Case was a member of the Wyoming House of Representatives from 1994 through 1998. He has been a member of the Wyoming Senate since 1999.[3] Case has been a longtime chairman of the Senate Corporations, Elections, and Political Subdivisions Committee.[3] In the state Senate, Case represents Fremont County District 25. The district includes an area along the Wind River Front, including Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho constituencies.[3]
Case is known for his contrarian[3] and libertarian views.[3][4] He endorsed Ron Paul in the 2008 Republican presidential primaries.[4] In 2013, Case spoke in opposition to two nominees to the Wyoming Public Service Commission selected by Governor Matt Mead, and the two appointments were rejected by the Senate, a rare step. Case said that the nominees were unqualified and called for the governor to consider more economist nominees to the Commission.[5]
Although usually a strong opponent of tax increases,[8][9] Case supported a 2019 bill that would have created a corporate income tax targeted mostly at big-box stores. (The legislation did not pass).[8][9] Case has also been a longtime leading proponent of higher taxes on wind energy.[10][11][12]
In 2012, Case supported a resolution urging Congress to grant federal funding to remediate uranium contamination at the Riverton Uranium Mill Tailings, an abandoned uranium mill at the Wind River Indian Reservation. Case noted that the tribes lacked the resources to clean up the site without federal aid.[13] In 2019, Case supported legislation to end net metering in Wyoming, which allowed small-scale solar power users to sell their surplus electricity to the utility company, saving money. Case described net metering as a "subsidy" that put a strain on the utility and on customers who did not use solar power.[14]
In 2019, as co-chairman of the Joint Revenue Committee, Case supported legislation for Wyoming to accept the Medicaid expansion, extending health insurance coverage to an estimated 19,000 Wyomingites saying: "I'd like to hang tough, I suppose, and say people ought to find their own insurance that the health care markets work, but I think the health care markets are really screwed up, I really do. And I think without insurance you are at a real disadvantage to get care, especially if you have a chronic disease."[15] In 2021, Case supported a bill to create tolls for Interstate 80 in Wyoming, one of the state's largest highways; the bill narrowly passed the Senate.[16]
In 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wyoming, Case opposed the federal mandates requiring certain employers with more than 100 employees to require employees to be vaccinated against COVID-19 or be tested regularly. However, Case opposed the calling of a special session of the state legislature to pass anti-vaccine mandate legislation.[17] During the session, Case opposed legislation that would ban insurance companies and private businesses from denying services to customers who are not vaccinated against COVID-19, citing the rights of private enterprise.[18]