Free Tibet

For other uses, see Free Tibet (disambiguation).

Free Tibet
Founded1987
TypeNon-profit
Location
Key people
Daniel Russell (chair), Sam Walton (chief executive)
Websitewww.freetibet.org

Free Tibet (FT) is a non-profit, non-governmental organisation, founded in 1987 and based in London, England. According to their mission statement, Free Tibet advocates for "a free Tibet in which Tibetans are able to determine their own future and the human rights of all are respected."[1]

According to their website, FT campaigns for an "end to China's occupation of Tibet and for international recognition of Tibetans' right to freedom". The organisation is a member of the International Tibet Network (ITN), a worldwide group of affiliated organisations campaigning for human rights and self-determination in Tibet.[2] They mobilize active support for the Tibetan cause, champion human rights, and challenge those whose actions sustain what they see as occupation.

Current activity

Political prisoners

As a result of China's censorship, many political dissenters are arrested and imprisoned for promoting or expressing religious, social, economic, and political principles the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) disapproves of.[3][4] FT seeks the release of political prisoners through lobbying political leaders, circulating petitions, and organising urgent action campaigns. This approach has been successful in securing the early release of prominent political prisoners such as Phuntso Nyidon,[5] reducing Tenzin Delek Rinpoche's sentence from a death sentence to life in prison and was possibly influential in ensuring Runggye Adak's relatively low-length sentence in 2007. FT maintains a list of current prisoners, released prisoners, and those that have received death sentences.[6]

In its 2022 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: China (Includes Hong Kong, Macau, and Tibet), the U.S. State Department cited FT's report on driver Rinchen Dorjee's release by the CCP authorities after nine months of incommunicado detention in police custody.[7]

Save Larung Gar

In June 2016, FT received reports that Larung Gar Buddhist Academy in eastern Tibet was soon to undergo a series of evictions and demolitions.[8] An order issued by the government of Serta County stated that the population was to be reduced to a maximum of 5,000 residents over the next 15 months, down from the well over 10,000 living there at the time. The order also imposed a system of joint management on the monastery, with Chinese Communist Party officials outnumbering monastic officials three to two under the new regime. The monastery was also required to hand over financial management to Chinese authorities.[8] The work at Larung Gar began on 20 July 2016, as residents were moved out and their residences demolished.[9] Free Tibet was able to garner media attention for the situation at Larung Gar with stories in the BBC,[10] The Times[11] and The New York Times[12] among others.[13] Free Tibet helped to organise a series of world-wide protests at Chinese embassies[14] and also initiated an online petition and various emailing campaigns directed at the United Front Work Department, Chinese embassies and foreign ministers. Following on from these, the situation at Larung Gar was brought up by the US State Department,[15] the Tom Lantos Human Rights Commission[14] as well as various Canadian and British MPs.[16][17]

Past campaigns

InterContinental: Parasites in Paradise

In 2013 FT launched the Parasites in Paradise campaign to protest Intercontinental Hotels' opening of the Lhasa Paradise Hotel in Tibet.

Together with Students for a Free Tibet, FT called for a boycott of InterContinental Hotels, asserting that the Lhasa Paradise Hotel was little more than a "PR coup for the Chinese government" and that the marginalisation of the Tibetan people will only increase with the building of the hotel.[18] On their website Free Tibet writes that, "Intercontinental will sell the image of a peaceful, spiritual and unspoiled land, but after more than 60 years of military occupation by the world's largest dictatorship, Tibet is no paradise."[19] Additionally, it has been argued that the Tibetan people themselves would not benefit from any jobs or opportunities which would be created by the hotel's opening as the hotel's staff will speak Chinese, a language most Tibetans do not speak. Tibetan illiteracy is a major concern of many activists and scholars as Chinese is the language of economic, social, and political life in Tibet.[20][21]

In addition to the boycott, Free Tibet sent a petition of over 10,500 signatures to InterContinental's chief executive Richard Solomons. The petition called for Solomons to pull InterContinental out of Lhasa because IHG's operation of a hotel in Tibet, where China's human rights violations have been especially prominent, "is in direct contradiction to Intercontinental's Corporate Social Responsibility policies." Free Tibet also organised protests in London in an effort to sway InterContinental.[22][23]

