Bazaruto Archipelago

Bazaruto Archipelago

Satellite image of the archipelago
Bazaruto Archipelago
Geography
Location	Indian Ocean
Coordinates	21°45′S 35°27′E
Total islands	6
Administration
Mozambique

The Bazaruto Archipelago (Portuguese pronunciation: [bazaˈɾutu]) is a group of six islands in Mozambique, near the mainland city of Vilankulo. It comprises the islands of Bazaruto, Benguerra, Magaruque, Santa Carolina and Bangué.

Geography

The group belongs to the Vilanculos and Inhassoro districts of Inhambane Province. The islands were formed from sand deposited by the Save River, which has since shifted its course.

Santa Carolina is a true rock island with deep channels and is just 3 by 0.5 kilometres (1.86 by 0.31 mi) in size. It has three beautiful beaches with coral reefs close to the shore. The island, also known as Paradise Island, is regarded as the "gem" of the islands forming the Bazaruto Archipelago, which is a proclaimed marine national park.

Tourist attractions include sandy beaches, coral reefs, and opportunities for surfing and fishing.^[1]

Ecology

View east from mainland of dhows and an island

The archipelago became a National Park in 1971. There is a wide abundance of reef fish, surgeon, Moorish idols, parrots, angel and butterfly fish to name but a few. Sea turtles, game fish and devil rays are regularly seen. Various endangered marine megafaunas, such as whale shark, manta, leatherback turtle, cetaceans including humpback whale, and the dugong. Bazaruto's dugong population counts about 120 individuals, making it the largest of remnant populations in Mozambique.^[2]

Cetacean biodiversity had been much richer than today before being reduced by human activities including illegal mass hunts by the Soviet Union and Japan in 1960s to 1970s, resulting disappearances or rarities of many species such as the southern right whales. Since the archipelago's geography provides a number of different ecosystems, an unusual variety of species occur within a relatively small area.^[3] Bazaruto is one of two largest islands, the other being Benguerra.

The skinks Scelotes duttoni, Scelotes insularis, and Lygosoma lanceolatum are endemic to the Bazaruto Archipelago.^[4]

History

It has been speculated that the Bazaruto Archipelago may be the island named Crocodile (Sūsmār in Persian) mentioned in the 11th-century Egyptian Book of Curiosities. This island is the last place in a list of sites along the East African coast known to Egyptian merchants and is the fifth stop after Kilwa. Bazaruto supports a substantial population of crocodiles.^[5]

References

1. "Perfil do Distrito de Inhassoro" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ministry of State Administration. 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 20 October 2016.
2. Bandeira O.S.. Silva E.P.R.. Paula J.. Macia A.. Hernroth L.. Guissamulo T.A.. Gove Z.D.. Marine biological research in Mozambique: past, present and future Archived 2017-08-08 at the Wayback Machine. University of Eduardo Mondlane on ResearchGate. Retrieved on 19 December. 2014
3. "Marine protection in Mozambique's Bazaruto Archipelago". WWF. Archived from the original on 8 October 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2021.
4. Burgess, N.D., Clarke, G.P., Rodgers, W.A. (1998) "Coastal forests of eastern Africa: status, endemism patterns and their potential causes". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (1998), 64: 337–367.
5. M. Horton (2018), "The Swahili Corridor Revisited", African Archaeological Review, 35(2), 341–346. doi:10.1007/s10437-018-9294-2