Fina (architecture)

"Sabat" redirects here. For the surname, see Sabat (surname). For the Wiccan festivals, see sabbat. For the Jewish weekly day of rest, see Shabbat.

An example of a fina

In Mediterranean architecture, the fina is a physical space used in urban design, corresponding to the approximately 1-meter-wide public space alongside buildings. It is used to describe the placement of design items within traditional architectural elements. It also mandates public rules of behaviour for the neighbours concerning the usage and maintenance of finas in their buildings. For instance, a person has the right to use the part of the fina immediately in front of his home for the loading or unloading of his vehicle but he has no right to block it.^[1]

Fina is identified as a convention in ancient Levant architecture that denotes a zone along the street wall of a building where balconies, downspouts, and other protruding features were allowed as long as they did not impede the passage of public transport and other users of the street.^[2] In Islamic architecture, fina or Al-Fina, which emerged in old Islamic cities that were organized by Islamic law,^[3] refers to a patio – an open-sky courtyard of a central building.^[4] It serves to illuminate and ventilate rooms and spaces inside buildings.^[5] This particular architectural concept is still used in urban spaces in the Middle East such as Egypt as a form of environmental organizer.^[5] This in-between space also influences the urban fabric and character of the city.^[3]

Fina has two types of uses: temporary and permanent. Trees, flower pots, window gratings and other decorations constitute the temporary uses of fina.^[6] Its permanent use are represented by built-in structures such as stairs, benches, and water-related infrastructure, among others.^[6] These also include the sabat, which is a structure built between the opposite buildings on both sides of a narrow street. It is constituted by rooms bridging the street. It provides a passageway to respect the right of way, and the supporting pillars of the resulting arch must be within the fina.

References

1. Broadbent, Geoffrey (2003). Emerging Concepts in Urban Space Design. New York: Taylor & Francis Group. p. 17. ISBN 978-0203362167.
2. Childs, Mark C. (2013). Urban Composition: Developing Community Through Design. New York, NY: Princeton Architectural Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-1-61689-052-0.
3. Nooraddin, Hoshiar (1998). "Al-fina', in-between spaces as an urban design concept: making public and private places along streets in Islamic cities of the Middle East". Urban Design International. 3 (1–2): 65–77. doi:10.1057/udi.1998.8. ISSN 1357-5317. S2CID 110348318.
4. Hakim, Besim Selim (2010). Arabic Islamic Cities Rev: Building and Planning Principles. Oxon: Routledge. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-7103-0094-2.
5. Brebbia, C.A.; Boquera, A. Martinez (2016). Islamic Heritage Architecture. Boston, MA: WIT Press. p. 169. ISBN 9781784662370.
6. Amoruso, Giuseppe (2017). Putting Tradition into Practice: Heritage, Place and Design: Proceedings of 5th INTBAU International Annual Event. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. pp. 1306–1307. ISBN 978-3-319-57936-8.

Further reading

• Arabic-Islamic cities: building and planning principles. BS Hakim - 1986 - Kegan Paul Intl
• Mediterranean urban and building codes: origins, content, impact, and lessons, Urban Design International
• Learning from Traditional Mediterranean Codes by Besim Hakim. The Town Paper -Council report III/IV - April 2003
• Generative processes for revitalising historic towns or heritage districts by Besim Hakim. INTBAU - International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture & Urbanism.