Climate of Porto

Porto
Climate chart (explanation)
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
 
 
147
 
 
14
5
 
 
111
 
 
15
6
 
 
96
 
 
17
8
 
 
118
 
 
18
9
 
 
90
 
 
20
12
 
 
40
 
 
24
15
 
 
20
 
 
25
16
 
 
33
 
 
26
16
 
 
72
 
 
24
15
 
 
158
 
 
21
12
 
 
172
 
 
17
9
 
 
181
 
 
14
7
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: Instituto de Meteorologia[1]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
5.8
 
 
57
41
 
 
4.4
 
 
59
43
 
 
3.8
 
 
63
46
 
 
4.6
 
 
65
48
 
 
3.5
 
 
68
53
 
 
1.6
 
 
74
58
 
 
0.8
 
 
78
61
 
 
1.3
 
 
78
61
 
 
2.8
 
 
75
58
 
 
6.2
 
 
69
54
 
 
6.8
 
 
63
48
 
 
7.1
 
 
58
44
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Porto and its metropolitan area feature a Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csb) with mild wet winters and warm dry summers. According to the Troll-Paffen climate classification, Porto has a warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima),[2] and a subtropical climate according to Siegmund/Frankenberg.[3] Porto is the wettest major city with a Mediterranean climate.

Classifications

Street in Porto
Porto Climate according to major climate systems
Climatic scheme Initials Description
Köppen system[4] Csb warm-summer Mediterranean climate
Trewartha system[5] Cs Subtropical dry summer
Alisov system[6] — Subtropical climate
Strahler system[7] — Marine west coast climate
Thornthwaite system[8]
B4 B'2
 Humid Mesothermal
Neef system[9][10] — West coast maritime / wet winter climate

Temperature

Normals

Porto has generally moderate temperatures. The average annual high is around 20 °C (68 °F) and average low around 11 °C (52 °F). The climate is also only mildly seasonal, from a maxima of 14 °C (57 °F) in January to 25–26 °C (77–79 °F) in August, while minima is around 5–6 °C (41–43 °F) in January and 15–16 °C (59–61 °F) in July and August. In its metropolitan area, January lows can vary between 7 °C (45 °F) at the coast and 3 °C (37 °F) on the mountainous interior, and August highs vary between 24 °C (75 °F) at the coast and 28 °C (82 °F) in the interior near the Douro valley.[11]

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1981-2010 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.4
(63.3) 		18.1
(64.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.3
(77.5) 		25.7
(78.3) 		24.1
(75.4) 		20.7
(69.3) 		17.1
(62.8) 		14.4
(57.9) 		19.6
(67.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.5
(49.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.6
(54.7) 		13.7
(56.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.8
(69.4) 		19.5
(67.1) 		16.4
(61.5) 		13.0
(55.4) 		10.7
(51.3) 		15.2
(59.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.2
(41.4) 		5.9
(42.6) 		7.8
(46.0) 		9.1
(48.4) 		11.6
(52.9) 		14.5
(58.1) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.9
(60.6) 		14.7
(58.5) 		12.2
(54.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.7
(51.3)
Source: IPMA[1]
Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1971-2000 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3) 		14.8
(58.6) 		16.8
(62.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		22.8
(73.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		23.7
(74.7) 		20.4
(68.7) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.4
(57.9) 		19.2
(66.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		10.4
(50.7) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.2
(55.8) 		15.2
(59.4) 		18.3
(64.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		20.1
(68.2) 		18.9
(66.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		12.6
(54.7) 		10.6
(51.1) 		14.7
(58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.0
(41.0) 		5.9
(42.6) 		7.1
(44.8) 		8.6
(47.5) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.8
(56.8) 		15.5
(59.9) 		15.2
(59.4) 		14.1
(57.4) 		11.5
(52.7) 		8.3
(46.9) 		6.8
(44.2) 		10.2
(50.4)
Source: IPMA[12]
Climate data for Porto São Gens, elevation: 90 m or 300 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.6
(56.5) 		14.6
(58.3) 		16.4
(61.5) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		22.3
(72.1) 		24.4
(75.9) 		24.5
(76.1) 		23.3
(73.9) 		20.2
(68.4) 		16.9
(62.4) 		14.5
(58.1) 		18.9
(66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.7
(49.5) 		10.7
(51.3) 		12.1
(53.8) 		13.1
(55.6) 		15.0
(59.0) 		17.9
(64.2) 		19.8
(67.6) 		19.7
(67.5) 		18.7
(65.7) 		15.9
(60.6) 		12.8
(55.0) 		10.8
(51.4) 		14.7
(58.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.7
(42.3) 		6.8
(44.2) 		7.8
(46.0) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.0
(51.8) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.2
(59.4) 		14.8
(58.6) 		14.1
(57.4) 		11.6
(52.9) 		8.8
(47.8) 		7.1
(44.8) 		10.4
(50.8)
Source: IPMA[13]
Climate data for Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport, elevation: 70 m or 230 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.8
(56.8) 		14.7
(58.5) 		16.5
(61.7) 		17.3
(63.1) 		19.0
(66.2) 		22.1
(71.8) 		24.1
(75.4) 		24.2
(75.6) 		23.1
(73.6) 		20.1
(68.2) 		16.8
(62.2) 		14.6
(58.3) 		18.9
(66.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.6
(49.3) 		10.5
(50.9) 		11.9
(53.4) 		13.0
(55.4) 		14.9
(58.8) 		17.7
(63.9) 		19.4
(66.9) 		19.3
(66.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		12.7
(54.9) 		10.8
(51.4) 		14.5
(58.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.4
(41.7) 		6.4
(43.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		8.6
(47.5) 		10.8
(51.4) 		13.3
(55.9) 		14.7
(58.5) 		14.4
(57.9) 		13.6
(56.5) 		11.4
(52.5) 		8.6
(47.5) 		7.0
(44.6) 		10.1
(50.2)
Source: IPMA[14]