Stop Torture campaign

Investigations into China's human rights situation have shown that torture is used routinely in many prisons and interrogations.[24] In 2008 Free Tibet submitted evidence to the UN Committee Against Torture in Geneva detailing the record of abuse inside Tibet. Subsequently, the UN Committee concluded that torture in Tibet is "widespread and routine".[25]

FT has also worked alongside celebrities such as Alan Rickman, David Threlfall, Juliet Stevenson, and Dominic West to record testimonies of tortured Tibetans.[26] The organisation used the video testimonies to create more awareness and urge people to take action by writing to William Hague and Chinese political representatives to put a stop to torture in Tibet.[27]

In 2004 Free Tibet organised a UK tour for Palden Gyatso, a Tibetan monk who was arrested during the Chinese invasion of Tibet.[28] Gyatso spent 33 years in Chinese prisons and labor camps enduring systematic torture after being arrested for calling for Tibet's freedom.[29][30] Gyatso was released in 1992 and escaped to India, he has since toured the world spreading awareness about human rights violations in Tibet. During the 2004 tour he spoke at numerous conventions, and events.[31] In Tibet, Tibetans are subjected to ongoing torture and mistreatment by the Chinese government, who accuse them of jeopardizing "national security" or "inciting separatism" among their community.[32]

In February 2015 Free Tibet joined with their research partner, Tibet Watch, to write a report on Chinese torture in Tibet.[33][34] The report, "Torture in Tibet", it was submitted to the United Nations Committee Against Torture. "Torture in Tibet" documents torture survivor testimonies from Golog Jigme, Tenzin Namgyal, and Kelsang Tsundue, Tibetan deaths in custody, deaths resulting from torture, and a number of prisoners who they believe to be at particular risk of torture.[35] The use of torture is widespread and routine in the restive Chinese region of Tibet, and authorities routinely ignore legal safeguards to prevent it.[36]

Confucius Classrooms: Hosting a Dragon

Free Tibet launched their Confucius Classroom campaign in order to spread awareness about the negative aspects of Hanban's Confucius Institute. The Confucius Institute is a program run through the organisation Hanban which is directed by the People's Republic of China Ministry of Education. Confucius Institutes are established over 500 Confucius Institutes in Universities and well over 600 Confucius Classrooms in schools overseas.[37] Although Confucius Classrooms focus on language and culture, the Hanban employed tutors must also promote an "understanding of China" and the tutors are banned from teaching about certain aspects of Chinese history, culture, and society.[37][38] The program has been labeled by some as propagandistic and has been criticised for limiting academic freedom[39] and thought through self-censorship.[40] This controversy was enhanced when a senior Chinese politician described the programme as "an important part of China's 'overseas propaganda set-up'".[41]

FT has been providing media updates,[42] press releases, and news stories regarding Confucius Classrooms in the UK.[43] The organisation has also reached out to schools operating Confucius Classrooms and provided them with teaching materials to ensure that students also learn about the humanitarian and environmental issues surrounding Tibet. Additionally, Free Tibet calls for public action through contacting local Ministry of Education officials.

Jailed Musicians

Through their Jailed Musicians campaign Free Tibet works to bring awareness to the global community of China's censorship laws.[44] The organisation lists ten different musicians who have been arrested and imprisoned because of their artistic works, however many other unlisted Tibetan musicians have been detained.[45] Free Tibet approached the UN and in a joint urgent appeal asked for an official inquiry into the whereabouts of each musician as many of the artists' whereabouts are unknown. The UN responded and China was forced to provide information concerning the trials, whereabouts, and sentences of most of the jailed singers. However Chinese officials could not account for the whereabouts or conditions of two different men who had also been arrested.[46] The charge laid against the musicians was for, "seditiously splitting the state", and the men received sentences ranging two to six years; however many of the imprisoned singers were held without a trial or legal representation for extended periods of time.[46] Free Tibet calls for the release of the jailed singers, stating, "Music is a vital part of Tibetans' resistance to Chinese rule. Singers like these not only keep alive a culture that China is trying to erase from the world, but their songs embody the aspirations, fears and courage of a people who remain and defiant after 60 years of occupation."[47] The campaign focuses on educating the public about the censorship and oppression of art and expression in China while also advocating for the imprisoned men through a petition and through lobbying domestic and foreign politicians.[48]

