Brotogeris

Brotogeris
Plain parakeet
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Psittaciformes
Family:	Psittacidae
Subfamily:	Arinae
Genus:	Brotogeris Vigors, 1825
Type species
Psittacus pyrrhopterus (grey-cheeked parakeet) Latham, 1801
Species
see text

Brotogeris is a genus of small parrots endemic to Central and South America. Their closest relatives are the monk parakeet and the cliff parakeet in the genus Myiopsitta. They eat seeds and fruit.^[1] The word brotogeris means "having the voice of a human". In the language of their native countries, which is mostly Spanish, they are called pericos – the translation of which is "parakeet". Their average lifespan is 15 years, although some have been reported to have lived up to 35 years. Also, the bird was found in Rio Grande do Sul in South America.^{[citation needed]}

Taxonomy

The genus Brotogeris was introduced in 1825 by Irish zoologist Nicholas Aylward Vigors with the grey-cheeked parakeet as the type species.^[2][3] The name is from the Ancient Greek brotogērus meaning "with human voice".^[4]

The genus contains eight species:^[5]

Image	Common Name	Scientific name	Distribution
	Tui parakeet	Brotogeris sanctithomae	Brazil, and Amazonian Peru, Bolivia, eastern Ecuador, and south-eastern Colombia.
	Plain parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	Brazil.
	White-winged parakeet	Brotogeris versicolurus	southeast Colombia to the river's mouth in Brazil.
	Yellow-chevroned parakeet, canary-winged parakeet	Brotogeris chiriri	central Brazil to southern Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina.
	Grey-cheeked parakeet	Brotogeris pyrrhoptera	northwestern Peru and western Ecuador
	Orange-chinned parakeet, Tovi parakeet	Brotogeris jugularis [1]	from Mexico, through Central America, to Venezuela.
	Cobalt-winged parakeet	Brotogeris cyanoptera	Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; and Brazil
	Golden-winged parakeet	Brotogeris chrysoptera	Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, (the Guianas), and Venezuela

Phylogeny

The species form a monophyletic group whose closest relatives are the monk parakeet and the cliff parakeet in the genus Myiopsitta. Within Brotogeris the species are divided into two separate clades.^[6]

Myiopsitta Monk parakeet, Myiopsitta monachus Brotogeris Plain parakeet, Brotogeris tirica White-winged parakeet, Brotogeris versicolurus Yellow-chevroned parakeet, Brotogeris chiriri Tui parakeet, Brotogeris sanctithomae Grey-cheeked parakeet, Brotogeris pyrrhoptera Orange-chinned parakeet, Brotogeris jugularis Cobalt-winged parakeet, Brotogeris cyanoptera Golden-winged parakeet, Brotogeris chrysoptera

Gallery

• 
  Plain parakeet
  (B. tirica)
• 
  Grey-cheeked parakeet
  (B. pyrrhoptera)
• 
  Yellow-chevroned parakeet
  (B. chiriri)
• 
  Orange-chinned parakeet
  (B. jugularis)
• 
  Cobalt-winged parakeet
  (B. cyanoptera)
• 
  Tui parakeet
  (B. sanctithomae)

References

1. Alderton, David (2003). The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds. London, England: Hermes House. p. 196. ISBN 1-84309-164-X.
2. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "On the arrangement of the genera of birds". Zoological Journal. 2: 391–405 [400].
3. Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 205.
4. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 78. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
5. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
6. Ribas, C.C.; Miyaki, C.Y.; Cracraft, J. (2009). "Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and biogeography in Neotropical Brotogeris parakeets". Journal of Biogeography. 36 (9): 1712–1729. Bibcode:2009JBiog..36.1712R. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02131.x. S2CID 84453966.

Further reading

Bencke, Glayson A., 2010.New and significant bird records from Rio Grande do Sul, with comments on biogeography and conservation of the southern Brazilian avifauna. IHERINGIA SERIE ZOOLOGIA, 100(4), 391–402. 10.1590/S0073-47212010000400014