Andrekos Varnava

Professor Andrekos Varnava
Professor Andrekos Varnava, 2022 courtesy of Theo Panagopoulos
Born	Andrekos Varnava 1979
Nationality	Australian/Cypriot
Education	Monash University, Melbourne University
Occupation(s)	Writer and professor in British colonial history
Employer	Flinders University
Spouse	Helen Komodromou

Professor Andrekos Varnava, FRHistS,^[1] is a dual national Cypriot–Australian writer and historian, who is best known for his work confronting controversial moments in modern history and their consequences.

Life and works

Professor Andrekos Varnava, was born in 1979 (in Melbourne) to parents of Greek Cypriot descent, specifically his father from Frenaros and his mother from Agios Ilias, both from the Famagusta District.^{[citation needed]} He attended schools at South Oakleigh, where he became fascinated by the history of WWI and WWII.^[2] History prompted him to identify more with his Cypriot heritage, challenging what it meant to be Cypriot as distinct from being identified as either Greek or Turkish. Varnava went on to read History, modern Greek and English Literature at Monash University, completing his Honours degree in 2001 and moving on to University of Melbourne, where he completed his PhD (in history) in 2006.^[3]

Varnava had visited Cyprus briefly a number of times, but in 2006 he took up a position as Assistant Professor in History at the European University Cyprus, a position he held for two years. During this period, he married his wife and acquired dual Cypriot nationality in line with his dual heritage (Australian and Cypriot).^{[citation needed]}

In 2009, Varnava returned to Australia to for a history lecturer position at Flinders University, where he remains to this day. He has written books and lectured on British, European, and imperial history—with special attention paid to both British and Ottoman empires, and their influence on the Middle East. This was his main interest since the interaction of these two empires shaped the modern history of Cyprus. The nationalism during the late nineteenth century, the First World War and the consequent post-World War II terrorism and civil war during the Republic period contributed to the changes and progress of the modern Cyprus.^[4]

Varnava set about publishing his work, writing over 70 papers (articles and book chapters), 4 monographs, and 16 edited collections.^[5] His main academic focus has been on the history of the British empire, particularly its impact on Cyprus, unpicking the socio-economic effect of such themes as martial races theory and venereal disease, and socio-political themes such as extreme nationalism and chauvinism. His prolific writing mirrored his academic career at Flinders, where he was promoted senior lecturer in 2012, was invited by Selim Deringil and Vangelis Kechriotis to be a visiting professor at Boğaziçi University in Istanbul in 2012, elected as a Fellow of Royal Historical Society in 2014, promoted to Associate Professor in 2016, made an Honorary Professor at De Montfort University in 2018, and promoted to full Professor in 2022. Varnava has co-authored works with such eminent scholars as Panikos Panayi, Michael J.K. Walsh, Evan Smith, Nicholas Coureas, Marinella Marmo, Hubert Faustmann and Philip Payton, and published in his edited works the work of pre-eminent scholars such as John M. MacKenzie, Eric S. Richards, Joy Damousi, Robert I. Rotberg, Erol Kaymak, and Ayhan Aktar.^[6]

In 2025 he will take up the position of Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History.^[7]

Contentious issues

As a PhD candidate at the University of Melbourne in 2003, Varnava appealed to Greek and Turkish Cypriots to set aside their ethnic differences and to reunite their country by accepting that they were both perpetrators and victims of past violence.^[8] While in Cyprus, Varnava had become increasingly aware of the cultural isolation of minority groups,^[9] which inspired him to organise a conference in 2007, focusing on challenges faced by minorities preserving their identity in a nationalistic state.^{[10][n 1]} In 2009, Varnava asserted that British imperialism in Cyprus was critically flawed, unable to achieve its full purpose in making Cyprus a strategic stronghold for the Empire, creating instead the conditions for Hellenistic sentiments to take hold among the Greek Cypriot population.^[11] He followed this with research that blamed British humanitarianism for being selective and restricted by imperialism, particularly in relation to the formation of the French Armenian Legion and Musa Dagh refugees.^[12]