Break the Silence

Free Tibet launched their Break the Silence campaign to highlight the reluctance of world leaders to publicly speak out in support of Tibet. China's foreign policy surrounding the Dalai Lama is strict and world leaders' meetings with the Dalai Lama oftentimes causes major friction with China.[49][50]

The campaign encourages supporters to write to world leaders and ask them to speak out for Tibet.[51] Two videos were developed by Free Tibet, one featuring David Cameron and one featuring Barack Obama.[52]

Olympics protests

In March 2008 Free Tibet reported extensively on the unrest in Tibet which precipitated a series of large scale protests. Tibet Support Groups (TSGs) continue to gather evidence about the protests, their suppression and repercussions.[53]

During the process of securing an Olympics bid from the International Olympic Committee (IOC), China promised to improve its human rights record.[54] Wang Wei, head of the bid committee was quoted saying, "We are confident that the Games coming to China not only promote our economy but also enhance all social conditions, including education, health and human rights."[55] However, China largely failed to improve its human rights abuses[56] and major news sources around the world criticised both the Chinese government for failing to fulfil its promise[57] and the IOC for not being more discerning in its choice for the 2008 Olympics.[58][59] Activists argued that China's human rights violations were incompatible with the spirit of the Olympic Games.

Free Tibet worked to expose Chinese human rights violations through helping to organise and participating in large scale rallies in central London during the 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay in which thousands of Tibet supporters filled the streets.[60][61] The magnitude of the protests was such that China and the IOC were forced, in a move that was highly publicised, to reduce and re-route relays in other cities.[62][63]

Following the Olympics, China analysts speculated on the possibility that the authorities would begin dealing harshly with Tibetan dissenters after world attention moved off Beijing.[64]

Again in 2012, Free Tibet started a campaign with a focus on the Olympics, the new campaign was titled Fly the Flag. In order to highlight China's illegal occupation of Tibet, Free Tibet encouraged supporters to send in pictures of themselves with the flag of Tibet at Olympic locations around London and Great Britain.[65] Through this campaign Free Tibet also exposed the IOC's ban on the Tibetan flag at the Olympics.[66] Fly the Flag especially highlights Chinese suppression of Tibetan freedom of expression as the Tibetan flag itself is banned in China and anyone in possession of the flag or its image is subject to official questioning and arrest.[67]

Olympics 2022

Free Tibet unsuccessfully created a petition calling for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to refrain from giving the bid for the 2022 Winter Olympics to Beijing. In 2008 when Beijing hosted the summer Olympics, China promised to improve its human rights record before the Olympic Games.[55] However China failed to ameliorate their human rights abuses and instead continued to oppress citizens and media outlets.[55][68] On the basis of continued human rights violations, Free Tibet argued that China should not be considered a suitable place for the 2022 Winter Olympics.[69]

On 10 June 2015 Free Tibet worked with the International Tibet Network to stage a protest outside of the Lausanne Palace Hotel in Lausanne, Switzerland. The protest was successful in disrupting the bid process and in catching the attention of international media.[70][71]

Another Perfect Day in Tibet

In 2014, a Free Tibet investigation uncovered around 100 fake online accounts Chinese authorities were using propagandistically.[72] The accounts had fake western names and photographs taken from randomly chosen websites and personal accounts.[73] Each fake profile circulated pro-Chinese, anti-Dalai Lama propaganda in an attempt to convince followers that Tibet was free from humanitarian and environmental strife[74] and portrayed it as an idyllic and peaceful province of China.[75] Free Tibet wrote that, "China is highly sensitive to any signs of international support for Tibetan freedom and has declared its intention to 'win over' Western public opinion on the issue. Its message is that Tibetans have benefited hugely from Chinese investment and that the environment and culture of Tibet is protected and safe in China's hands", in its exposition of the propaganda campaign.[76] Twitter removed the fake accounts after Free Tibet submitted an official complaint to the social media executives.[77]

