Frederick Below Jr. (September 6, 1926 – August 13, 1988)[1] was an American blues drummer who worked with Little Walter and Chess Records in the 1950s. According to Tony Russell, Below was a creator of much of the rhythmic structure of Chicago blues, especially its backbeat.[2]
He was the drummer on Chuck Berry's song "Johnny B. Goode".[3] He also recorded with J. B. Lenoir.[4]
Career
Below was born in Chicago, and as he put it – "grew up around nothing but music". He started learning music and playing drums in the DuSable High School[5] and at about the age of 14, formed a sort of a jazz band with two of his high school friends, Johnny Griffin and Eugene Wright.
As a young man, Below served in the Army twice. The first time between 1945–1946, after being conscripted into the United States Army, he served in the infantry ("I practiced on helmet liners, helmets, boxes and things like that").[6]
In 1946, when he was discharged from his service and came back home to Chicago, Below attended the reputable Roy C. Knapp School of Percussion,[7] from which he graduated in 1948, and in which he received a wide and thorough musical education.[8]
Below re-enlisted the army in 1948, this time as part of the Special Services, and he served in Germany as a member of the 427th Army band. After that second service, he stayed and played in a nightclub in Germany before returning to the United States in 1951.
Back in Chicago, Below joined the Aces, a band comprising the guitar-playing brothers Louis and Dave Myers and the harmonica player Junior Wells. In 1952, Little Walter left the Muddy Waters band to pursue a solo career, Wells took over his role on harp in the Muddy Waters band, and Walter commandeered the Aces (the Myers brothers and Below). As Little Walter and the Nightcats, they became one of the top electric blues bands in Chicago.[9]
In 1955, Below left Little Walter's band to concentrate on working as a session musician for Chess Records.[2] However, he continued to play on Little Walter's records. He also played on hit records for Muddy Waters, Junior Wells, Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Jimmy Rogers, Elmore James, Otis Rush, and Howlin' Wolf.[2]
^and was one of the students of the "star maker", Captain Walter Henri Dyett."DuSable High School had one of the best teachers. That was Capt. Walter Dye(tt). That's where I learned my music"
^Though he recalled that while serving at Fort McClellan, Alabama, before he was sent to the South Pacific, he "...saw Tommy Potter the bass player, and then Prez Lester Young... (and) had an opportunity to sit in and play with them"
^Santelli, Robert (2001). The Big Book of Blues. Penguin Books. p. 3. ISBN0-14-100145-3.
External links
Fred Below — Magic Maker, an article of September 1983 by Scott K. Fish, which includes an in-depth interview with Fred Below, published in the Modern Drummer website (retrieved August 24, 2018)