Extremes

Due to its coastal position, temperatures below freezing (0 °C (32 °F)) are rare, and frosts are never severe. Porto is placed in the USDA hardiness zone 10a.[15] The lowest temperature ever recorded in the city was −4.1 °C (24.6 °F) on 11 January 1941.[16]

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1981-2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.3
(73.9) 		23.2
(73.8) 		28.5
(83.3) 		30.2
(86.4) 		34.1
(93.4) 		38.7
(101.7) 		40.0
(104.0) 		40.9
(105.6) 		36.9
(98.4) 		32.2
(90.0) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		40.9
(105.6)
Record low °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−1.6
(29.1) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.6
(42.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		5.5
(41.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−3.3
(26.1)
Source: IPMA[1]
Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1) 		23.2
(73.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.9
(84.0) 		34.1
(93.4) 		38.7
(101.7) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.6
(99.7) 		36.9
(98.4) 		32.2
(90.0) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		38.7
(101.7)
Record low °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−2.8
(27.0) 		−1.3
(29.7) 		0.1
(32.2) 		3.3
(37.9) 		5.6
(42.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		8.0
(46.4) 		5.5
(41.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−0.3
(31.5) 		−1.2
(29.8) 		−3.3
(26.1)
Source: IPMA[12]
Climate data for Porto São Gens, elevation: 90 m or 300 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6) 		23.6
(74.5) 		27.6
(81.7) 		29.0
(84.2) 		33.6
(92.5) 		39.0
(102.2) 		38.0
(100.4) 		37.6
(99.7) 		36.5
(97.7) 		32.5
(90.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		25.0
(77.0) 		39.0
(102.2)
Record low °C (°F) −3.0
(26.6) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		0.0
(32.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		4.0
(39.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		7.0
(44.6) 		4.0
(39.2) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−2.0
(28.4) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−3.0
(26.6)
Source: IPMA[13]
Climate data for Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport, elevation: 70 m or 230 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 23.3
(73.9) 		24.4
(75.9) 		27.6
(81.7) 		28.2
(82.8) 		33.5
(92.3) 		38.3
(100.9) 		37.7
(99.9) 		37.1
(98.8) 		36.4
(97.5) 		31.7
(89.1) 		26.3
(79.3) 		24.8
(76.6) 		38.3
(100.9)
Record low °C (°F) −3.5
(25.7) 		−3.8
(25.2) 		−2.6
(27.3) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		1.5
(34.7) 		5.4
(41.7) 		8.0
(46.4) 		6.1
(43.0) 		5.0
(41.0) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−1.1
(30.0) 		−2.5
(27.5) 		−3.8
(25.2)
Source: IPMA[14]

Precipitation

Porto has abundant levels of precipitation. Despite averaging above 1,000 mm (39 in) of precipitation a year, July and August are relatively dry with around 15–30 mm (0.59–1.18 in) falling each month. The wettest period is between October and February, mostly between October and December, the wettest month.

