Gabriel Moraga (1765 – June 14, 1823) was a Sonoran-born Californio explorer and army officer. He was the son of the expeditionary José Joaquín Moraga who helped to lead the de Anza Expedition to California in 1774.[1] Like his father, Moraga is one of the most notable Spanish expeditionaries in the history of Alta California and the origin of the names of many of the most notable rivers and cities of Northern California and the Central Valley.
The second expedition included a group of colonists for settlement at the newly established San Francisco Presidio, Mission San Francisco de Asís and Mission Santa Clara de Asís. The colonists included the Moraga family. José Moraga became commander of the garrison at San Francisco Presidio, and Gabriel became a soldier as well.
Early career
As a corporal, Gabriel Moraga was appointed comisionado (military administrator) of the Pueblo of San Jose, some years after its establishment by his father in 1777. When another civilian town, the Villa de Branciforte, was established in 1797 (part of today's city of Santa Cruz), Corporal Moraga was transferred to the same position there and was replaced at San Jose by Corporal Ignacio Vallejo, father of Mariano Vallejo.[2]
Central Valley
Gabriel Moraga was one of the first Europeans to see the Central Valley of California. He led the first official Spanish expeditions to explore the valley in 1806–1808 and encountered numerous villages, including the village of Wá’peat.[3] Many of the names which Moraga gave to places in the region (especially rivers) have survived, often in shortened and/or anglicized form:
Sacramento River, after Moraga's Río del Sacramento (River of the Sacrament), later applied to the capital of California and its county (originally, Moraga had used the term Río del Sacramento to refer to Feather River only, while the lower Sacramento river was known as Río de San Francisco)[4]
Merced River, which Moraga named Río de Nuestra Señora de la Merced (River of Our Lady of Mercy), later applied to the city of Merced and Merced County
Kings River, which he named Río de los Santos Reyes (River of the Holy Kings), later applied to Kings County
Not all of Moraga's place names have survived. Today's Stanislaus River was named Rio de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe by Moraga. Even at the early date of Moraga's expedition, the name was redundant. Today's Guadalupe River was named in 1776 by the de Anza expedition.