See also

References

  1. ^ "About Free Tibet". Free Tibet. Archived from the original on 2 July 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  2. ^ "About Us". International Tibet Network. 17 December 2012. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  3. ^ "China: List of Political Prisoners Detained or Imprisoned as of October 10, 2014" (PDF). United States Congress Congressional-Executive Commission on China Political Prisoner Database.
  4. ^ "China's game with political prisoners". Human Rights Watch. 6 December 2003. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  5. ^ "China 'frees' nun after 15 years". BBC. 26 February 2004. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  6. ^ "Political prisoners". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  7. ^ "Tibet". United States Department of State. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Buddhist monastery at risk of demolition". Free Tibet. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  9. ^ "Demolitions begin at Larung Gar". Free Tibet. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  10. ^ "Larung Gar: China 'destroys buildings' at Tibetan Buddhist academy". BBC News. 22 July 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  11. ^ "Thousands homeless as China destroys Tibetan Buddhist academy". The Times. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  12. ^ Wong, Edward (27 July 2016). "Tibetan Groups Upset Over China's Demolition Work at Buddhist Institute". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  13. ^ Beech, Hannah (29 July 2016). "Chinese Tourists Love Tibet. But Does Tibet Love Them Back?". Time. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  14. ^ a b "Protesters turn out for Larung Gar on Day of Action". Free Tibet. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  15. ^ "US State Department criticises demolitions at Larung Gar". Free Tibet. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  16. ^ "Canadian MP expresses sadness over demolishing of Larung Gar in Tibet". The Free World. 24 August 2016. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  17. ^ "Tibet Society". tibetsociety.com. Retrieved 24 November 2016.
  18. ^ Branigan, Tania (23 May 2013). "Tibetan activists launch boycott of InterContinental over hotel plans". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  19. ^ "About the hotel". Free Tibet. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  20. ^ Sautman, B. (2003). "Cultural Genocide and Tibet". Texas International Law Journal. 38 (2): 173–246.
  21. ^ "Illiteracy in Tibet 'horrendous' says UN expert - International Campaign for Tibet". 30 March 2004. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  22. ^ "Protests against InterContinental hotel plan for Lhasa, Tibet". The Telegraph. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  23. ^ "Lhasa Faces 'Disneyfication' Specter With Hotel Plan". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  24. ^ "Tiger Chairs and Cell Bosses: Police Torture of Criminal Suspects in China". Human Rights Watch. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  25. ^ "Consideration of reports submitted by states parties under article 19 of the Convention" (PDF). Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  26. ^ "Videos". Free Tibet. Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  27. ^ "Torture in Tibet". Archived from the original on 27 May 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2012.
  28. ^ Rosenthal, A. M. (11 April 1995). "On My Mind; You Are Palden Gyatso". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  29. ^ "Palden Gyatso". rangzen.com. Archived from the original on 28 February 2001. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  30. ^ "Tibetan tells of Chinese torture". Independent.co.uk. 26 February 1995. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  31. ^ "HH Dalai Lama visit to Glasgow in Scotland UK, May 2004". lobsangrampa.net. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  32. ^ Tsering, Dawa (26 June 2022). "End the Horrific Torture of Tibetan Prisoners and Obey the Convention Against Torture". Central Tibetan Administration. Retrieved 8 July 2023.
  33. ^ "Report submitted to UN highlights shocking use of torture in Tibet". thetibetpost.com. 19 March 2015. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  34. ^ "UNPO: Tibet: Report Highlights Use of Torture against Prisoners". unpo.org. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  35. ^ "Torture in Tibet" (PDF). tibetwatch.org. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  36. ^ James Tapper (4 October 2014). "Torture is the new normal in Tibet". Salon.com. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  37. ^ a b "HanBan-Confucius Institute/ClassRoom-About Confucius Institute/ClassRoom". english.hanban.org. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  38. ^ Sudworth, John (22 December 2014). "Confucius institute: The hard side of China's soft power". BBC News. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  39. ^ "About-face". The Economist. 26 September 2014. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  40. ^ "Confucius says". The Economist. 13 September 2014. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  41. ^ "A message from Confucius". The Economist. 22 October 2009. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  42. ^ Espinoza, Javier (30 March 2015). "'UK schools advance Chinese propaganda,' activists say". Daily Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  43. ^ "Countering China's Influence". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  44. ^ Han, Si (October 2012). "All that is Banned is Desired" (PDF).
