Cassia (genus)

This article is about the legumes genus Cassia. For other uses, see Cassia (disambiguation).

Cassia
Cassia javanica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Tribe: Cassieae
Subtribe: Cassiinae
Genus: Cassia
L.
Species

Hundreds; see text

Synonyms[1][2]
  • Bactyrilobium Willd. (1809)
  • Cassia sect. Fistula DC. ex Colladon (1816)
  • Cassia subgen. Fistula (DC.) Benth. (1870)
  • Cassia sensu Link (1831)
  • Cassia subgen. vel sect. Fistula sensu Benth. (1871)
  • Cassia subgen. Cassia sensu De Wit (1955)
  • Cassia sensu Irwin & Barneby (1981)
  • Cassiana Raf. (1818)
  • Cathartocarpus Pers. (1805_ (pro parte)
  • Mac-leayia Montrouz. (1860)

Cassia is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, and the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. Species are known commonly as cassias. The genus includes 37 species and has a pantropical distribution.[2] Species of the genera Senna and Chamaecrista were previously included in Cassia. Cassia now generally includes the largest species of the legume subtribe Cassiinae, usually mid-sized to tall trees.

Cassia is also the English common name of some unrelated species in the genus Cinnamomum of the family Lauraceae.

Ecology

Cassia fistula

Cassia species occur in a range of climates. Some can be utilized widely as ornamental plants. They have been used in reforestation projects, and species from desert climates can be used to prevent desertification.

Cassia species are used as food plants by the caterpillars of many lepidopteran taxa. For example, the skipper Astraptes fulgerator and the pierids Catopsilia pomona and C. pyranthe are all seen on Cassia fistula. The latter utilizes several other cassias, as well.

The plant pathogenic viruses cassia yellow blotch bromovirus and cassia yellow spot potyvirus were first described from Cassia.

Uses

Cassia sieberiana fruits

Because the name Cassia is not precise, it is sometimes difficult to know what is meant by references to plants known as "cassias". Cassia gum, for example, is made from Senna obtusifolia, a species formerly included in genus Cassia.

Genera Cassia and Senna are both known in systems of traditional medicine. Cassia fistula, for example, is used in Ayurvedic medicine.[citation needed]

There exists some culinary use for cassias. The fruit of some species is edible. In Central America, its pods are stewed into a molasses-like syrup, taken as a sweetener and for its nutritional and medicinal effects. Some have toxins in their seeds, however.

Systematics and taxonomy

There are hundreds of Cassia species, but it is unclear just how many. One estimate stands at 692.[3] The genus was a wastebasket taxon for a long time, used to classify plants that did not fit well anywhere else. Over 1000 species have belonged to Cassia over the years.[4] Many taxa have since been transferred to more appropriate genera, such as Senna. Plants of the World Online accepts 37 species.[2]

Species

Cassia comprises the following species:[2][4][5]

Cassia occidentalis

See also

References

  1. ^ Irwin HS, Barneby RC (1982). The American Cassiinae: A synoptical revision of Leguminosae tribe Cassieae subtribe Casiinae in the New World, Part 1 (PDF). Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden. OCLC 8553234. b1010840.
  2. ^ a b c d Cassia L. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 14 August 2023.
  3. ^ Frodin DG (2004). "History and concepts of big plant genera". Taxon. 53 (3): 753–776. doi:10.2307/4135449. JSTOR 4135449.
  4. ^ a b "ILDIS LegumeWeb entry for Cassia". International Legume Database & Information Service. Cardiff School of Computer Science & Informatics. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  5. ^ USDA; ARS; National Genetic Resources Program. "GRIN species records of Cassia". Germplasm Resources Information Network—(GRIN) [Online Database]. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
  6. ^ "Cassia brewsteri". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  7. ^ "Cassia fistula". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  • Media related to Cassia at Wikimedia Commons