China Marine Surveillance

中国海监 China Marine Surveillance
Ensign of China Marine Surveillance.
Active	1998–2013
Country	China
Allegiance	China
Branch	State Oceanic Administration
Type	Paramilitary maritime law enforcement agency
Role	Enforcing laws and order in China's territorial waters, EEZ and other disputed waters
Garrison/HQ	Qingdao, Shanghai, and Guangzhou
Equipment	400 vessels and 10 aircraft
Insignia
Flag
Racing stripe

China Marine Surveillance (CMS; Chinese: 中国海监; pinyin: Zhōngguó Hǎijiān) was a maritime surveillance agency of China.^[1]

Patrol vessels from China Marine Surveillance was commonly deployed to locations in the South China Sea and East China Sea where China has territorial disputes over islands with its neighbors.^{[2][3][4][5][6]} The CMS has played a central role in China's increasing assertiveness in the South China Sea, encountering opposition from Japan, the Philippines and Vietnam in the disputed territories, as China tries to lock up natural resources to meet its demands as the world's largest energy consumer.^[7]

One senior US naval intelligence officer has suggested that the mission of China Marine Surveillance was to "harass other nations into submitting to China's expansive claims."^[6]

The agency has been disbanded in July 2013 and has now been merged, along with three other similar agencies,^[8] with the China Coast Guard.^[9]

Organization and function

Established 1998, the CMS, charged with the supervisory responsibility^{[clarification needed]} for some 3 million square kilometers of Chinese declared territorial waters, employs some 7,000 individuals and operates some 10 aircraft, including at least one Mil Mi-8 helicopter and two Harbin Y-12 utility planes, and 400 seagoing vessels.(Two Harbin Y-12 aircraft seen at Guilin airfield on a number of occasions in August 2013.) It has grown in fleet size and capability.^{[citation needed]} Its fleet was made up of, in part, destroyers and other former Chinese Navy vessels.^[10]

• Headquarters: Beijing.
• North China Sea Fleet. Qingdao, Shandong.
• East China Sea Fleet. Pudong, Shanghai.
• South China Sea Fleet. Guangzhou, Guangdong.

Disestablishment

In March 2013, China announced it shall create a unified Coast Guard commanded by the State Oceanic Administration. The move has now merged China Marine Surveillance with the China Coast Guard.^[11]

North China Sea Fleet

Main article: North China Sea Fleet

The North China Sea Fleet was led by both North China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

Name	Builder	Displacement	Commissioned	Home port	Status
Haijian 01 (Chinese: 中国海监 01)		54,18	2012		Renamed China Coast Guard 2401
Haijian 15 (Chinese: 中国海监 15)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	1,740	January 2011	Qingdao, Shandong	Renamed CCG-1115 under the China Coast Guard.
Haijian 23 (Chinese: 中国海监 23)		Renamed China Coast Guard 1123			Renamed China Coast Guard 2401
Haijian 26 (Chinese: 中国海监 26)		1125	April 2011	Qingdao, Shandong	Renamed China Coast Guard 1126
Haijian 110 (Chinese: 中国海监 110)		3,000	November 2012		Renamed China Coast Guard 1310. Formerly a tug boat Beituo 710 (Chinese: 北拖 710) in the North China Sea Fleet of PLA Navy
Haijian 111 (Chinese: 中国海监 111)		5,000	November 2012		Renamed China Coast Guard 1411. Formerly an icebreaker Haibing 723 (Chinese: 海冰 723)
Haijian 112 (Chinese: 中国海监 112)					Renanmed China Coast Guard 1212
Haijian 137 (Chinese: 中国海监 137)		3,000	November 2012		Renamed China Coast Guard 2337
Haijian 167 (Chinese: 中国海监 167)					Renamed China Coast Guard 3367
Haijian 168 (Chinese: 中国海监 168)					Renamed China Coast Guard 3368
Haijian 169 (Chinese: 中国海监 169)					Renamed China Coast Guard 3469
Haijian 852 (Chinese: 中国海监 852)					Decommissioned

East China Sea Fleet

Main article: East China Sea Fleet

The East China Sea Fleet was led by both East China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

