Atucha Nuclear Power Plant

Atucha I nuclear power plant
Official name	Central Nuclear Juan Domingo Perón
Country	Argentina
Location	Lima, Buenos Aires
Coordinates	33°58′02″S 59°12′27″W
Status	Operational
Construction began	1968
Commission date	1974
Construction cost	$1.3 Billion
Operator	Nucleoelectrica Argentina
Nuclear power station
Reactor type	PHWR
Reactor supplier	Siemens
Thermal capacity	1,179 MWth
Power generation
Make and model	Siemens
Nameplate capacity	362 MW
Annual net output	2,397 GW·h
External links
Website	central nuclear atucha I
Commons	Related media on Commons

Atucha II Nuclear Power Plant
The plant still under construction (2012).
Official name	Central Nuclear Néstor Kirchner
Country	Argentina
Location	Lima, Buenos Aires
Status	Operational
Construction began	1981 2007 (resumed construction)
Commission date	2014
Operator	Nucleoelectrica Argentina
Nuclear power station
Reactor type	PHWR
Reactor supplier	Siemens
Thermal capacity	2,175 MWth
Power generation
Make and model	Siemens
Nameplate capacity	745 MW
Annual net output	5,201 GW·h (2016)
External links
Website	central nuclear atucha II
Commons	Related media on Commons

The Atucha Nuclear Complex, or Atucha Nuclear Power Plant, is the location for two adjacent nuclear power plants in Lima, Zárate, Buenos Aires Province, about 100 kilometres (60 mi) from Buenos Aires, on the right-hand shore of the Paraná de las Palmas River. Both are pressurized heavy-water reactors (PHWR) employing a mixture of natural uranium and enriched uranium (0.85% of ²³⁵U), and use heavy water for cooling and neutron moderation.

The other currently operating nuclear power plant in the country Embalse Nuclear Power Plant is also a natural uranium fueled PHWR but of the Canadian CANDU 6 type rather than the Siemens provided type used at Atucha.

Atucha I

Atucha I was started in 1968 and began operation in 1974; it was the first nuclear power plant in Latin America. On 25 March 1973, before its completion, the plant was temporarily captured by the People's Revolutionary Army who stole a FMK-3 submachine gun and three .45 caliber handguns. When they retired they had a confrontation with the police, injuring two police officers.^[1][2]

It has a thermal power of 1,179 MW_th, and generates 362 MW_e of electricity, which is delivered at 220 kilovolts to the Argentine Interconnection System, supplying about 2.5% of the total electricity production (2005).

Atucha II

Atucha II is a natural uranium fueled reactor, which construction started in July 1981 under a contract with Siemens, but was halted in 1994.^[3] It was planned to have a much higher power (thermal power approx. 2,000 MW, electrical 750 MW) than Atucha I. At the time when it was started, it had the largest reactor pressure vessel of any nuclear power plant worldwide.^[4] The total cost as of 2006 was estimated at US$3.8 billion, or about $5500/kWe. Atucha II like Atucha I before it is one of only a handful of heavy water reactors of a type other than the CANDU-type or the related IPHWR-type ever built. Prior to the EPR it was the last nuclear power plant built by Siemens.

Partly as a response to the energy shortage caused by natural gas crisis of 2004, the issue of Atucha II was taken up by the Argentine government. In 2005 President Néstor Kirchner signed a decree to reactivate the construction and pledged to finish it by 2009.^[5] New technicians were hired and a budget of about $120 million was requested for 2006. Eduardo Messi, president of Nucleoeléctrica Argentina S.A. (the firm in charge of the plant), told reporters that 93% of the components were either in storage or already installed.

On 23 August 2006 the government announced the re-activation of the national nuclear programme, and updated its promise to finish Atucha II by 2010, devoting a total of 1,850 million pesos ($596/€466 million).^[6] The plant was slated to come online with an installed capacity of about 745 MW (3% of Argentina's total electric installed capacity).

Atucha II was "pre-started" on 28 September 2011 by President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner and it was scheduled to start commercial service by mid-2013.^[7][8][9]

On 3 June 2014 reached its first criticality,^[10][11] and on 27 June 2014 began to produce energy.^[12]

On 19 February 2015, the plant reached 100% power production for the first time, increasing the percentage of nuclear power in Argentina's energy mix from 7% to 10%.^[13]

Atucha III

In February 2022, Argentina and the China National Nuclear Corporation agreed on an engineering, procurement, and construction contract for a Hualong One nuclear power plant with a gross generation capacity of 1200 MWe, at a cost of about US$8 billion.^[14][15] Unlike the other two blocks the Hualong One is a light water reactor - which would make it the first such reactor in the country - and thus needs a higher enriched fuel, requiring Argentina either to build up uranium enrichment facilities or to import fuel for this reactor. The Hualong One is also not capable of online refueling but it is a much more powerful design than the other two blocks at Atucha and will have a higher nameplate capacity than the other two reactors combined.

See also

• Nuclear energy in Argentina
• National Atomic Energy Commission
• Embalse nuclear power plant
• List of nuclear reactors

References

1. Estrella Roja Nº19 Archived 19 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine, p. 10.
2. Brittle Power Archived 2 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, p. 144.
3. "FACTBOX-Argentina's nuclear power plants". Reuters. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 14 April 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2022.
4. Facundo Deluchi (1 October 2006). "Análisis del plan nuclear argentino" (PDF). Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales, Universidad del Salvador. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 April 2008. Retrieved 10 November 2006. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
5. Clarín. 4 September 2005. El Gobierno dice que terminará la central Atucha II en cuatro años
6. La Nación. 24 August 2006. Lanzó el Gobierno un plan de impulso a la energía nuclear
7. By April 2014, it was, however, not yet connected to the grid. "President helps with Atucha 2 pre-start". World Nuclear News. 29 September 2011. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
8. "CFK praises Argentina's 'leadership in peaceful nuclear energy'". Buenos Aires Herald. 28 September 2011. Retrieved 1 October 2011.
9. "Argentina's Atucha Unit 2 to be on line mid-2013". Atomic Power Review. 3 December 2012. Archived from the original on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2013.
10. Pusieron en marcha el reactor de la Central Nuclear Atucha II
11. Power Output Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
12. La Central Nuclear Néstor Kirchner -Atucha II- comenzó a generar energía Archived 15 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
13. "Atucha 2 reaches 100% rated power - World Nuclear News".
14. Singh, Shivani; Jourdan, Adam (2 February 2022). "China inks $8 bln nuclear power plant deal in Argentina". Reuters. Retrieved 2 February 2022.
15. "China and Argentina sign nuclear project deal". World Nuclear News. 2 February 2022. Retrieved 2 February 2022.

External links

• (in Spanish) Monografias.com
• (in Spanish) RinconDelVago.com