Bampton, Oxfordshire

Bampton Bampton-in-the-Bush
St Mary the Virgin parish church
Bampton Location within Oxfordshire
Population	2,564 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	SP315031
Civil parish	Bampton
District	West Oxfordshire
Shire county	Oxfordshire
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Bampton
Postcode district	OX18
Dialling code	01993
Police	Thames Valley
Fire	Oxfordshire
Ambulance	South Central
UK Parliament	Witney
Website	Bampton Oxfordshire

Bampton, also called Bampton-in-the-Bush, is a settlement and civil parish in the Thames Valley about 4+1⁄2 miles (7 km) southwest of Witney in Oxfordshire. The parish includes the hamlet of Weald. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 2,564.^[1] Bampton is variously referred to as both a town and a village. The Domesday Book recorded that it was a market town by 1086. It continued as such until the 1890s.^[2] It has both a town hall and a village hall.

Geography

The core of the village is on gravel terraces formed of Summertown-Radley or flood plain terrace deposits.^[3] It is just east of Shill Brook, which flows south to join the River Thames, and just north of a smaller stream that flows west to join Shill Brook. The A4095 road passes through the village. The civil parish measures about 3+1⁄2 miles (5.6 km) north – south and about 2+1⁄2 miles (4 km) east – west. It is bounded to the south by the River Thames, to the east by Aston Ditch, and to the west and north by ditches and field boundaries. A small part of the airfield of RAF Brize Norton is in northernmost part of the parish.

Early settlement

The Bampton area has been settled since the Iron Age and Roman periods. The Exeter Book of 1070 records the toponym as Bemtun. The Domesday Book of 1086 records it as Bentone. A charter or roll from 1212 records it as Bamtun. It is derived from the Old English bēam-tūn, which could mean either "tūn by the beam" or "tūn made from beams".^[4] Tūn is an Old English word that originally meant a fence, and came to mean an enclosure or homestead.^[5]

Parish church

Main article: St Mary's Church, Bampton

The earliest parts of the Church of England parish church of Saint Mary the Virgin are 10th- or 11th-century, when it was built as a late Saxon Minster. It was rebuilt in the 12th century as a cruciform Norman church. It received Gothic additions from late in the 13th century to early in the 16th century. The architect Ewan Christian restored it in 1868–70.^[6] It is a Grade I listed building.^[7]

Bampton Castle

Main article: Bampton Castle, Oxfordshire

In 1315 King Edward II granted Aymer de Valence, 2nd Earl of Pembroke a licence to crenellate at Bampton. He had Bampton Castle built just west of Shill Brook. Much of the building survived until the Commonwealth of England in the 17th century, when the gatehouse and part of the curtain wall were adapted to form Ham Court. It is now a private house and a Grade II* listed building.^[8]

Other notable buildings

Bampton Town Hall

After the Norman conquest of England, William the Conqueror granted the church of St Mary the Virgin to Leofric, Bishop of Exeter. The Dean and Chapter of Exeter Cathedral have held the advowson of the parish ever since.^[9] Late in the 11th or early in the 12th century the Dean and Chapter had a prebendal house built just west of the parish church. There is some 13th-century work on the east wing, and the house was altered and enlarged in the 16th, 17th and 19th centuries. It is now called The Deanery^[10] and is a Grade II* listed building.^[11] Weald Manor is a manor house west of Shill Brook and south of Ham Court.^[12] It was built in the 17th century and enlarged in 1742. It is a Grade II* listed building.^[13]

South of St Mary's is Churchgate House, which used to be the Rectory. The oldest part of the house is 16th-century, with a datestone inscribed "1546 Vicar Joan Dotin". In 1799 a new Georgian main block was added to the front of the building by the builder and architect Daniel Harris.^[14][15] In 1635 Robert Veysey, a wool merchant, died leaving £100 to build and endow a free school in Bampton. This was built in Church View near the junction with Church Street, the first schoolmaster was appointed in 1650^[16] and the building was completed in 1653.^[17] The building is now Bampton's public library.^[18] Bampton Town Hall was completed in 1838 and now houses Bampton Arts Centre.^[19]

The public library, built in the 1650s as the free school

Transport

In 1861 the East Gloucestershire Railway was built through the northernmost part of the parish, about 2 miles (3 km) north of the village. In 1873 a station was opened in Brize Norton parish. It was about 1 mile (1.6 km) south of Brize Norton village and 2 miles (3 km) north of Bampton, but the station was named "Bampton". In 1937 RAF Brize Norton was established and in 1940 the Great Western Railway renamed the station Brize Norton and Bampton. British Railways closed the station and the East Gloucestershire Railway in 1962. Bampton is served by bus route 19, which is run by Pulhams Coaches and runs every hour between Carterton, Standlake and Witney Monday to Saturday daytimes. There is no Sunday or bank holiday service.^[20]

Tadpole Bridge carries the road between Bampton and Buckland

Village life

The former Bampton Post Office, now a private house

Culture

Bampton has a tradition of Morris dancing which may be 600 years old. Documentary and circumstantial evidence show that Morris dancing in Bampton goes back at least to the 1790s. It used to be performed in Bampton on Whit Monday but the date has recently changed to the late May bank holiday.^[21] The town is also the home of Bampton Classical Opera which performs both in Bampton and elsewhere.

