Didemnum
Genus of sea squirts
Didemnum tunicates in the family Didemnidae . It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family.[ 1] [ 2] Didemnum species, including Didemnum vexillum Didemnum perlucidem invasive species .[ 3] Didemnum vexillum was found covering a 230 km2 area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England,[ 4] [ 5] [ 3] Didemnum sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands.[ 6]
Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as Didemnum molle [ 7]
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Didemnum :[ 8]
Didemnum abradatum Kott, 2007 Didemnum ahu Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum albidum (Verrill, 1871) Didemnum albopunctatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum algasedens Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001 Didemnum amethysteum (Van Name, 1902) Didemnum amourouxi Lafargue, 1976 Didemnum apersum Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum apuroto Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum arancium Kott, 2001 Didemnum aratore Kott, 2004 Didemnum asterix Kott, 2004 Didemnum astrum Kott, 2001 Didemnum augusti Michaelsen, 1920 Didemnum aurantiacum Herdman, 1886 Didemnum aurantium Rocha & Neves, 2015 Didemnum aures Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum bentarti Varela & Ramos-Esplá, 2008 Didemnum beringense Romanov, 1977 Didemnum biglans (Sluiter, 1906) Didemnum biglutinum Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum bimasculum Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum bisectatum Kott, 2001 Didemnum brevioris Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997 Didemnum caesium Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum calliginosum Monniot F., 1984 Didemnum candidum Savigny, 1816 Didemnum captivum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997 Didemnum carnulentum Ritter & Forsyth, 1917 Didemnum carpenteri (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum caudiculatum Romanov, 1989 Didemnum cerebrale Michaelsen, 1920 Didemnum chartaceum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum chilense Ärnbäck, 1929 Didemnum cilicium Kott, 2005 Didemnum cineraceum (Sluiter, 1898) Didemnum clavum Kott, 2001 Didemnum coccineum (Drasche, 1883) Didemnum commune (Della Valle, 1877) Didemnum complexum Kott, 2001 Didemnum conchyliatum (Sluiter, 1898) Didemnum congregatum Kott, 2004 Didemnum contortum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997 Didemnum coralliforme Kott, 2004 Didemnum coriaceum (Drasche, 1883) Didemnum corium Kott, 2005 Didemnum crescente Kott, 2001 Didemnum cuculliferum (Sluiter, 1909) Didemnum cygnuus Kott, 2001 Didemnum dealbatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum delectum Kott, 2001 Didemnum densum (Nott, 1892) Didemnum dicolla Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997 Didemnum diffundum Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum digestum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum diversum Kott, 2004 Didemnum dolium Kott, 2008 Didemnum domesticum Kott, 2004 Didemnum drachi Lafargue, 1975 Didemnum duplicatum Monniot F., 1983 Didemnum ectensum Romanov, 1989 Didemnum edmondsoni Eldredge, 1967 Didemnum edwardsi (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum effusium Kott, 2001 Didemnum elikapekae Eldredge, 1967 Didemnum elongatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum epikelp Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum etiolum Kott, 1982 Didemnum extensum Romanov, 1989 Didemnum fibriae Kott, 2004 Didemnum filiforme Romanov, 1989 Didemnum flagellatum Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum flammacolor Rocha & Neves, 2015 Didemnum flavoviride Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum fragile Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum fragum Kott, 2001 Didemnum fucatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum fulgens (Milne Edwards, 1841) Didemnum fuscum (Oka, 1931) Didemnum galacteum Lotufo & Dias, 2007 Didemnum gayanae Sanamyan, 1999 Didemnum gemmiparum Romanov, 1976 Didemnum gigas (Della Valle, 1881) Didemnum gintonicum Eldredge, 1967 Didemnum