Estelle Massey Riddle Osborne (May 3, 1901 – December 12, 1981)[1] was an African American nurse and educator. She served in many prominent positions and worked to eliminate racial discrimination in the nursing field.
Early life and education
Estelle Massey was born in Palestine, Texas in 1901, the eighth of eleven children.[2] Despite being uneducated and working in menial jobs, her parents, Hall and Bettye Estelle Massey, sent all of their children to college.[1]
Estelle received a teaching certificate from Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College (now Prairie View A&M University), but decided to move into nursing after she was nearly killed in a violent incident while teaching at a public school.[3] She joined the first nursing class of St. Louis City Hospital #2 (later Homer G. Phillips Hospital), and became a head nurse there after graduating in 1923.[1][2]
Estelle Massey Riddle became educational director at Freedmen's Hospital (now Howard University Hospital) in Washington, D.C. In 1934 she worked as a researcher for the Rosenwald Fund, then returned to Homer G. Phillips Hospital in St. Louis to become its first black director of nursing.[1]
In 1943, she was appointed as a consultant to the National Nursing Council for War
Service.[2] In this role she recruited student and graduate nurses and acted as a liaison to nursing schools,[7] working to change discriminatory policies. By the end of World War II, 20 new nursing schools had begun admitting black students, the Cadet Nurse Corps had inducted 2,000 black members, and bans on black nurses had been rescinded by both the Army and Navy.[1][5]
In 1932, Massey married Dr. Bedford N. Riddle. This marriage ended in divorce, and in 1947 she married Herman Osborne, public relations director of the United Mutual Life Insurance Company.[13] She had no children.[3]