Name	Builder	Displacement	Commissioned	Home port	Status
Haijian 41 (中国海监41)		201.51
Haijian 44 (中国海监44)		201.51
Haijian 46 (中国海监46)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	1,101	April 2005	Ningbo, Zhejiang	Active
Haijian 47 (中国海监47)		656.66	September 1973	Ningbo, Zhejiang	Active
Haijian 49 (中国海监49)		996.7	Around 1997	Ningbo, Zhejiang	Active
Haijian 50 (中国海监50)		3,336		Shanghai	Active
Haijian 51 (中国海监51)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	1,937	November 2005	Shanghai	Active
Haijian 52 (中国海监52)		2,421	2000	Shanghai	Planned to be inactive soon
Haijian 53 (中国海监53)		284
Haijian 66 (中国海监66)	Huangpu Shipbuilding	1,290

South China Sea Fleet

Main article: South China Sea Fleet

The South China Sea Fleet was led by both South China Sea Branch, State Oceanic Administration and China Marine Surveillance.

Name	Builder	Displacement	Commissioned	Home port	Status
Haijian 27 (中国海监27)		1,200			Active
Haijian 71 (Chinese: 中国海监71)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	1,111		Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong	Active
Haijian 72 (Chinese: 中国海监72)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	898.8		Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong	?
Haijian 73 (Chinese: 中国海监73)	Guangzhou Shipbuilding	1,118		Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong	Active. Formerly Xiangyanghong 03 (Chinese: 向阳红03)
Haijian 74 (Chinese: 中国海监74)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	996		Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong	Active.
Haijian 75 (Chinese: 中国海监75)	Huangpu Shipbuilding	1,290	October 2010	Haizhu, Guangzhou, Guangdong	Active
Haijian 78 (中国海监78)					Active
Haijian 79 (中国海监79)					Active
Haijian 83 (中国海监83)		3,980			Active
Haijian 84 (中国海监84)	Wuchang Shipbuilding	1,740	May 2011	Guangzhou, Guangdong	Active
Haijian 88 (中国海监88)					Active

Deployments around Senkaku Islands

See also: Senkaku Islands dispute

According to the State Oceanic Administration, the following operations in the territorial waters around Senkaku Islands have been carried out by CMS, which is now known as China Coast Guard.

Date	Ships	Operations	Japan's Reaction	Ref
September 14, 2012	Haijian 50, 15, 26, 27, 51, 66	Cruise and patrol	All six of the Chinese ships had left the waters by the afternoon. Japan's Chief Cabinet Secretary Osamu Fujimura told reporters "We strongly request that the Chinese authorities leave our territory". China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded and described the patrol as a "rights defense law enforcement action, to reflect the Chinese government's jurisdiction over the Diaoyu Islands and safeguard China's maritime rights and interests."	[12][13][14]
April 23, 2013	Haijian 51, 23, 46, 50, 15, 49, 66, 137	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe expressed "regret" over the incident when he attended a meeting of the Japanese House of Councillors Committee on Appropriations. Japanese Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs Chikao Kawai called in Cheng Yonghua, the China's ambassador to Japan, and raised a "strong protest" against China's actions. Kawai requested CMS ships to leave, which was denied by Cheng. Cheng reiterated China's stance that China owns indisputable sovereignty over Senkaku Islands and did not accept the protest.	[15][16][17][18][19][20][21]
April 26, 2013	Haijian 51, 23, 46	Cruise and patrol	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio.	[22][23][24][25]
May 5, 2013	Haijian 50, 15, 66	Cruise and patrol	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio.	[26][27][28]
May 13, 2013	Haijian 50, 15, 66	Cruise and patrol	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama protested to Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan.	[29][30][31]
May 17, 2013	Haijian 50, 26, 66	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio.	[32][33][34]
May 23, 2013	Haijian 66, 46, 26	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested China's "intrusion".	[35][36][37][38]
May 26, 2013	Haijian 66, 26, 46	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested this incident. China did not accept the protest.	[39][40][41][42]
June 14, 2013	Haijian 51, 23, 49	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area. The chair of the Asian and Oceanian Affairs Bureau of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan Shinsuke Sugiyama called Han Zhiqiang, the Chinese envoy to Japan, and protested this incident. China did not accept the protest.	[43][44][45]
June 22, 2013	Haijian 51, 23, 49	Monitored and expelled Japanese vessels	JCG ships warned the CMS ships to leave the area on radio.	[46][47]

Deployments within the South China Sea

Ordinals	Time	Ships	Operations	Vietnam's and Philippines' Reactions	Ref

See also

• Maritime law enforcement agencies in China
• People's Armed Police
• People's Liberation Army Navy

References

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