globiferum Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum grande (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum granulatum Tokioka, 1954 Didemnum granulosum (Drasche, 1883) Didemnum guttatum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum halimedae Monniot F., 1983 Didemnum helgolandicum Michaelsen, 1921 Didemnum herba Kott, 2001 Didemnum hiopaa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum immundum Romanov, 1974 Didemnum inaequilobatum Daumezon, 1908 Didemnum inauratum Monniot F., 1983 Didemnum incanum (Herdman, 1899) Didemnum inveteratum Kott, 2001 Didemnum japonicum (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum jedanense Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum jeffreysi (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum jucundum Kott, 2001 Didemnum karlae Michaelsen, 1920 Didemnum kelleri Michaelsen, 1923 Didemnum kurilense Romanov, 1989 Didemnum lacertosum Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum lacustre Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum lahillei Hartmeyer, 1909 Didemnum lambertae Rocha & Neves, 2015 Didemnum lambitum (Sluiter, 1900) Didemnum leopardi Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum leopardum Kott, 2005 Didemnum levitas Kott, 2001 Didemnum ligulum Monniot F., 1983 Didemnum lillipution Kott, 2004 Didemnum linatum Kott, 2001 Didemnum linguiferum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum lissoclinum Kott, 2001 Didemnum lithostrotum Brewin, 1956 Didemnum longigaster Rocha & Neves, 2015 Didemnum lutarium Van Name, 1910 Didemnum macrosiphonium Kott, 2001 Didemnum macrospiculatum Tokioka, 1967 Didemnum maculatum (Nott, 1892) Didemnum maculosum (Milne Edwards, 1841) Didemnum madagascariense Brunetti, 2007 Didemnum madeleinae Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2001 Didemnum magnetae Hastings, 1931 Didemnum mantile Kott, 2001 Didemnum megaductus Romanov, 1974 Didemnum megasterix Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum mekeald Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum membranaceum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum mesembrinum Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum microthoracicum Kott, 2001 Didemnum millari Monniot C., Monniot F., Griffiths & Schleyer, 2001 Didemnum minisculum Kott, 2001 Didemnum minispirale Romanov, 1989 Didemnum misakiense (Oka & Willey, 1892) Didemnum molle (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum monile Kott, 2001 Didemnum montosum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum moseleyi (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum multiampullae Kott, 2008 Didemnum multispirale Kott, 2001 Didemnum mutabile Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum nambucciensis Kott, 2004 Didemnum neglectum Herdman, 1886 Didemnum nekozita Tokioka, 1967 Didemnum nigricans Monniot F., 1995 Didemnum nigrum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum nivale Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum nocturnum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1997 Didemnum oblitum Kott, 2001 Didemnum obscurum Monniot F., 1969 Didemnum ossium Kott, 2001 Didemnum paa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum pacificum Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum papillatum Romanov, 1974 Didemnum parancium Kott, 2001 Didemnum parau Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum pardum Tokioka, 1962 Didemnum partitum Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum parvum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2003 Didemnum patulum (Herdman, 1899) Didemnum pecten Kott, 2001 Didemnum pellucidum Kott, 2001 Didemnum perlucidum Monniot F., 1983 Didemnum perplexum Kott, 2001 Didemnum perspicuum Giard, 1873 Didemnum peyrefittense Brément, 1913 Didemnum pica Brunetti, 2007 Didemnum pitipiri Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum plebeium Kott, 2005 Didemnum poecilomorpha Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum polare Hartmeyer, 1903 Didemnum precocinum Kott, 2001 Didemnum protectum (Daumézon, 1908) Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895) Didemnum pseudobiglans Romanov, 1989 