Bothrocophias

Bothrocophias
Bothrocophias hyoprora
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Squamata
Suborder:	Serpentes
Family:	Viperidae
Subfamily:	Crotalinae
Genus:	Bothrocophias Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001

Bothrocophias is a genus of pit vipers in the subfamily Crotalinae of the family Viperidae, known by the common name toadheaded pit vipers.^[1] The genus is endemic to South America.^[2]

Taxonomy

Bothrocophias is a relatively recently identified genus that consists of four^[3] to nine^[2] species, most of which were traditionally placed in Bothrops.

Oviparity

Recent evidence published by Campbell and Lamar (1989, 2004) suggests that Bothrocophias colombianus may lay eggs rather than give birth to live young. This would make it almost unique among New World pitvipers (but not Asian species). The only other American pitvipers known to lay eggs are the four species of bushmaster (Lachesis).

Species

The following nine species are recognized as being valid.^[2]

Image	Species	Common name	Geographic range
	Bothrocophias andianus (Amaral, 1923)		Bolivia and Peru
	Bothrocophias campbelli (Freire-Lascano, 1991)	Campbell's toadheaded viper the Ecuadorian toadheaded pitviper víbora boca de sapo	Ecuador
	Bothrocophias colombianus (Rendahl & Vestergren, 1940)	Colombian toad-headed pitviper	Columbia
	Bothrocophias hyoprora (Amaral, 1935)	Amazonian toad-headed pitviper	Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Peru, and Bolivia
	Bothrocophias lojanus (Parker, 1930)	Lojan lancehead macanchi macaucho	Ecuador, Peru
	Bothrocophias microphthalmus (Cope, 1876)	small-eyed toad-headed pit viper	Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia and Brazil
	Bothrocophias myersi (Gutberlet & Campbell, 2001)	Myers toadheaded pitviper	Colombia
	Bothrocophias myrringae Angarita-Sierra, Cubides-Cubillos, & Hurtado-Gómez, 2022	High-Andean Toad-Headed Pitviper	Colombia
	Bothrocophias tulitoi Angarita-Sierra, Cubides-Cubillos, & Hurtado-Gómez, 2022		Colombia

Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Bothrocophias.

References

1. Surgery, Department of the Navy Bureau of Medicine and (September 1, 2013). Venomous Snakes of the World: A Manual for Use by U.S. Amphibious Forces. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 9781628734164 – via Google Books.
2. Bothrocophias at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 11 June 2019.
3. Bothrocophias . ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2010 Annual Checklist. Consulted: 2010-08-15.

Further reading

• Campbell JA, Lamar WW (1989). The Venomous Reptiles of Latin America. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates. 440 pp. ISBN 978-0801420597.
• Gutberlet RL, Campbell JA (2001). "Generic Recognition for a Neglected Lineage of South Amnerican Pitvipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Crotalinae), with the Description of a New Species from the Colombian Chocó ". American Museum Novitates (3316): 1–15. (Bothrocophias, new genus, p. 4). (Bothrocophias myersi, new species, p. 7).