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1981-2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 147.1
(5.79) 		110.5
(4.35) 		95.6
(3.76) 		117.6
(4.63) 		89.6
(3.53) 		39.9
(1.57) 		20.4
(0.80) 		32.9
(1.30) 		71.9
(2.83) 		158.3
(6.23) 		172.0
(6.77) 		181.0
(7.13) 		1,237
(48.7)
Source: IPMA[1]
Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1971-2000 normals
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 157.6
(6.20) 		139.7
(5.50) 		89.9
(3.54) 		115.6
(4.55) 		97.6
(3.84) 		46.0
(1.81) 		18.3
(0.72) 		26.7
(1.05) 		71.0
(2.80) 		138.0
(5.43) 		158.4
(6.24) 		194.7
(7.67) 		1,253.5
(49.35)
Source: IPMA[12]
Climate data for Porto São Gens, elevation: 90 m or 300 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 153.2
(6.03) 		136.8
(5.39) 		88.0
(3.46) 		109.2
(4.30) 		92.7
(3.65) 		46.2
(1.82) 		18.0
(0.71) 		23.9
(0.94) 		71.6
(2.82) 		138.1
(5.44) 		160.1
(6.30) 		186.5
(7.34) 		1,224.3
(48.2)
Source: IPMA[13]
Climate data for Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport, elevation: 70 m or 230 ft, 1971-2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average precipitation mm (inches) 142.4
(5.61) 		126.7
(4.99) 		81.5
(3.21) 		96.4
(3.80) 		89.4
(3.52) 		42.9
(1.69) 		16.5
(0.65) 		23.3
(0.92) 		61.6
(2.43) 		132.1
(5.20) 		152.9
(6.02) 		181.4
(7.14) 		1,147.1
(45.18)
Source: IPMA[14]

Humidity

The average relative humidity is around 77%. 81% from November to January and 73% in the summer. Summer can be slightly muggy in the hottest days but is generally comfortable, as temperatures rarely surpass 30 °C (86 °F).[17]

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1961-1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average relative humidity (%) 81 80 75 74 74 74 73 73 76 80 81 81 77
Source: NOAA[18]

Other phenomena

Sunshine, UV and daylight

Despite its precipitation, the total hours of sunshine are relatively normal for a region of its latitude. Winters, especially December, are somewhat dull, and summers are sunny.

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1961-1990
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean monthly sunshine hours 124.0 129.0 192.0 217.0 258.0 274.0 308.0 295.0 224.0 184.0 139.0 124.0 2,468
Mean daily daylight hours 9.6 10.7 12.0 13.3 14.5 15.1 14.8 13.8 12.5 11.1 9.9 9.3 12.2
Percent possible sunshine 40 42 52 55 55 61 66 68 63 54 46 44 54
Average ultraviolet index 2 3 4 6 7 8 8 8 6 4 2 1 5
Source 1: NOAA[18]
Source 2: Weather Atlas[19]
Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 93 m or 305 ft, 1987-2007
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean monthly sunshine hours 142.4 155.0 199.6 221.9 276.4 277.3 302.1 284.8 230.1 162.0 139.3 118.2 2,509.1
Source: German Meteorological Service[20]

Wind

As a coastal Atlantic city, winds are most predominant in winter. In the summer, nortada winds prevail and can refresh the city in the hottest days. The city centre is sheltered and seldom gets any strong winds.

