Beer in Chile

The primary beer brewed and consumed in Chile is pale lager, though the country also has a tradition of brewing corn beer, known as chicha. Chile's beer history has a strong German influence – some of the bigger beer producers are from the country's southern lake district, a region populated by a great number of German immigrants during the 19th century. Chile also produces English ale-style craft beers while also developing its own craft beer identity.^[1]

The city of Valdivia in southern Chile is often referred as Chile's "beer capital".^[2]

History

There is long tradition of brewing a drink called chicha^[3] that might be classified as corn beer by modern standards, though is not considered as such in South America. Chicha was originally brewed with corn, influenced by the Andean cultures of northern Chile and Peru, but during colonial times apple and grape chicha started to be brewed across the country as a cheaper alternative to wine. There were at least four major alcoholic drinks during colonial times in Chile: wine, pisco-aguardiente, apple chicha and grape chicha.

Cerveceria Anwandter, Valdivia, circa 1900

Modern beer (Spanish, cerveza chilena) history in Chile began in the 19th century when European beer was first introduced in the years after Chile gained independence.^[4] With the arrival of German immigrants to southern Chile around 1850, massive beer production began. Chile's first beer brewery was established in Valdivia in 1851 by Carl Anwandter.^[5][6] The introduction of beer is credited for causing a decline in chicha production in areas that traditionally supplied Valdivia with that drink such as Máfil.^[7] By the end of the 19th century, beer was consumed all over the country. Beer consumption and culture then spread across the country from cities with high immigrant populations such as Valdivia and Valparaíso. In 1907, 20 million litres of beer were produced in Valdivia.^[8] By 1997, Chilean beer consumption reached 28 liters per year per capita.^[9] and by 2013 this had increased to 40 litres per year per capita.^{[citation needed]}

Economy

Pisco, wine and rum are popular alcoholic drinks in Chile but there has been a slow increase in the sales of lager, pale ale from local microbreweries and imported pale lager. Although Chilean beer consumption is low compared to the rest of the South American region, beer is still the most consumed alcoholic beverage and takes 60% of the total market share for alcoholic drinks. Premium beers alone hold an 18% share of the total market, the highest share seen among the countries of the region.^[10] Craft beers in Chile.^{[11][clarification needed]} Part of the so-called premium sector, craft beers have gained ground in recent years,^[12] and today there are more than 300 micro-breweries in Chile. Cía Cervecerías Unidas SA, a local company, is the leading Chilean beer company, producing mainly lager beers.^[13]

Chilean beers

Escudo, an industrial low-price beer.

There are two main big industrial large-scale beer producers in Chile: Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas (CCU) and Cervecería Chile. All others are considered small producers (low volume) and/or craft producers.

Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas (CCU)

Created in 1902 with the merge of Plagemann, Limache and Gubler & Cousiño beer companies. They produce their own brands of beer and some international brands, along with soft drinks and other alcoholic products.^[14] Products include:

• Cerveza Cristal and its varieties Cristal Light and Cristal Zero (non-alcoholic)
• Escudo
• Royal Guard and its variety Royal Guard Black Label
• Malta Morenita
• Dorada
• Lemon Stones (low-alcohol lemon-flavored beer mix)
• Heineken (under license)
• Tecate (under license)
• Coors and Coors Light (under license)
• Sol (under license)

Cervecería Chile

Produce their own brands and also many known international brands:.^[15] Products include:

• Baltica
• Becker
• Malta del sur
• Brahma (under license)
• Beck's (under license)
• Paceña (under license)
• Stella Artois (under license)
• Quilmes (under license)

Small producers and premium brands

These include smaller volume beer producers and are considered premium brands.

• Kunstmann. From Valdivia, founded in 1850 as Anwandter Beer Company, destroyed in the 1960 Valdivia earthquake and refounded as Kunstmann Brewery, it is actually labeled as a craft beer, and is distributed by CCU. Produces a great variety of different types of beer including Torobayo, Lager, Bock, Honey, Blueberry, Wheat, Session IPA, Non-filtered and Non-alcoholic.^[16]
• Austral. Founded circa 1896 in the Patagonia region in Punta Arenas as Cervecería La Patagona, later Polar Beer. It is the most southern beer company in the world. Produces varieties such as Lager, Ale, Torres del Paine, Yagán Dark and Patagona Pale Ale.^[17]

Craft beer brands

Other brands that are entirely considered as craft beers. They are generally low or very low volume producers. In Chile there are more than 150 craft beer producers distributed along the 15 Chilean Regions.^[18] The list below includes:

