Bardney lock, where old and new courses of the Witham meet.
Bardney is a village and civil parish in the West Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. The population of the civil parish was 1,643 at the 2001 census increasing to 1,848 (including Southrey) at the 2011 census.[2] The village sits on the east bank of the River Witham and 9 miles (14 km) east of Lincoln.
History
Two Roman artefacts have been found in Bardney: a gemstone and a coin. Nearby villages show evidence of Roman settlement, particularly Potterhanworth Booths and Branston Booths.[3]
The place-name is Old English in origin, and means "island of a man called Bearda". It occurs in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, under the year 716, as "Bearddanig", and in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Bardenai".[4]
Once the site of a mediaeval abbey, ruined in Henry VIII's dissolution of the monasteries, agricultural improvement made the village prosperous in the 19th century. Improved transport, first on the River and then the arrival of several railways caused considerable expansion between the traditional centre of the village and the former riverside settlement of Bardney Ferry, where in 1894 the ferry was replaced by the present bridge.[5][6][7][8] A British Sugar factory, built in 1927, survived the closure of the railways but ceased processing on 9 February 2001.[5][9]
Bardney Abbey
Bardney Abbey was founded before 679, perhaps as double house of monks and nuns, and perhaps as a Minster. It was destroyed by the Danes circa 860. Refounded 1087 as a Priory, it became a Benedictine Abbey in 1115, and was dissolved in 1538.[5][10]
Bede relates that Bardney Abbey (which he called Beardaneu)[11] was greatly loved by Osthryth, queen of Mercia, and in about 679 she sought to move the bones of her uncle, the very pious St Oswald, to there.[12] However, when the body was brought to the Abbey the monks refused to accept it, because the Abbey was in the Kingdom of Lindsey, and Oswald, when king of Northumbria, had once conquered them. The relics were locked outside, but during the night a beam of light appeared and shone from his bier reaching up into the heavens. The monks declared that it was a miracle and accepted the body, hanging the King's Purple and Gold banner over the tomb.[11] They are also said to have removed the great doors to the Abbey so that such a mistake could not occur again. So if someone said "do you come from Bardney?", it meant that you had left the door open.[13][14][15]
As well as the wondrous light, other miracles were associated with the remains of King Oswald. The bones at Bardney were washed before interment, and the ground into which the water was poured supposedly gained great healing powers.[16] In another tale from Bede, a boy with the Ague kept vigil by the tomb and was cured.[17] The King's heads and hands had been separately interred, for he had been dismembered in battle.[16] A fragment of the stake on which his head had been impaled was later used to cure a man in Ireland.[18]
There is another abandoned village associated with the former chapels of St Lawrence and St Andrew, north of modern Bardney.[23]
Demographics
At the 2021 census, Bardney's built up area had a population of 2,069. Of the findings, the ethnicity and religious composition of the ward was:
Bardney: Ethnicity: 2021 Census
Ethnic group
Population
%
White
2,024
97.8%
Mixed
28
1.4%
Asian or Asian British
15
0.7%
Other Ethnic Group
1
0.1%
Arab
1
0.1%
Total
2,069
100%
The religious composition of the ward at the 2021 Census was recorded as:
Bardney: Religion: 2021 Census
Religious
Population
%
Christian
1,133
58.2%
Irreligious
789
40.5%
Other religion
12
0.6%
Buddhist
4
0.2%
Hindu
4
0.2%
Sikh
3
0.2%
Jewish
2
0.1%
Muslim
1
0.1%
Total
2,069
100%
Transport
The river Witham has been used for commercial shipping since time immemorial, but was straightened and improved many times including in 1753 and 1812.[5] A straight course (new cut) was made at Bardney and the lock built in 1770 was re-built in 1865.[24]
In 1870, Bardney had a station which was a junction for the Branch Line to Louth via Wragby and the Lincolnshire Loop Line. The Louth to Bardney Line closed as well as the Loop Line in 1970 although the section north of Wragby closed prior to 1958–1969.[5] The station building survives and is a listed building.[25] The route of the old railway has been converted into a cycle-track, known as Water Rail Way, which follows the river between Lincoln and Boston. The name of the cycle track refers to the river, the railway, and a wetland bird found in the area, the water rail.
Great Western Express Festival
In 1972 the area was host to the Great Western Express Festival, a four-day pop concert (also known as the Bardney Festival). Funded by Lord Harlech and the actor Stanley Baker (amongst others) it attracted 30,000 people to the venue, held at the nearby Tupholme Abbey ruins. Amongst the artistes playing were Roxy Music and Status Quo and, for two nights running, the Rory Gallagher Band. Despite its popularity the show lost money, due mainly to bad weather which blighted the event.[26][27][28][29]
The modern primary school, Bardney Church of England and Methodist Primary School,[33] was opened in 1983.[5] It replaced two earlier schools merged in 1964.[5]
The village has pre-school facilities, including Bardney Mother and Toddler Group which meets at the Methodist Hall, a butcher's shop, a general store and two public houses.
Bardney Gala, held every year on August Bank Holiday Sunday, is a traditional Gala. The event consists of crafts, trade and community stands, funfair rides, bar and BBQ, sports, children's races, car boot sales, classic vehicles, and an Exemption Dog Show.[34]
The civil parish has become part of a group that consists of Bardney, Apley and Stainfield parishes. The villages of Southrey and Kingthorpe are also included.[35]
The 2011 electoral arrangements are:
West Lindsey District Council, Bardney ward councillor: Ian Fleetwood[36]
Bardney lies between 7 and 17 metres above sea level,[39] on the edge of the present-day Lincolnshire Fens, but its name indicates that before the fens were drained for agriculture (from the 17th century onwards) it was surrounded with wet fenland. Nowadays the Lincolnshire Fens are mostly unflooded, very flat and very productive arable farmland. Wildlife observed on the fens near Bardney includes barn owl, red fox and hemlock.
^Historic England. "Bardney Abbey (351575)". Research records (formerly PastScape). Retrieved 10 April 2010. This gives the foundation date as before 697, but according to Bede St Oswald's bones were moved there in about 679.
^Heighway, Carolyn (2001). "Gloucester and the new minster of St Oswald". In Higham, N. J.; Hill, D. H. (eds.). Edward the Elder 899-924. Routledge. p. 108.
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