Eupatorium japonicum

Eupatorium japonicum
Eupatorium japonicum var. tripartitum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Eupatorium
Species:	E. japonicum
Binomial name
Eupatorium japonicum Thunberg ex Murray.

Eupatorium japonicum, known as fragrant eupatorium^[1] in English and 白头婆 bai tou po,^[2] in Chinese, is a herbaceous plant species in the family Asteraceae. It is native to China, Japan and Korea.

Description

Eupatorium japonicum is a herbaceous perennial growing 50–200 cm tall from short rhizomes with many fibrous roots. The stems are upright and marked with purplish red, ending with simple or corymbose, (flat) inflorescence that branch near their ends. The leaves are oppositely arranged on the stems and have short but rather thick petioles that are 1–2 cm long. The leaves midway up the stems are elliptic, narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate in shape and 6 to 20 long and 2 to 6.5 cm wide. The leaves are pinnately veined, with lateral veins 7-paired, the undersides of the leaves have prominent veining. The Leaves gradually tapper to a sharp point and the bases are broad or narrow, and the leaf margins are sometimes 3-partite. Before flowering, the basel foliage withers away. The upper leaves of the stems are the same shape but smaller than those below them. The foliage is scabrid, crisped-villous or puberulent with yellow glandular hairs. Leaf margins are coarsely or double-serrate. The flowers are collected together into capitula (heads) that are densely corymbose, the inflorescence are usually 3 to 6 cm wide and rarely form large compound corymbose inflorescence that can be up to 20 cm wide. The involucre are campanulate shaped and 5–6 mm wide, composed of five flowers. The lanceolate shaped phyllaries are imbricate, with 3-seriate edges, the outer phyllaries are very short, only 1–2 mm wide, and green or purple-tinged. The florets are white, red-purple, or pink, with corolla about 5 mm wide and the corolla is covered with yellow glands. The fruits are black-brown, 5-angled, hairless achenes, that are elliptic in shape and about 3.5 mm long, and are covered with yellow glands. The 5 mm long pappus are white. This species blooms and fruits from June to November.^[3]

Taxonomy

King and Robinson, in a 1987 paper, considered E. japonicum to be part of a more broadly defined E. chinense.^[3]

There are two varieties of Eupatorium japonicum:

• Eupatorium japonicum var. japonicum with leaves not 3-partite.
• Eupatorium japonicum var. tripartitum with leaves 3-partite.

Toxicity

Eupatorium japonicum contains tumorigenic pyrrolizidine alkaloids.^[4]

References

1. English Names for Korean Native Plants (PDF). Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum. 2015. p. 464. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2017 – via Korea Forest Service.
2. "Eupatorium japonicum Thunb". Chinese Plant Names.
3. "Asteraceae Tribe Eupatorieae (Draft)", Flora of China, archived from the original on 2009-07-14, retrieved 2009-12-01
4. Fu, P.P., Yang, Y.C., Xia, Q., Chou, M.C., Cui, Y.Y., Lin G., "Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-tumorigenic components in Chinese herbal medicines and dietary supplements", Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, Vol. 10, No. 4, 2002, pp. 198-211 [1]^{[permanent dead link‍]}