Cheng-Ming Chuong (Chinese: 鍾正明; born 1952) is a Taiwanese-American biomedical scientist.[1]
Education and personal life
He is a professor of pathology in University of Southern California, and academician of Academia Sinica in Taiwan.[1] Chuong grew up in Taipei, Taiwan, and graduated from Department of Medicine, Taiwan University in 1978.[2] He then went to the Rockefeller University to pursue Ph.D. degree, where he studied neural cell adhesion molecules and pattern formation with Gerald M. Edelman.[2] He received Ph.D. in 1983, and stayed as an assistant professor in the Rockefeller University till 1987.[2] With Edelman, he worked on identifying neural cell adhesion molecules and pattern formation in the brain.[3]
Career and research
He moved to the University of Southern California in 1987 and is currently a professor.[1] Chuong directs the Laboratory of Tissue Development and Engineering in the Department of Pathology, USC.[2] Using skin appendages as the experimental model, his team has studied how skin appendages undergo cyclic renewal and how these progenitor cells are guided to form specific tissue patterns and organ architectures in development, regeneration and evolution.[4] The research of his laboratory has been supported by National Institute of Health since 1988.[4][5]
He uses skin appendages as an experimental model and studies their organizing principles.[2] He has particularly focused on feather morphogenesis.[1] In 1998, he edited a book on “Epithelial Appendage Morphogenesis: Variations of a common theme and implications in regeneration“.[5] In 2003, he edited a special issue on the evolution and development of Integument with Dominique G. Homberger.[6] In 2009, he edited another special issue with Michael K. Richardson on Pattern Formation.[7] In 2016, he published an essay on “The Tao of integuments” in Science.[8] He is mostly notable for:
Tissue patterning in the developing skin. In 1998, Chuong’s laboratory showed how FGF/BMP fulfills Turing activator / inhibitor criteria in feather periodic pattern formation.[9] In 1999, they demonstrated self-organizing process in skin explants using dissociated dermal cells.[10] They further showed the assembly of dermal muscle network via mechanical force to build complex tissue patterning in the skin.[11]
Building region-specific feathers. Chuong’s laboratory set up a model to study feather follicle which allows them to identify feather stem cells and molecular circuits involved in forming radially symmetric, bilaterally symmetric, and bilaterally asymmetric feathers, as well as barb branch types (feather vane vs fluffy branches) from the proximal to distal feather.[12] In 2019, they publish a comprehensive paper on the bio-architecture and adaptation of flight feathers.[10] In addition to feather forms, they demonstrate melanocyte stem cells in feather follicles and how they form within-a-feather color patterns and how beta keratin gene clusters use a novel strategy for gene cluster regulation.[13][14]
Reveal collective regenerative behavior in a hair follicle population. Chuong’s team demonstrated intra-dermal adipose tissue exhibits BMP cycling which is out of phase with epidermal beta-catenin cycling in hair follicles.[15] Further, the intra-dermal adipose BMP remains high during pregnancy and lactation to maintain hairs for nursing.[16] These findings led to the concept that the extra-follicular macro-environment such as hormones, seasons, aging, can also modulate hair follicle stem cell activity.[17] They developed Cellular Automata model to describe this temporal patterning process.[18] Based on these, with topologically well-positioned hair plucking, they demonstrated an organ level quorum sensing process which can be hair regeneration more than those plucked.[19] Furthermore, they showed that tissue rigidity is involved in wound induced follicle neogenesis and can be modulated to enhance Turing periodic patterning process for de novo hair regeneration.[20] With these achievements, they are able to build reconstituted skin from dissociated progenitor cells for regenerative engineering.[10][21]
Evo-Devo of integumentary organs. In addition to the micro-evolution, which is the modification of organ shape, size, such as those seen in feathers, beaks, or tooth, Chuong’s team worked on the macro-evolution mechanisms by converting scales into feathers.[22] They demonstrated the different regenerative mechanism of three different integumentary follicle types, hair, feather, and tooth.[23] Chuong also works with paleontologists on Mesozoic feathers.[24] The "Birth of Birds" was chosen as one of the 10 breakthroughs in 2014 by Science.[25]
Honors and awards
1988: American Cancer Society Junior Faculty Research Award[26]
2018: Keynote, Taiwan Society for Developmental Biology[34]
2020: NIH R37 MERIT award status, “Tissue patterning in living skin and explant cultures”[35]
2021: Plenary talk, Am Association for Anatomy, annual meeting in Exp. Biology
Chuong has served as associated editors and in editorial boards in major developmental biology and dermatology journals.[36][37] His grant on tissue patterning is awarded MERIT status in 2020.[4]
He became honorary distinguished research professor of National Taiwan University, Taipei Medical University and several other major universities in Taiwan.[38][39] He helps set up Integrative Evolutionary Galliform Genomics (iEGG) in National Chung Hsing University,[13] International Wound Repair and Regenerative Center (iWRR) in National Cheng Kung University,[1] and Integrative Stem Cell Center for China Medical University in Taiwan.[38] He has helped organize stem cells, biomimetics, and avian model systems meeting in Taiwan.[40]