• Maihue, from Curicó, in the Maule Region^[19]
• Kross, from Curacaví near Santiago. Claims to have won more prizes than any other Chilean brewery in the last two years,^[20] and ranks first place as the most recognized brand associated with craft beer.^[21]
• Del Puerto, from Valparaíso, in the Valparaíso Region^[22]
• Cuello Negro, from Valdivia, in the Los Lagos Region.^[23] Best known brewery in the south of Chile.^[24]
• Guayacán, from Coquimbo Region.^[25] Best known brewery in the north of Chile.^[26]
• Tübinger, from Pirque near Santiago.^[27]
• Szot, from Talagante near Santiago^[28]
• Granizo, from Olmué, in the Valparaíso Region.^[29]
• Volcanes del Sur, from Colbun, in the Maule Region.^[30]
• Jester, from Santiago.^[31]
• D'olbeck, from Coyhaique, in the Aysén del General Carlos Ibáñez del Campo Region^[32]
• Die M, from Paine near Santiago.^[33]
• Grassau, from Villarrica, in the La Araucanía Region^[34]
• Mestra, from Paine near Santiago^[35]
• Polar Imperial, from Punta Arenas in the Magallanes y la Antártica Chilena Region.^[36]
• Quimera, from Quinta Normal in Santiago^[37]
• Capital, from Batuco, north of Santiago^[38]

See also

• Beer and breweries by region

References

1. Craft Beer in Chile www.beerandbrewer.com retrieved August 9
2. Dannemann, Victoria (2016-08-10). "Lúpulo germano-valdiviano para el boom cervecero". Deutsche Welle (in Spanish). Retrieved 2021-01-29.
3. Ancient Peru's ritual beer binges, BBC, July 31, 2004, sec. Americas. Retrieved 31 August 2008
4. La cerveza en Chile en el sigrlo XIX
5. Vergara, Jorge Iván; Gundermann, Hans (2012). "Constitution and internal dynamics of the regional identitary in Tarapacá and Los Lagos, Chile". Chungara (in Spanish). 44 (1). University of Tarapacá: 115–134. doi:10.4067/s0717-73562012000100009. Retrieved 25 December 2013.
6. Bernedo Pinto, Patricio (1999), "Los industriales alemanes de Valdivia, 1850-1914" (PDF), Historia (in Spanish), 32: 5–42
7. Fierro Ascencio, Marcia Evelyn (2009). Máfil en la Historia y la Memoria 1930-1964 (in Spanish). Editor sin identificar. pp. 59–60. ISBN 978-956-8803-00-1.
8. Investigación aplicada sobre Geografía Urbana: Un caso práctico en la ciudad de Valdivia Archived 2014-10-25 at the Wayback Machine Víctor Figueroa, Jorge Gayoso, Edgardo Oyarzun, Lenia PlanasGestion Turistica, UACh.
9. [1]^{[permanent dead link‍]}
10. Chile lidera consumo per cápita de cervezas premium Economía y Negocios, Constanza Rodríguez, June 05, 2013 retrieved August 8, 2013
11. Las variedades de cervezas que presenta Chile cnnchile.com June 18, 2013, retrieved August 08,02013
12. Five of Chile's best craft brewers www.thisischile.cl/ November 15, 2011, retrieved August 9, 2013
13. euromonitor.com Retrieved 31 August 2008
14. Compañía de Cervecerías Unidas retrieved August 9, 2013
15. Cervecería Chile Archived 2015-09-14 at the Wayback Machine retrieved August 9, 2013
16. www.cerveza-kunstmann.cl http://www.cerveza-kunstmann.cl/. Retrieved February 1, 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}
17. www.cervezaaustral.cl https://www.cervezaaustral.cl/. Retrieved February 1, 2017. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}
18. "Cervezas artesanales en Chile | TomoCerveza". www.tomocerveza.cl. 26 February 2016. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
19. Cerveza Artesanal Maihue retrieved 2011
20. Cervecería Kross retrieved August 9, 2013
21. "Encuesta de Percepción de la Cerveza Artesanal en Chile 2017", TomoCerveza, July 2017 retrieved September 20, 2018
22. Cervecería Del Puerto retrieved August 8, 2013
23. Cervecería Cuello Negro retrieved September 20, 2018
24. "Encuesta de Percepción de la Cerveza Artesanal en Chile 2017", TomoCerveza, July 2017 retrieved September 20, 2018
25. Cervecería Guayacán retrieved September 20, 2018
26. "Encuesta de Percepción de la Cerveza Artesanal en Chile 2017", TomoCerveza, July 2017 retrieved September 20, 2018
27. Cervecería Tübinger Archived 2018-09-20 at the Wayback Machine retrieved September 20, 2018
28. Cervecería Szot retrieved September 20, 2018
29. Cervecería Granizo retrieved September 20, 2018
30. Cervecería Volcanes del Sur retrieved September 20, 2018
31. Cervecería Jester en TomoCerveza retrieved September 20, 2018
32. Marcas CCU retrieved September 20, 2018
33. Cervecería Die M retrieved September 20, 2018
34. Cervecería Grassau Archived 2010-05-07 at the Wayback Machine retrieved August 9, 2013
35. Cervecería Mestra retrieved August 8, 2013
36. Cervecería Polar Imperial en TomoCerveza retrieved September 20, 2018
37. Cervecería Quimera en TomoCerveza retrieved September 20, 2018
38. Cervecería Capital retrieved August 8, 2013