  45. ^ "Another Singer Arrested in China for Praising Tibetan Identity and Culture". Global Voices. 28 May 2014. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  46. ^ a b "The joint urgent appeal (UAG/SO 218/2 Cultural Rights (2009) G/SO 217/1 G/SO 214 (67-17) Assembly & Association (56-23) Minorities (2005-4) CHN 1/2014 ) sent on the 3rd of February" (PDF). Joint Urgent Appeal Response. United Nations. 30 April 2014.
  47. ^ "Unsung heroes". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  48. ^ "Jailed musicians". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  49. ^ "No apology from Downing Street over Dalai Lama meeting". 7 May 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  50. ^ "China media criticise Dalai Lama-Obama meeting". BBC News. 6 February 2015. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  51. ^ Baggini, Julian (19 June 2012). "Why it's not the Dalai Lama's job to break the silence on Tibet | Julian Baggini". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  52. ^ "FreeTibetUK". YouTube. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  53. ^ "Uprising in Tibet" (PDF). Tibet Protests 2008. UN, EU & Human Rights Desk Department of Information and International Relations (DIIR) Central Tibetan Administration (CTA). 2008.
  54. ^ Longman, Jere (14 July 2001). "OLYMPICS; Beijing Wins Bid for 2008 Olympic Games". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  55. ^ a b c Spencer, Richard (29 July 2008). "Beijing Olympics; Human rights abuses getting worse". Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  56. ^ "China". Amnesty International USA. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  57. ^ "China: Olympics Harm Key Human Rights". Human Rights Watch. 6 August 2008. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  58. ^ "China falls short on Olympic promises, critics say - CNN.com". edition.cnn.com. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  59. ^ Beijing, By (25 June 2008). "Beijing Olympics 2008: Tibet policy angers IOC chiefs". Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  60. ^ "Olympic torch relay sparks pro-Tibet protests in London". The Guardian. 6 April 2008. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  61. ^ Lewis, Paul; Kelso, Paul (7 April 2008). "Thousands protest as Olympic flame carried through London". the Guardian. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  62. ^ Allison, Kevin (10 April 2008). "US Olympic torch relay rerouted". Financial Times. ISSN 0307-1766. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  63. ^ Burns, John F. (7 April 2008). "Protests of China Make Olympic Torch Relay an Obstacle Course". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  64. ^ Lam, Willy (22 August 2008). "The Crackdown to Come". Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 13 June 2019.
  65. ^ "Fly The Flag". Flickr - Photo Sharing!. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  66. ^ "Olympic organisers ban Tibetan flag". 18 July 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2015.
  67. ^ Sautman, Barry (2005). Contemporary Tibet: Politics, Development, and Society in a Disputed Region. London: Routledge. pp. 77–78.
  68. ^ Kelso, Paul (30 August 2004). "Human rights shadow over Beijing games". the Guardian. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  69. ^ "Urgent: Stop China winning the Olympics again". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  70. ^ "Tibetan Protesters Disrupt Beijing Bid at Lausanne Hotel". The New York Times. 10 June 2015. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  71. ^ "Tibetan Protesters Disrupt Beijing Bid at Lausanne Hotel". ABC News. Retrieved 11 June 2015.
  72. ^ "#ChinaSpam on Twitter". Flickr. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  73. ^ Demick, Barbara. "Dozens of pro-China Twitter accounts outed by Free Tibet as fakes". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  74. ^ http://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/1-TSG-2010.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  75. ^ Jacobs, Andrew (21 July 2014). "It's Another Perfect Day in Tibet!". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  76. ^ "Success! Twitter removes all fake propaganda accounts". Free Tibet. Retrieved 4 June 2015.
  77. ^ "Evidence of abuse of Twitter for Tibet propaganda" (PDF). Free Tibet. 21 July 2014. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 January 2015.