Average wind speed (km/h) 1971-2000
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Porto (Fontainhas)[12] 19.6 19.7 19.2 19.0 18.1 16.9 17.3 16.3 15.2 16.8 18.4 20.0 18.0
Porto São Gens[13] 8.6 8.7 8.8 9.0 8.3 7.7 7.4 6.8 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.9 8.4
Porto Pedras Rubras[14] 15.7 16.3 15.0 15.0 14.9 13.5 12.5 12.2 11.9 13.3 14.2 16.3 14.2

Sea Temperature

Average sea temperature, according to seatemperature.org:[21]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
14.3 °C (57.7 °F) 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) 13.8 °C (56.8 °F) 14.9 °C (58.8 °F) 16.2 °C (61.2 °F) 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) 17.3 °C (63.1 °F) 17.9 °C (64.2 °F) 18.3 °C (64.9 °F) 17.8 °C (64.0 °F) 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) 15.4 °C (59.7 °F) 16.1 °C (61.0 °F)
Average sea temperature, according to surf-forecast.com:[22]
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
14.5 °C (58.1 °F) 13.5 °C (56.3 °F) 14.0 °C (57.2 °F) 14.5 °C (58.1 °F) 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) 19.0 °C (66.2 °F) 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) 17.5 °C (63.5 °F) 16.0 °C (60.8 °F) 15.5 °C (59.9 °F) 16.2 °C (61.2 °F)

1961-1990 data

Climate data for Porto (Fontainhas), elevation: 100 m or 330 ft, 1961-1990 normals and extremes
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.3
(72.1) 		22.7
(72.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		27.5
(81.5) 		34.7
(94.5) 		38.7
(101.7) 		38.3
(100.9) 		38.2
(100.8) 		36.9
(98.4) 		32.2
(90.0) 		27.7
(81.9) 		24.8
(76.6) 		38.7
(101.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 13.5
(56.3) 		14.3
(57.7) 		16.2
(61.2) 		17.5
(63.5) 		19.6
(67.3) 		22.7
(72.9) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.0
(77.0) 		24.0
(75.2) 		20.9
(69.6) 		16.7
(62.1) 		13.9
(57.0) 		19.1
(66.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		10.1
(50.2) 		11.5
(52.7) 		12.9
(55.2) 		15.1
(59.2) 		18.1
(64.6) 		19.9
(67.8) 		19.8
(67.6) 		19.0
(66.2) 		16.2
(61.2) 		12.3
(54.1) 		9.9
(49.8) 		14.5
(58.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2) 		5.9
(42.6) 		6.8
(44.2) 		8.3
(46.9) 		10.6
(51.1) 		13.5
(56.3) 		15.0
(59.0) 		14.6
(58.3) 		13.9
(57.0) 		11.4
(52.5) 		7.9
(46.2) 		5.9
(42.6) 		9.9
(49.8)
Record low °C (°F) −3.3
(26.1) 		−3.0
(26.6) 		−1.8
(28.8) 		0.1
(32.2) 		2.6
(36.7) 		5.6
(42.1) 		9.0
(48.2) 		8.0
(46.4) 		5.5
(41.9) 		1.4
(34.5) 		−0.6
(30.9) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−3.3
(26.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 171.0
(6.73) 		169.0
(6.65) 		112.0
(4.41) 		112.0
(4.41) 		89.0
(3.50) 		53.0
(2.09) 		16.0
(0.63) 		22.0
(0.87) 		64.0
(2.52) 		131.0
(5.16) 		152.0
(5.98) 		176.0
(6.93) 		1,267
(49.88)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 14.0 13.0 11.0 10.0 9.0 6.0 2.0 3.0 6.0 10.0 12.0 12.0 108
Average relative humidity (%) 81.0 80.0 75.0 74.0 74.0 74.0 73.0 73.0 76.0 80.0 81.0 81.0 76.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 124.0 129.0 192.0 217.0 258.0 274.0 308.0 295.0 224.0 184.0 139.0 124.0 2,468
Source: NOAA[23]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Normais Climatológicas – 1981–2010(provisórias) – Porto" (in Portuguese). Instituto de Meteorologia. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  2. ^ Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification Archived October 4, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Die Klimatypen der Erde - Pädagogische Hochschule in Heidelberg
  4. ^ Peel, M.C.; Finlayson, B.L. "World Map of Köppen-Geiger climate classification". The University of Melbourne. Archived from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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