Didemnum pseudofulgens Médioni, 1970 Didemnum pseudovexillum Turon & Viard, 2020 Didemnum quincunciale Michaelsen, 1920 Didemnum recurvatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum risirense Nishikawa, 1990 Didemnum roberti Michaelsen, 1930 Didemnum rochai Paiva et al., 2015 Didemnum rodriguesi Rocha & Monniot F., 1993 Didemnum romssae Marks, 1996 Didemnum roseum Sars, 1851 Didemnum rota Kott, 2004 Didemnum rottnesti Kott, 1962 Didemnum rubeum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum sachalinense Romanov, 1989 Didemnum sanakiensis Sanamyan, 1999 Didemnum santaelenae Van Name, 1945 Didemnum scopi Kott, 2001 Didemnum semifuscum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum siphonale Tokioka, 1967 Didemnum sordidum Kott, 2001 Didemnum spadix Kott, 2001 Didemnum speciosum (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum sphaericum Tokioka, 1967 Didemnum spongioides Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum spumante Kott, 2004 Didemnum spumosum Kott, 2004 Didemnum stercoratum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 1996 Didemnum stilense Michaelsen, 1934 Didemnum stragulum Kott, 2001 Didemnum studeri Hartmeyer, 1911 Didemnum subflavum (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum subtile Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum sucosum Kott, 2001 Didemnum tabulatum Sluiter, 1909 Didemnum tantulum Kott, 2007 Didemnum tapetum Kott, 2008 Didemnum tenue (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum ternerratum Kott, 2001 Didemnum tetrahedrum Dias & Rodrigues, 2004 Didemnum theca Kott, 2001 Didemnum thomsoni Herdman, 1886 Didemnum tigrinoides Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum toafene Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum tonga (Herdman, 1886) Didemnum torresii (Sluiter, 1895) Didemnum tortile Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum translucidum Tokioka, 1953 Didemnum transparentum Romanov, 1977 Didemnum trispirale Romanov, 1989 Didemnum tuberatum (Nott, 1892) Didemnum tumulatum Kott, 2004 Didemnum usitatum Kott, 2004 Didemnum uturoa Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum vahatuio Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1987 Didemnum valgum Monniot F. & Monniot C., 2008 Didemnum vanderhorsti Van Name, 1924 Didemnum velans Michaelsen, 1920 Didemnum velum Kott, 2008 Didemnum verdantum Kott, 2001 Didemnum vermiforme Romanov, 1989 Didemnum vesica Kott, 2007 Didemnum vesperi Kott, 2004 Didemnum vexillum Kott, 2002 Didemnum via Kott, 2001 Didemnum viride (Herdman, 1906) Didemnum vulgare Kott, 2001 Didemnum yolky Monniot C. & Monniot F., 1997
Tunicate colonies of Didemnum sp. overgrowing the fronds of dark green algae. These colonies can quickly overgrow most surfaces and other organisms.
References
^ Moreno, T.; Rocha, R. (June 2008). "Phylogeny of the Aplousobranchia (Tunicata: Ascidiacea)" . Revista Brasileira de Zoologia . 25 (2): 269– 298. doi :10.1590/S0101-81752008000200016 ^ Kott, Patricia (15 Aug 2001). "The AUSTRALIAN ASC1DIACEA PART 4, APLOUSOBRANCHIA (3), DIDEMNIDAE". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum . 47 . ^ a b "Marine Nuisance Species" . Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Center. 17 February 2016.^ Valentine, Page C.; Carman, Mary R.; Blackwood, Dann S.; Heffron, Erin J. (2007). "Ecological observations on the colonial ascidian Didemnum sp. in a New England tide pool habitat". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology . 342 (1): 109– 121. doi :10.1016/j.jembe.2006.10.021 . ^ Ian Laing; James Bussell; Kate Somerwill. "Project report: Assessment of the impacts of Didemnum vexillum and options for the management of the species in England". ^ "Invasion der Pfankuchen" Der Spiegel, 1/2006, p. 102
^ Ruppert, Edward E.; Richard S. Fox; Robert D. Barnes (2004). Invertebrate Zoology: A Functional Evolutionary Approach (7th ed.). Delhi, India. ISBN 8131501043 OCLC 970002268 . {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Didemnum Savigny, 1816" . www.marinespecies.org . Retrieved 2022-08-17 .
(USGS) National Geologic Studies of Benthic Habitats , Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus
