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Euryoryzomys nitidus
	E. nitidus (top) and Calomys laucha (bottom)
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Family:	Cricetidae
Subfamily:	Sigmodontinae
Genus:	Euryoryzomys
Species:	E. nitidus
Binomial name
	Euryoryzomys nitidus; (Thomas, 1884)
	Distribution of several Euryoryzomys species Elegant Rice Rat (Euryoryzomys nitidus)
Synonyms
	Oryzomys nitidus Thomas, 1884; [Euryoryzomys] nitidus: Weksler, Percequillo, and Voss, 2006

Euryoryzomys nitidus, also known as the elegant oryzomys^[2] or elegant rice rat, is a rodent species in the family Cricetidae. Previously it was known as Oryzomys nitidus, but it is not closely related to Oryzomys as that genus is now constructed. Its range includes Bolivia, Brazil and Peru to the east of the Andes, in lowland tropical rainforest as well as forest in the eastern foothills of the mountains, at elevations from 50 to 2,000 m (200 to 6,600 ft).

Description

Euryoryzomys nitidus is a medium-sized rice rat with a head-and-body length of about 136 mm (5.4 in) and a similar length tail. The short dense fur on the head and back is tawny or tawny-brown, the sides of the head and flanks being tinged with ochre. The underparts are whitish-grey. The tail is a uniform colour apart from the underside near the tip which is mottled. The upper surfaces of both fore- and hind-feet are clad in white hair, and the nails are hidden by tufts of hair growing between them.^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The main population of E. nitidus is in the Andean foothills of Peru, Bolivia and western Brazil and adjoining lowlands. However outlying individuals have been identified at scattered locations in south-central Brazil, Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. In the upper Amazon basin, this species shares its range with the closely related Euryoryzomys macconnelli.^[4] Its altitudinal range is between about 50 and 2,000 m (200 and 6,600 ft) and its typical habitat is tropical and sub-tropical rainforest. It also occurs in secondary forest and seems able to tolerate a considerable amount of habitat degradation.^[1] Other places where it has been recovered include primary and secondary dry deciduous forests, riverine gallery forests, savannah with palm trees, swamp forests and the environs of villages, among cropland, pasture and sporting venues.^[3] It is also present in the foothills of an isolated massif in Mato Grosso do Sul on the western border of the Pantanal. It is a terrestrial species.^[3]

Andes Hantavirus variant

A study of small rodents in Peru found that E. nitidus is the fourth most frequently caught species, with 35 individuals trapped out of a total of 362 rodents; six of this total harboured a hantavirus variant, IgG, including an adult male E. nitidus.^[5] Hantaviruses can cause hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the human population, and although the occurrence of this syndrome is currently low, when it occurs, this zoonotic disease is often fatal.^[5]

Status

E. nitidus is a common species with a wide distribution. It is present in a number of protected areas and no particular threats to the species have been identified. For these reasons, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed its conservation status as being of "least concern".^[1]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Weksler, M. & Bonvicino, C.R. (2017) [errata version of 2016 assessment]. "Euryoryzomys nitidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15607A115128347. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T15607A22329300.en. Retrieved 12 March 2023.
^ Musser and Carleton, 2005
^ ^a ^b ^c Patton, James L.; Pardiñas, Ulyses F.J.; D'Elía, Guillermo (2015). Mammals of South America, Volume 2: Rodents. University of Chicago Press. pp. 318–319. ISBN 978-0-226-16960-6.
^ Musser, G.G., Carleton, M.D., Brothers, E.M. and Gardner, A.L. 1998. Systematic studies of oryzomyine rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae): diagnoses and distributions of species formerly assigned to Oryzomys "capito". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 236:1–376.
^ ^a ^b Razuri, Hugo; Tokarz, Rafal; Ghersi, Bruno M.; Salmon-Mulanovich, Gabriela; Guezala, M. Claudia; Albujar, Christian; Mendoza, A. Patricia; Tinoco, Yeny O.; Cruz, Christopher; Silva, Maria; Vasquez, Alicia; Pacheco, Víctor; Ströher, Ute; Guerrero, Lisa Wiggleton; Cannon, Deborah; Nichol, Stuart T.; Hirschberg, David L.; Lipkin, W. Ian; Bausch, Daniel G.; Montgomery, Joel M. (2014). "Andes Hantavirus Variant in Rodents, Southern Amazon Basin, Peru". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 20 (2): 257–260. doi:10.3201/eid2002.131418. ISSN 1080-6059. PMC 3901500. PMID 24447689.