Bampton Youth Centre was founded in 1984 in the former Victorian primary school building.

Sport

Bampton Town Football Club is affiliated to the Oxfordshire Football Association and plays at Buckland Road, Bampton. The club has senior, youth, junior, and veteran teams.^[22] The Bampton & District Aunt Sally Association, formed in 1971, plays the traditional throwing game Aunt Sally, which is played at pubs almost all of which are in Oxfordshire.^[23] Bampton Skatepark was built for the village's skateboarders and BMX riders.

Notable people

John Philips

• John Philips (1676 in Bampton – 1709) an 18th-century English poet
• Sir Frederick Whitaker KCMG (1812 in Bampton – 1891) a New Zealand politician, twice the Prime Minister of New Zealand
• Thomas Temple (1818 in Bampton, Oxon – 1899) a farmer, lumberman, businessman and political figure in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
• Walter David Taylor Powell (1831 in Bampton – 1906) an English mariner and paramilitary Australian native police officer in the British colonies of New South Wales and Queensland
• Air Marshal Sir Charles Roderick Carr KBE, CB, DFC, AFC (1891–1971) was a senior Royal Air Force commander from New Zealand; lived in Bampton in retirement (1947-1971)
• Molly Rose OBE, DL, JP (1920–2016) a British aviator, lived in Bampton from 1946 to 1974 & again from 1986 to 2016
• Thomas Bruce (born 1983 in Bampton) an English cricketer; a left-handed batsman & slow left-arm orthodox bowler

In fiction

Churchgate House, the former Rectory

Bampton is one of the settings for the fictional crime novels The Chronicles of Hugh de Singleton, set in about 1366, by Mel Starr.^[24] ITV used Bampton for several outdoor locations for the fictional village of Downton, North Yorkshire in the period drama television series Downton Abbey.^[25] The main ones included the Old Rectory (Churchgate House), the public library, the parish church of St Mary the Virgin, and houses in Church View that were used to represent two pubs.^[26][27]

References

1. UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Bampton Parish (1170217913)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
2. Crossley & Currie 1996, pp. 31–43
3. Crossley & Currie 1996, pp. 6–8
4. Ekwall 1960, Bampton, Little, & Kirkbampton
5. Ekwall 1960, tūn
6. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 429–431.
7. Historic England. "Church of St Mary (Grade I) (1053559)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
8. Historic England. "Ham Court (Grade II*) (1053536)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
9. Crossley & Currie 1996, pages 48–57
10. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 432–433.
11. Historic England. "The Deanery (Grade II*) (1053558)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
12. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 433–434.
13. Historic England. "Weald Manor (Grade II*) (1198982)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
14. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, p. 432.
15. Historic England. "Churchgate House (Grade II) (1283810)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
16. Historic England. "Library, with wall and gateway attached to north east corner (Grade II) (1053565)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
17. Sherwood & Pevsner 1974, pp. 431–432.
18. "Bampton Library". Oxfordshire County Council. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
19. Historic England. "Town Hall (Grade II) (1198742)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
20. "19" (PDF). Pulhams Coaches. 1 September 2024. Retrieved 3 September 2024.
21. "Bampton Traditional Morris Men". Retrieved 18 May 2011.
22. "Bampton Town Football Club". Retrieved 18 May 2011.
23. "Bampton & District Aunt Sally Association". Archived from the original on 25 June 2011. Retrieved 18 May 2011.
24. Starr, Mel. "Hugh de Singleton's chronicles". Retrieved 29 August 2018.
25. Ffrench, Andrew (23 April 2010). "Village is the star of the show". Oxford Mail. Newsquest. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
26. "Downton Abbey film locations". Oxfordshire Cotswolds. New Mind. Retrieved 22 April 2018.
27. "Discovering the real Downton Abbey". Discorver Britain. Chelsea Magazine Company. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 22 April 2018.

Bibliography

• Aston, Michael; Bond, James (1976). The Landscape of Towns. Archaeology in the Field Series. London: J.M. Dent & Sons Ltd. pp. 87, 88. ISBN 0-460-04194-0.
• Blair, John (1984). "Saint Beornwald of Bampton" (PDF). Oxoniensia. XLIX. Oxford: Oxfordshire Architectural and Historical Society: 47–54.
• Crossley, Alan; Currie, CRJ (eds.); Baggs, AP; Chance, Eleanor; Colvin, Christina; Day, CJ; Selwyn, Nesta; Townley, Simon C. (1996). A History of the County of Oxford. Victoria County History. Vol. 13: Bampton Hundred (Part One). London: Oxford University Press for the Institute of Historical Research. ISBN 978-0-19722-790-9. {{cite book}}: |first2= has generic name (help)
• Ekwall, Eilert (1960) [1936]. Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bampton. ISBN 0198691033.
• Giles, John Allen (1847). History of the Parish and Town of Bampton, with the District and Hamlets Belonging to It. Oxford: JH Parker.
• Sherwood, Jennifer; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1974). Oxfordshire. The Buildings of England. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books. pp. 429–435. ISBN 0-14-071045-0.

External links

• Bampton Oxfordshire
• "Bampton, Oxfordshire". The Villages of the Cotswolds. The Cotswold Gateway. 2010.
• Bampton in the Domesday Book