Christian WolfertstetterProducer(s)Benjamin RauscherDesigner(s)Sebastian NussbaumerComposer(s)Michael RotherPlatform(s)LinuxmacOSMicrosoft WindowsPlayStation 4Xbox OneNintendo SwitchReleaseLinux, macOS, Windows, PlayStation 4, Xbox OneOctober 13, 2017Nintendo SwitchSeptember 15, 2022Genre(s)Strategy, simulationMode(s)Single-player, multiplayer Dungeons…

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Дрова (значения). Поленница дров в Дании Дрова́ — куски дерева, лесоматериалы, предназначенные для сжигания в печи, камине, топке или костре с целью получения тепла и света. Содержание 1 Теплотворность дров 2 Дрова с юридическ…

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (December 2008) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the French article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedi…

Diplomatic mission of the Philippines in Denmark Embassy of the Philippines, CopenhagenPasuguan ng Pilipinas sa CopenhagenFilippinernes ambassade i København LocationCopenhagenAddressArne Jacobsens Allé 13Coordinates55°37′54.6″N 12°34′36.8″E / 55.631833°N 12.576889°E / 55.631833; 12.576889AmbassadorLeo M. Herrera-LimWebsitecopenhagenpe.dfa.gov.ph The Embassy of the Philippines in Copenhagen is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the …

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. LailiGua LailiLokasi di Timor LesteLokasidekat Laleia, ManatutoWilayahTimor LesteKoordinat8°32′27″S 126°09′48″E / 8.5409°S 126.1632°E / -8.5409; 126.1632JenisGua batu kapur Laili adalah sebuah gua batu kapur yang terle…

Concert choir of the Vienna Musikverein Gustav Mahler: Symphonie No. 8 (2009) – Wiener Singverein – Slovenský filharmonický zbor – Wiener Sängerknaben – Staatskapelle Berlin – Pierre Boulez in Goldener Saal of the Vienna Musikverein The Vienna Singverein (Singverein der Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde in Wien) is the concert choir of the Vienna Musikverein with around 230 members. It is regularly requested by top orchestras and conductors for large and varied projects. History In 1812…

Ron Carter, 2008.He is the most-recorded bassist in jazz history, with appearances on over 2,200 albums.[1] This list of jazz bassists includes performers of the double bass and since the 1950s, and particularly in the jazz subgenre of jazz fusion which developed in the 1970s, electric bass players. Jazz bassist Charles Mingus was also an influential bandleader and composer whose musical interests spanned from bebop to free jazz. The most influential jazz double bassists from the 1940s a…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya