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Black Dahlia suspects

Many Black Dahlia suspects, or persons of interest, have been proposed as the unidentified killer of Elizabeth Short, nicknamed the "Black Dahlia", who was murdered in 1947. Many conspiracy theories have been advanced, but none have been found to be completely persuasive by experts, and some are not taken seriously at all.

The murder investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department was the largest since the murder of Marion Parker in 1927, and involved hundreds of officers borrowed from other law enforcement agencies. Sensational and sometimes inaccurate press coverage, as well as the nature of the crime, focused intense public attention on the case. As the case continues to command public attention, many more people have been proposed as Short's killer, much like London's Jack the Ripper murders.

Male suspects

Norman Chandler

Donald Wolfe's 2005 book The Black Dahlia Files: The Mob, the Mogul, and the Murder That Transfixed Los Angeles names Norman Chandler, publisher of the Los Angeles Times from 1945-1960, as a suspect in the murder.[1] In a complicated scenario involving multiple perpetrators, Wolfe claims that Chandler impregnated Short while she was working as a call girl for the notorious Hollywood "madam" Brenda Allen, which led to her murder at the hands of gangster Bugsy Siegel.[1]

Mark Hansen

Hansen was a Hollywood nightclub owner at whose home Short lived, either as a paying boarder or as a guest, on several occasions between May 1946 and October 1946. Hansen's girlfriend Ann Toth shared a room with Short in this house, which was near Hansen's nightclub. Short called Hansen from San Diego on January 8, making him one of the last people known to have spoken to her.[2] The Los Angeles County District Attorney's files indicate that Hansen made contradictory statements to authorities about the nature of this conversation. An address book embossed with Hansen's name was among Short's belongings mailed to the Los Angeles Examiner after her murder by someone claiming to be the killer. The address book belonged to Hansen, but he had never used it; Short had been using it as her own. The D.A.'s files also indicate that Hansen had tried to seduce and kiss Short but was rebuffed. He was one of the first serious suspects in the case and he was still a prime suspect as late as 1951. Hansen was also linked to three other suspects, each of whom was a medical doctor: Dr. Patrick S. O'Reilly, Dr. M. M. Schwartz, and Dr. Arthur McGinnis Faught.[3] Hansen died of natural causes in 1964. No charges were ever brought against him. He had no criminal record and no history of violence. LAPD Police Chief William Worton told the Los Angeles Examiner that there was absolutely no case against Hansen.[4]

George Hodel

Dr. George Hill Hodel, Jr. came under police scrutiny in October 1949, when his 14-year-old daughter, Tamar, accused him of molesting her. Despite three witnesses testifying that they had seen Hodel having sex with Tamar, he was acquitted in December 1949.[5] The trial led the LAPD to include Hodel, a physician specializing in sexually transmitted diseases, among its many suspects in the Dahlia case. Police put Hodel under surveillance from February 18 to March 27, 1950, to ascertain whether he could be implicated in the murder. In the surviving transcripts of microphone recordings, Hodel was heard making highly incriminating statements.

Supposin' I did kill the Black Dahlia. They couldn't prove it now. They can't talk to my secretary anymore because she's dead.... They thought there was something fishy. Anyway, now they may have figured it out. Killed her. Maybe I did kill my secretary....

— George Hodel. February 18, 1950

The secretary referred to was Ruth Spaulding, who police had previously suspected of being murdered by Hodel in 1945. He was present when Spaulding overdosed and had burnt some of her papers before police were called. The case was dropped owing to lack of evidence, but documents were later found that indicated Spaulding was about to publicly accuse Hodel of intentionally misdiagnosing patients and billing them for laboratory tests, medical treatment, and prescriptions not needed. Hodel's son, former LAPD homicide detective Steve Hodel, believes Short may have been one of his father's patients.

In the final report to the grand jury, dated February 20, 1951, Lt. Frank Jemison of the Los Angeles County D.A.'s office wrote:

Doctor George Hodel, M.D. 5121 Fountain [Franklin] Avenue, at the time of this murder had a clinic at East First Street near Alameda. Lillian DeNorak [Lenorak] who lived with this doctor said he spent some time around the Biltmore Hotel and identified the photo of victim Short as a photo of one of the doctor's girl friends. Tamar Hodel, fifteen-year-old daughter, stated that her mother, Dorothy Hodel, has told her that her father had been out all night on a party the night of the murder and said, "They'll never be able to prove I did that murder." Two microphones were placed in this suspect's home (see the log and recordings made over approximately three weeks time which tend to prove his innocence.[6] See statement of Dorothy Hodel,[7] former wife). Informant Lillian DeNorak [Lenorak] has been committed to the State Mental Institution at Camarillo. Joe Barrett, a roomer at the Hodel residence cooperated as an informant. A photograph of the suspect in the nude with a nude identified colored model was secured from his personal effects. Undersigned identified this model as Mattie Comfort, 3423½ South Arlington, Republic 4953. She said that she was with Doctor Hodel sometime prior to the murder and that she knew nothing about his being associated with the victim. Rudolph Walthers, known to have been acquainted with victim and also with suspect Hodel, claimed he had not seen victim in the presence of Hodel and did not believe that the doctor had ever met the victim. The following acquaintances of Hodel were questioned and none were able to connect the suspect with murder: Fred Sexton, 1020 White Knoll Drive; Nita Moladero, 1617½ North Normandy [Normandie]; Ellen Taylor 5121 Fountain Avenue; Finlay Thomas, 616½ South Normandy [Normandie]; Mildred B. Colby, 4029 Vista Del Monte Street, Sherman Oaks, this witness was a girlfriend of Charles Smith, abortionist friend of Hodel, Turin Gilkey, 1025 North Wilcox; Irene Summerset, 1236¼ North Edgemont; Norman Beckett, 1025 North Wilcox; Ethel Kane, 1033 North Wilcox; Annette Chase, 1039 North Wilcox; Dorothy Royer, 1636 North Beverly Glenn. See supplemental reports, long sheets and hear recordings, all of which tend to eliminate this suspect.

The report, from which the above excerpt was taken, was submitted at the completion of the D.A.'s investigation of Hodel and at least 21 other suspects.

In 2003, Steve Hodel published a book, Black Dahlia Avenger; A Genius for Murder, in which he claimed his father, who died in 1999, had murdered Short and was responsible for other unsolved killings over two decades. Steve had seen two pictures in his father's photo album that he claims resemble Short, although her family insists they are not of her and many other observers have failed to see the resemblance. Since beginning his investigation, Steve located and identified one of the photographic subjects as a former friend of George Hodel. The other photograph remains unidentified. Steve claims he was unaware at the time that his father had been a suspect, although his sister Tamar was friends with Janice Knowlton, author of her own book, Daddy Was The Black Dahlia Killer, and case documents make it clear that Steve's parents and many of their associates knew George Hodel was a suspect. After reviewing the information presented in Steve's book, Head Deputy D.A. Stephen Kay proclaimed the case solved, but others have noted that he had formed this conclusion by treating Steve's many disputed assertions as established fact. Detective Brian Carr, the LAPD officer in charge of the Black Dahlia case at the time of Steve's briefing, said in a televised interview that he was baffled by Kay's response. In a September 2006 television interview, Carr added, "I don't have the time to either prove or disprove Hodel's investigation. I am too busy working on active cases." In 2009, Hodel published Most Evil: Avenger, Zodiac, and the Further Serial Murders of Dr. George Hill Hodel, in which he claimed that his father was also the Zodiac Killer.[8]

Author James Ellroy endorsed Steve Hodel's theory in 2004,[9] but has since refused to discuss the case publicly.[10] Steve Hodel maintains a website wherein he continues to update the case with additional discovered information.[11]

George Knowlton

Little reliable information is available on George Knowlton, except that he lived in the Los Angeles area at the time of the Black Dahlia murder and died in an automobile accident in 1962.

In the early 1990s, George Knowlton's daughter Janice began claiming that she had witnessed her father murdering Elizabeth Short, a claim she based largely on "recovered memories" that surfaced during therapy for depression after a hysterectomy. Based on these recovered memories, Knowlton published Daddy Was The Black Dahlia Killer with veteran crime writer Michael Newton in 1995. In the book, Knowlton, a former professional singer and owner of a public relations company, alleged that her father had been having an affair with Elizabeth Short and that Short was staying in a makeshift bedroom in their garage, where she suffered a miscarriage.[12] George Knowlton allegedly murdered Short in the garage and bisected her in the sink, then forced his then ten-year-old daughter Janice to accompany him when he disposed of the body. According to Knowlton, Short was a sex worker and a procurer of children for a child trafficking ring. Knowlton claimed that a former member of the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department told her that her father was considered a suspect in the case by that agency, but this claim is unsupported by the public documents that have been released in the case. She claimed the same source told her that future LAPD chief and California politician Ed Davis and Los Angeles County District Attorney Buron Fitts were suspects in the murder as well. The Los Angeles Times wrote in 1991:

Los Angeles Police Detective John P. St. John, one of the investigators who had been assigned to the case, said he has talked to Knowlton and does not believe there is a connection between the Black Dahlia murder and her father. "We have a lot of people offering up their fathers and various relatives as the Black Dahlia killer," said St. John, better known as Jigsaw John. "The things that she is saying are not consistent with the facts of the case.

Nevertheless, Westminster, California police took her claims seriously enough to dig up the grounds around her childhood home there, looking for evidence.[13] They found nothing to tie George Knowlton to any crime.[13]

In a side note to her accusations against her father, Janice Knowlton, who was a frequent contributor as jgk61 to various online forums wherein the Black Dahlia case was discussed, posted an article[14]

Knowlton also made claims prefiguring those of Black Dahlia Files author Donald Wolfe. In 1999, she claimed in various public forums that Norman Chandler participated in a coverup of the murder. Knowlton claimed that on Halloween 1946, she was sold at the age of nine as a child prostitute to a Pasadena satanic sex cult.[15]

Knowlton became somewhat infamous within online Black Dahlia discussion communities for her insistence that the LAPD was engaged in a conspiracy to discredit her story in order to conceal their knowledge of George Knowlton's involvement. She was so abusive in her Usenet posts[16] that Pacific Bell canceled her account in 1999. On March 5, 2004, Janice Knowlton died of an overdose of prescription drugs in what was deemed a suicide by the Orange County, California, coroner's office.[17]

Robert M. "Red" Manley

The last person seen with Elizabeth Short before her disappearance, Manley was the LAPD's top suspect in the first few days after the killing. After two polygraph tests and a sworn alibi, Manley was set free. He also identified Short's handbag purse and one of her shoes after they were discovered in a trashcan on January 25, 1947, several miles from the murder scene.[18] Manley, who had been discharged from the army for mental disability, subsequently suffered a series of nervous breakdowns and claimed to be hearing voices. As a result, he was committed to Patton State Hospital by his wife in 1954. He died on January 16, 1986. The coroner attributed his death to an accidental fall.[19]

Patrick S. O'Reilly

According to Los Angeles district attorney files, Dr. Patrick O'Reilly was a medical doctor who knew Short through nightclub owner Mark Hansen. According to the files, at the time of the murder O'Reilly was a good friend of Hansen and frequented Hansen's nightclub. Files also state that O'Reilly "attended sex parties at Malibu" with Hansen. O'Reilly had a history of sexually motivated violent crime. He had been convicted of assault with a deadly weapon for "taking his secretary to a motel and sadistically beating her almost to death apparently for no other reason than to satisfy his sexual desires without intercourse," the files state. Further, the files indicate that O'Reilly's right pectoral had been surgically removed, which investigators found similar to the mutilation of Short's body. The files indicate that O'Reilly had once been married to the daughter of an LAPD captain who was also bisexual.[3]

Jack Anderson Wilson (a.k.a. Arnold Smith)

Wilson was a lifelong petty criminal and alcoholic who was interviewed by author John Gilmore while Gilmore was researching his book Severed. After Wilson's death, Gilmore named Wilson as a suspect owing to his alleged acquaintance with Short. Prior to Wilson's death, however, Gilmore made an entirely different claim to the Los Angeles Herald-Examiner in a story appearing January 17, 1982.[20]

Female suspects

Although the vast majority of suspects in the case were male, authorities did not rule out the possibility of a female killer. One theory held that, because Short had checked her baggage, including her clothing and cosmetics, a week before she died, she must have been staying with another woman (who presumably would have lent Short the essentials) during the intervening time. Another theory was that the assailant bisected Short's body because he or she was not strong enough to move it in one piece. One of the first people to confess to the murder was a WAC sergeant stationed in San Diego. Authorities took the confession seriously enough to investigate and found it groundless.[21]

Celebrity suspects

Orson Welles

In her 2000 book, Mary Pacios, a former neighbor of the Short family in Medford, Massachusetts, suggested filmmaker Orson Welles as a suspect.[22]

Bugsy Siegel

Los Angeles mobster Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel was allegedly a suspect in the murder investigation of Short.[23] The reason why he was a suspect is unclear, especially since Siegel was more concerned with the Flamingo Hotel and Casino at the time and he was known to be a "lady's man" not a "lady's killer." Also, Siegel was involved with Chicago Outfit starlet, and his on-off girlfriend Virginia Hill. Still, according to Don Wolfe's book The Black Dahlia Files: The Mob, the Mogul, and the Murder That Transfixed Los Angeles,[24]

References

  1. ^ a b Wolfe, Don (2006-09-05). The Black Dahlia Files: The Mob, the Mogul, and the Murder That Transfixed Los Angeles. Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060582500.
  2. ^ Black Dahlia – News
  3. ^ a b Black Dahlia – News 2
  4. ^ "Los Angeles Examiner". December 7, 1949.
  5. ^ Nelson, Mark; Sarah Hudson Bayliss (2006). Exquisite Corpse: Surrealism and the Black Dahlia Murder. New York: Bulfinch Press. Pg 26. ISBN 0-8212-5819-2
  6. ^ Larry Harnisch. "Heaven Is HERE! Elizabeth Short, the Black Dahlia. Dr. George Hodel Transcripts". Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  7. ^ "Interrogation of Dorothy Harvey Hodel". Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  8. ^ Hodel, Steve; Pezzullo, Ralph (2009-09-22). Most Evil: Avenger, Zodiac, and the Further Serial Murders of Dr. George Hill Hodel. Penguin. ISBN 9781101140352.
  9. ^ Lopez, Steve (2004-05-23). "Writing the Last Word on a Mystery?". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  10. ^ Mostrom, Tony (2017-01-12). "How the Black Dahlia Murder Became a Twin Obsession for Two L.A. Writers". L.A. Weekly. Retrieved 2017-11-15.
  11. ^ "Black Dahlia Information". Steve Hodel.
  12. ^ Note that Short's autopsy by Dr. Frederick Newbarr found no evidence of pregnancy: "The uterus is small, and no pregnancy is apparent." As quoted in Newton, 2009, p. 46
  13. ^ a b McLellan, Dennis (2004-12-19). "Janice Knowlton, 67; Believed That Her Father Killed the Black Dahlia". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Retrieved 2017-11-16.
  14. ^ "Co-author of "Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer," Pocket Books".
  15. ^ Knowlton, Janice, with Michael Newton (1995). Daddy Was the Black Dahlia Killer. New York: Pocket Books. Pg 128.
  16. ^ "Black Dahlia murder".
  17. ^ McLellen, Dennis (14 December 2004). "Janice Knowlton, 67; Believed That Her Father Killed The Black Dahlia". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 26 December 2016.
  18. ^ The Black Dahlia Murder, aka Elizabeth Short - The Crime library Archived December 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  19. ^ Black Dahlia Murder Suspects – Beth Short Murder – The Crime library Archived December 14, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  20. ^ Larry Harnisch. "Heaven Is HERE! Author claims to have found 1947 murderer". Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  21. ^ Black Dahlia – News 2
  22. ^ Jeff Chorney (16 August 2000). "Citizen Killer?". Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  23. ^ "Adding to mystery of the Black Dahlia". Los Angeles Times. 17 January 2006. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  24. ^ Wolfe, Don (2006-09-05). The Black Dahlia Files: The Mob, the Mogul, and the Murder That Transfixed Los Angeles: Don Wolfe. ISBN 9780060582500.

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Qayamat Se Qayamat TakPoster FilmSutradara Mansoor Khan Produser Nasir Hussain Ditulis oleh Nasir Hussain PemeranAamir KhanJuhi ChawlaDalip TahilAlok NathPenata musikAnand-MilindSinematograferKiran DeohansPenyuntingZafar SultanPerusahaanproduksiNasir Hussain FilmsTanggal rilis 29 April 1988 (1988-04-29)[1] Durasi163 menitNegara India Bahasa Hindi Pendapatankotor₹5 crore[2] Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (Inggris: From Doom till Doom), juga dikenal dengan inisial QSQT, a…

Stream in Georgia, United States Nancy Creek by Murphey Candler Park Nancy Creek is a 16.3-mile-long (26.2 km)[1] stream in northern Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It begins in far northern DeKalb County, just north of Chamblee, and flows southwestward into Fulton County, through the far southeast corner of Sandy Springs, then through the Buckhead area of Atlanta. It empties into Peachtree Creek, which then flows into the Chattahoochee River, south of Vinings and Paces. The Chatta…

Closed United States Air Force General Surveillance Radar station This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Las Vegas Air Force Station – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Las Vegas Air Force Station Part of Air Defense Command…

1965 film by Spencer Gordon Bennet For the 1966 film, see The Ugly Ones. The Bounty KillerTheatrical release posterDirected bySpencer Gordon BennetScreenplay byRuth AlexanderLeo GordonProduced byAlex GordonStarringDan DuryeaRod CameronAudrey DaltonRichard ArlenBuster CrabbeFuzzy KnightJohnny Mack BrownCinematographyFrederick E. WestEdited byRonald SinclairMusic byRonald SteinProductioncompanyPremiere ProductionsDistributed byEmbassy PicturesRelease date July 31, 1965 (1965-07-31) …

Comune in Friuli Venezia Giulia, ItalyAquileia Olee / Acuilee (Friulian)ComuneComune di AquileiaThe Basilica of Aquileia. Coat of armsLocation of Aquileia AquileiaLocation of Aquileia in ItalyShow map of ItalyAquileiaAquileia (Friuli-Venezia Giulia)Show map of Friuli-Venezia GiuliaCoordinates: 45°46′11.01″N 13°22′16.29″E / 45.7697250°N 13.3711917°E / 45.7697250; 13.3711917CountryItalyRegionFriuli Venezia GiuliaProvinceUdine (UD)FrazioniBeligna, Belved…

William Saville-Kent painted these corals while visiting the Houtman Abrolhos in 1894. He referred to them as Madrepora, but that name was then applied to virtually any hard coral, and the genus as now circumscribed does not occur in the Abrolhos. The marine waters of the Houtman Abrolhos, an island chain off the coast of Western Australia, have been recorded as containing 194 species of coral in 50 genera. This is a surprisingly high coral diversity, considering the high latitude of the reef, a…

Seorang wanita dengan potongan rambut bob yang terlihat dari belakang Potongan rambut bob adalah sebuah model potongan rambut pendek hingga sedang, di mana rambut biasanya dipotong lurus di sekitar kepala dengan tinggi setara rahang, sering kali dengan sebuah pinggiran (atau poni) di depan.[1] Bob menjadi salah satu model potongan rambut yang tak lekang oleh zaman, dan terus menjadi tren di kalangan wanita dari masa ke masa. Potongan rambut bob pertama kali dikenal di tahun 1890,[2&#…

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