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Diamond dove
	Northern Territory, Australia.
Conservation status
	; Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Columbiformes
Family:	Columbidae
Genus:	Geopelia
Species:	G. cuneata
Binomial name
	Geopelia cuneata; (Latham, 1801)
	distribution

The diamond dove (Geopelia cuneata) is a resident bird in Australia. The pigeon predominantly exists in areas near water but which are lightly arid or semi-arid in nature, being Central, West and Northern Australia. They are one of Australia's smallest pigeons along with the peaceful dove. They have been spotted occasionally in Southern Australia in parks and gardens when the centre of Australia is very dry.

Taxonomy and etymology

English ornithologist John Latham first described the diamond dove in 1801.^[2] The common name "diamond" is a reference to the white speckles on its wings.^[2]

Description

They are small pigeons with a length of 19 to 21 centimeters or 9 to 11 inches.^[3] Regardless of sex, they have white spots and black edges on their wings, red eyes and orange eye-rings. The sexes look similar except the female's eye ring is less vivid and has more of a brown colour to the plumage. The male's head, neck, and breast are light blue-grey. The bill is a dark grey colour. The abdomen is a creamy colour while the back and tail is a brown-grey colour. The legs and feet are pink. The juveniles have a light grey bill; the iris and eye ring is fawn in colour; the feet and legs are grey; the breast is grey and does not possess any white spots on their wings.^{[citation needed]}

Regardless of its astoundingly small size (weighing only about 35 g), it has a great tolerance to high heat levels due to adaptations in body temperature, metabolism, respiration, water balance, and behaviour.^[4]

Behaviour

The diamond dove is often seen on the ground, where it runs with a waddling gait. Its flight is strong, direct, and sometimes undulating.^[5] The wings can make a whistling "frrr" noise when flying.

Diamond doves tend to be seen in pairs or small groups feeding off the ground. They feed off seed mostly from grasses. They will also eat ants.^{[citation needed]}

The doves tend to breed after rain but mostly in spring in Southern Australia. Nests are usually built from interwoven grasses and/or twigs, and are fragile in construction. Two white eggs are usually laid and incubated for 13 to 14 days. Their chicks are fast to grow, and are usually fully feathered and flying by two weeks.^{[citation needed]}

They are known to have a variety of calls. The calls sound mournful, slow and have a soft, pleasant falsetto quality to them. Two calls consist of two long coos followed by a pause and then a long, short and long coo. Sometimes they call two long coos. The alarm coo consists of a few short but loud coos.^{[citation needed]}

Conservation

Australia

Diamond doves are not listed as threatened on the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999.

State of Victoria, Australia

The diamond dove is listed as threatened on the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act (1988).^[6] Under this Act, an Action Statement for the recovery and future management of this species has not been prepared.^[7]
On the 2007 advisory list of threatened vertebrate fauna in Victoria, the diamond dove is listed as near-threatened.^[8]

Gallery

Close-up of a captive bird
Next to a zebra finch at a waterhole, Northern Territory, Australia
The rufous inner vanes of the primary feathers are clearly visible in this captive bird, Northern Territory, Australia

Citations

^ BirdLife International (2016). "Geopelia cuneata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22690705A93284384. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22690705A93284384.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
^ ^a ^b Fraser & Gray 2019, p. 37.
^ Petco Doves Page
^ Schleucher, E. (1993). "Life in Extreme Dryness and Heat: A Telemetric Study of the Behaviour of the Diamond Dove Geopelia cuneata in its Natural Habitat". Emu. 93 (4): 251–258.
^ Forshaw, Joseph (2015). Pigeons and Doves in Australia. Clayton South, VIC, Australia: Csiro Publishing. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-4863-0404-2.
^ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived July 18, 2005, at the Wayback Machine
^ Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria Archived September 11, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
^ Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (2007). Advisory List of Threatened Vertebrate Fauna in Victoria - 2007. East Melbourne, Victoria: Department of Sustainability and Environment. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-74208-039-0.

Sources

Fraser, Ian; Gray, Jeannie (2019). Australian Bird Names: Origins and Meanings. Clayton South, Victoria: Csiro Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4863-1164-4.
Pizzey and Knight, "Field Guide to the Birds of Australia", Angus & Robertson, ISBN 0-207-19691-5