Read other articles:

بوسي (تشيشير)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع بوسي (توضيح). بوسي   الإحداثيات 53°23′50″N 2°36′30″W / 53.3973°N 2.6084°W / 53.3973; -2.6084  تقسيم إداري  البلد المملكة المتحدة  معلومات أخرى منطقة زمنية ت ع م±00:00  WA5 0  رمز الهاتف 01925  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   بوسي (بالإنجليزية: Bewsey)‏ هي قرية ...

 

Serous fluid

Transparent or pale-colored body fluid resembling serum This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Serous fluid – news · newspapers · books · scho...

 

Phantasmagoria (The Damned album)

Edward the Bear redirects here. For Canadian band, see Edward Bear. For the character later known as Winnie the Pooh, see When We Were Very Young. 1985 studio album by the DamnedPhantasmagoriaStudio album by the DamnedReleasedJuly 1985RecordedMarch–June 1985StudioEel Pie, LondonGenreGothic rock[1]Length39:19LabelMCAProducer Jon Kelly Bob Sargeant The Damned The Damned chronology Strawberries(1982) Phantasmagoria(1985) Anything(1986) Singles from Phantasmagoria Grimly Fiendis...

ميكي ستانلي

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019) ميكي ستانلي   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 20 يوليو 1942 (81 سنة)  غراند رابيدز  مواطنة الولايات المتحدة  الحياة العملية المهنة لاعب كرة قاعدة[1]  الرياضة

 

Чаїр (община)

Чаїр Општина Чаир Герб Общини Чаїр Прапор Общини Чаїр Адм. центр Скоп'є Країна Північна Македонія Регіон Greater Skopjed Номерний знак SK Офіційна мова македонська Населення  - повне 64 823  - густота 18 415,63 осіб/км² Площа  - повна 3,52 км² Часовий пояс CET Вебсайт cair.gov.mk Код ISO 3166...

 

Battle of Troina

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Battle of Troina – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Battle of TroinaPart of the Allied invasion of Sicily, World War IITroina during World War IIDateJuly 31, 1943 – August 6, 1943Lo...

廣東工業專科學校

廣東工業專科學校，簡稱廣東工專，是民國時期的一所專科學校，也是當今华南理工大学的前身學校之一。 沿革 廣東工業專科學校的原址曾是稱作“离明观”的花園，在郑观应的請求下，两广总督批准將它劃歸广东工艺局[1]。1860年到1880年之間拍攝。 工艺局时期 工专的前身为晚清政府广东劝业道于1910年8月在广州增埗设置的广东工艺局。1911年10月，工艺局第一次停办...

 

Moche culture

Culture that flourished 100 to 700 AD in Peru This article is about the ancient civilization. For the district in Trujillo Province, see Moche District. For its capital city, see Moche, Trujillo. Moche cultureMoche100–700A map of Moche cultural influenceStatusCulturally united independent politiesCapitalMoche[1]Common languagesMochicaReligion PolytheistHistorical eraEarly Intermediate• Established 100• Disestablished 700 Preceded by Succeeded by Chavín culture Wa...

 

Bhaktha Jana

1948 Indian filmBhaktha JanaPosterDirected byP. PullaiahWritten byAyyalu Somayajulu (dialogues)Produced byP. PullaiahStarringC. Honnappa BhagavatharV. NagayyaSantha KumariK. SarangapaniB. R. PanthuluCinematographySadhu. N. Nayak[1]Edited byShankar[1]Music byReema–NarayananB. Narasimha Rao[2]ProductioncompanyRagini FilmsDistributed byRagini FilmsRelease date1948[1]CountryIndiaLanguageTamil Bhaktha Jana (transl. Devotee Jana) is a 1948 Indian Tamil langua...

Whampoa station

MTR station in Kowloon, Hong Kong Whampoa黃埔 MTR rapid transit stationExterior of Whampoa station exit A in September 2016Chinese nameTraditional Chinese黃埔Simplified Chinese黃埔JyutpingWong4bou3Hanyu PinyinHuángpǔ Literal meaningYellow EmbankmentTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu PinyinHuángpǔYue: CantoneseYale RomanizationWòngbouIPA[wɔːŋ˩pou˧]JyutpingWong4bou3 General informationLocationTak On Street & Hung Hom Road, Hung HomKowloon City DistrictHong KongCoordin...

 

Lijst van eredoctoraten van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam

Logo Erasmus Universiteit Dit is een lijst van de eredoctoraten van de Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. De universiteit werd in 1913 opgericht als Nederlandsche Handels-Hoogeschool. In 1939 leidde wettelijke erkenning ook tot een naamsverandering, tot Nederlandsche Economische Hoogeschool. In 1973 veranderde de naam in Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Eredoctoraten worden ter gelegenheid van de Dies Natalis toegekend aan “natuurlijke personen wegens uitstekende verdiensten in aan de EUR beoef...

