Castro hosted his own show, Conexion, on Guatemala's national network, a year before moving to New York City. In New York, he attended the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, and where he met Abbi Jacobson and Ilana Glazer and landed the role of Jaimé in Broad City.[1] Castro had one of the leading roles in Ang Lee's war drama Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk, playing Marcellino "Mango" Montoya, a member of Billy Lynn's Bravo Squad.[2]
In 2017 Arturo landed a role as David Rodríguez, son of Cali Cartel kingpin Miguel Rodríguez Orejuela, in season 3 of the Netflix series Narcos. He also played Jose in Bushwick, a film about 20-year-old Lucy and war veteran Stupe depending on each other for survival when a Texas military force invades their Brooklyn neighborhood.
Castro created and starred in Comedy Central's Alternatino with Arturo Castro, a sketch comedy show centering on life as a modern Latino man. The show premiered in June 2019 and ran for one season.[3]