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Callawayasaurus; Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 125.45–122.46 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
	Skull of Callawayasaurus colombiensis displayed in the Paleontological Museum of Villa de Leyva
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Superorder:	†Sauropterygia
Order:	†Plesiosauria
Family:	†Elasmosauridae
Genus:	†Callawayasaurus; Carpenter, 1999
Species:	†C. colombiensis
Binomial name
	†Callawayasaurus colombiensis; (Wells, 1962 [originally Alzadasaurus])
Synonyms
	Alzadasaurus colombiensis Wells, 1962; Callawayosaurus lapsus calami;

Callawayasaurus is a genus of plesiosaur from the family Elasmosauridae. When the holotype was first described by Samuel Paul Welles in 1962,^[1] it was described as Alzadasaurus colombiensis before being moved into its current genus by Kenneth Carpenter in 1999.^[2]

History

Callawayasaurus is named in honor of the paleontologist Jack M. Callaway, editor of Ancient Marine Reptiles who, as Carpenter put it, "in his brief career as a vertebrate paleontologist, did much to improve our understanding of marine reptiles."^[2] The familiar suffix, -saurus comes from the Greek sauros (σαυρος), meaning "lizard" or "reptile."^[3]

Description

Callawayasaurus was a large plesiosaur, with a skull length of 35 centimetres (1 ft 2 in) and body length of 7.4–8 metres (24–26 ft).^[4]^[5] The nares of Callawayasaurus are elongated and positioned over the maxilla, which has 3-5 teeth.^[3] The neck contains 56 vertebrae which are relatively short compared to other elasmosaurids.^[3] Callawayasaurus fossils have no pectoral bars; in common with other plesiosaurs such as Terminonatator. They also lack postaxial accessory facets.^[6]

Another nearly complete skeleton was found to be slightly more robust than the holotype specimen. This subtle change may indicate sexual dimorphism.^[3]

Paleoenvironment

The first Callawayasaurus remains were found in the Paja Formation near Leiva, Boyaca Colombia.^[3] The specific name for the type, "columbiensis", means "from Colombia".^[3] Callawayasaurus are known from the Aptian faunal stage of the early Cretaceous period, which extended from 125 to 112 million years ago.^[7]

References

^ S. P. Welles. (1962). A new species of elasmosaur from the Aptian of Colombia and a review of the Cretaceous plesiosaurs. University of California Publications in Geological Sciences 44(1):1-96
^ ^a ^b Carpenter, K. 1999. "Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior". Paludicola 2(2):148-173.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "ppne.co.uk entry on Callawayasaurus". Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
^ Maxwell, E.E.; Cortés, D.; Patarroyo, P.; Ruge, M.L.P. (2019). "A new specimen of Platypterygius sachicarum (Reptilia, Ichthyosauria) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia and its phylogenetic implications". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1). e1577875. Bibcode:2019JVPal..39E7875M. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1577875. S2CID 146059015.
^ Karoll Valentina Yomayuza Herrera (2019). "Desarrollo conceptual para un diorama representativo del Cretácico Inferior de la Formación Paja en la región del Alto Ricaurte". Tesis de grado Universidad de los Andes.
^ Patrick S. Druckenmiller and Anthony P. Russell., "A new Elasmosaurid Plesiosaur (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the lower Cretaceous Clearwater Formation, Northeastern Alberta, Canada". Vertebrate Morphology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary
^ "stratigraphy.org entry on Apitan stage". Archived from the original on 2008-02-09. Retrieved 2008-03-06.