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Badger's Island is located in the Piscataqua River at Kittery, Maine, United States, directly opposite Portsmouth, New Hampshire. It carries U.S. Route 1 between the states, connecting to the Kittery mainland by the Badger's Island Bridge, and to New Hampshire by the Memorial Bridge. Now largely a suburb of Portsmouth, the island features houses, condominiums, restaurants and marinas.

History

Shipbuilding center

Prior to the Civil War, Badger's Island was famous for shipbuilding. Eastern white pine for masts, together with lumber for hulls, arrived down the Piscataqua River from inland forests. Only two tenths of a mile (322 m) from Portsmouth's busy wharves, the island's gradual slope into the deep channel between was ideal for launching vessels. First called Rising Castle Island, it changed to Langdon's Island when John Langdon established his shipyard. The first U. S. Navy ships commissioned by the Continental Congress were built here by master shipbuilder James Hackett,^[1] including USS Ranger in 1777.^[2] One of his apprentices working on Ranger was William Badger.^[3] Acquiring 3 acres (12,000 m²) on the island in 1797, he would dominate its shipbuilding until his death in 1830, launching more than 100 ships,^[3] including naval vessels, merchant vessels and privateers. The region produced many fine shipbuilders, including his nephew Samuel Badger, but William Badger, called Master Badger, is best known. He is buried on the island that bears his name.

In 1837, Frederick Fernald purchased Badger's shipyard. In 1844, he joined William Pettigrew to establish Fernald & Pettigrew, which would produce some 30 ships. Among their output was a series of clipper ships, including the Typhoon.^[4] Launched in 1851, Typhoon set a sailing record to Liverpool, England—13 days, 10 hours dock to dock. Known as the "Portsmouth Flyer," it was the largest merchant ship yet seen in that port.^[5] But Badger's Island would lose its importance as a shipbuilding center. The industry shifted downriver to Fernald's Island, home since 1800 to the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard.

U.S. Navy vessels built on Badger's Island:

1776 — Raleigh - (22-gun Frigate)^[6]—depicted on the Seal of New Hampshire
1777 — Ranger - (18-gun Sloop-of-war)^[6]—commanded by John Paul Jones
1782 — America - (74-gun Ship of the line)^[6]—presented by Congress to Louis XVI of France
1791 — Scammel - (14-gun Schooner)^[6]—one of the first ten revenue service cutters
1797 — Crescent - (36-gun Frigate)^[6]—a tribute vessel for Algiers
1798 — Portsmouth - (24-gun Sloop-of-war)^[6]—funded by the citizens of Portsmouth
1799 — Congress - (38-gun Frigate)^[6]—fought in the War of 1812

Clipper Ships built by Fernald & Pettigrew:^[7]

1851 -- Typhoon, 1,611 tons
1852 -- Red Rover, 1,021 tons
1852 -- Young Australia, 766 tons
1853 -- Water Witch, 1,204 tons
1853 -- Dashing Wave, 1180 tons
1854 -- Express, 1073 tons
1854 -- Midnight, 962 tons
1855 -- Noonday, 1189 tons

Ferry terminus for electric railway

Badger's Island became a terminus for the Kittery, a ferry which delivered passengers across the swift Piscataqua River from Portsmouth to the landing and waiting room of the Portsmouth, Kittery & York Street Railway. Beginning in 1897, the company ran trolleys through Kittery Point and across the salt marshes of Brave Boat Harbor to York Harbor and York Beach, the summer resort.^[8] In November 1901, it became part of the Portsmouth, Dover and York Street Railway.^[9] The trolley line remained in service until 1923 when the Memorial Bridge opened, the first bridge spanning the river without a toll. The section of Route 1 across the Badger's Island Bridge to Kittery's John Paul Jones Memorial Park, with its Sailors' and Soldiers' Monument by Bashka Paeff, was a City Beautiful plan to complement the Memorial Bridge.