 

Xian Y-7

Artikel ini perlu diwikifikasi agar memenuhi standar kualitas Wikipedia. Anda dapat memberikan bantuan berupa penambahan pranala dalam, atau dengan merapikan tata letak dari artikel ini. Untuk keterangan lebih lanjut, klik [tampil] di bagian kanan. Mengganti markah HTML dengan markah wiki bila dimungkinkan. Tambahkan pranala wiki. Bila dirasa perlu, buatlah pautan ke artikel wiki lainnya dengan cara menambahkan [[ dan ]] pada kata yang bersangkutan (lihat WP:LINK untuk keterangan lebih lanjut...

King Street, Sydney

Street in Sydney, Australia This article is about the city street in Sydney central business district. For the street in the suburb of Newtown, see King Street, Newtown. King StreetNew South WalesA contemporary view of King Street, looking east from George StreetWestern endEastern endCoordinates 33°52′07″S 151°12′07″E / 33.868734°S 151.202076°E / -33.868734; 151.202076 (Western end) 33°52′09″S 151°12′43″E / 33.869303°S 151.212...

 

Cannabis in Ukraine

Use of cannabis in Ukraine This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Cannabis in Ukraine – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Cannabis in Ukraine is currently illegal, but the country is in the process of legalising cannabis f...

 

Desi Namu

This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (November 2019) Accounting system This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Desi Namu – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2...

Androstadienol

Chemical compound Not to be confused with androstanedione, androstanediol, androstenedione, or androstenediol. AndrostadienolClinical dataOther names5,16-Androstadien-3β-olATC codeNoneIdentifiers IUPAC name (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol CAS Number1224-94-8PubChem CID150900ChemSpider133002CompTox Dashboard (EPA)DTXSID40924155 Chemical and physical dataFormulaC19H28OMolar mass272.432 g·mol−13D model (JSm...

 

Irwansyah Kasim

Drs. H.Irwansyah Kasim Daeng MaralaWakil Ketua II DPRD Kabupaten MarosMasa jabatan2014 – 31 Januari 2015PendahuluH. Sudirman, S.E.PenggantiH. Muhammad Yusuf Damang, S.Sos. Informasi pribadiLahir(1955-10-01)1 Oktober 1955Wajo, Sulawesi SelatanMeninggal31 Januari 2015(2015-01-31) (umur 59)Kota Makassar, Sulawesi Selatan, IndonesiaPartai politik  Golkar (1982-1992)  Gerindra (2011-2015)Suami/istriInce Nurlinda SariHubunganIr. Iriantosyah Kasim DM, M.Si (adik)I...

 

Compute Node Linux

Compute Node Linux (CNL) — среда исполнения, основанная на ядре Linux. Предназначена для вычислительных узлов суперкомпьютеров Cray XT3, Cray XT4, Cray XT5, Cray XT6, и Cray XE6. Основана на операционной системе SUSE Linux Enterprise Server и представляет собой облегчённое ядро с минимальным набором функций, необ...

Manalo Okkadu

2016 Indian filmManalo OkkaduRelease posterDirected byR. P. PatnaikProduced byGC Jagan MohanStarring R. P . Patnaik Anita Hassanandani Sai Kumar CinematographySJ SiddharthEdited bySB UddhavMusic byR. P. PatnaikRelease date 4 November 2016 (2016-11-04) CountryIndiaLanguageTelugu Manalo Okkadu (transl. One among us) is a 2016 Indian Telugu-language drama film directed by R. P. Patnaik and starring himself, Anita Hassanandani, P. Sai Kumar and Tanikella Bharani. It was relea...

 

Національна організація скаутів Молдови

Національна організація скаутів Молдови молд./рум. Organizaţia Naţională a Scouţilor Din Moldova Абревіатура ONSM(молд.)Гасло Gata OricândТип скаутингЗасновано 1994Сфера скаутингКраїна  МолдоваШтаб-квартира Кишинів[1]Членство Всесвітня організація скаутського руху (18 квітня 1997)Членів 2430 (20...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!