In 2014 and 2018, Varnava co-organised two conferences on WWI at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore, and in his contributions he challenged popular narratives around Greek nationalism and Enosis, which had suppressed the role of Greek and Turkish Cypriots working together in the First World War along with implications of loyalty towards the British.^{[13][14][15][16]} In 2024 Varnava gave a speech at the unveiling of a plaque in the garden beside the Famagusta Gate, in Nicosia, organised by Αchilleas Demetriades, in memory of the Cypriots who served in the Cypriot Mule Corps during the First World War.^[17]

In 2016, Varnava openly addressed the systematic killing of Christian Ottoman Greek population of Anatolia in the Greco-Turkish War, which he argued was part of a programme of ethnic cleansing stopping short of actual genocide.^[18] He is equally outspoken about Armenian genocide in the Ottoman Empire/Turkey in 1915 and 1916,^[19] praising Göçek for calling it out, but criticising her for not making the distinction between genocide, in the case of the Armenians in 1915 and 1916, and ethnic cleansing, which he argues is a more suitable term for what happened after the war during the Franco-Turkish War.^[20]

His book published in 2021 (translated into Greek in 2024) describes the assassination of a leading Cypriot politician Antonios Triantafyllides in 1934, attributing his murder to far-right-wing nationalist extremists he connects to the post-war formation of EOKA.^{[21][22][n 2]}

In 2018, after publishing a seminal article in English Historical Review with Evan Smith on the Cypriots in London during the inter-war years as a 'suspect community', Varnava won as Lead Chief Investigator an Australian Research Council grant to head a team investigating border controls between Britain and Australia in the 20th Century. This was to examine "suspect migrant communities", and how past historical policies compare with contemporary practices, citing British and Australian political, and sometimes racial, influences.^{[23][24][25][26]}

Books and monographs

• British Imperialism and Cyprus 1878-1915: The Inconsequential Possession (Manchester University Press, 2009)^[27]

British imperialism in Cyprus, 1878–1915 – The inconsequential possession (Manchester University Press, 2012)^[28]

• Serving the empire in the Great War – The Cypriot Mule Corps, imperial loyalty and silenced memory (Manchester University Press, 2017)^[29]
• British Cyprus and the Long Great War, 1914–1925 (Routledge, 2020)^[30]
• Assassination in Colonial Cyprus in 1934 and the Origins of EOKA (Anthem Press, 2021)^[31]

Selected edited or co-edited volumes

• Reunifying Cyprus: The Annan Plan and Beyond (I. B. Tauris, London, February 2009, paperback 2011), ^[32]
• The Minorities of Cyprus: Development Patterns and the Identity of the Internal-Exclusion (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, April 2009)^[33]
• The Archbishops of Cyprus in the Modern Age: The Changing Role of the Archbishop-Ethnarch, their Identities and Politics (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, Newcastle upon Tyne, September 2013)^[34]
• Imperial Expectations and Realities: El Dorados, Utopias and Dystopias (Manchester University Press, 2015)^[35]
• Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology (Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 2016)^[36]
• The Great War and the British Empire: Culture and Society (Routledge Studies in First World War History, 2017)^[37]
• Australia, Migration and Empire – Immigrants in a Globalised World (Palgrave Macmillan, London 2019)^[38]
• Comic empires- Imperialism in cartoons, caricature, and satirical art (Manchester University Press, 2019)^[39]
• After the Armistice – Empire, Endgame and Aftermath (Routledge, 2021)^[40]
• Exiting war – The British Empire and the 1918–20 moment (Manchester University Press, 2022)^[41]
• New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections (Palgrave Macmillan/Springer, November 2022)^[42]
• Popular Culture and its Relationship to Conflict in the UK and Australia since the Great War (Routledge, 2023)^[43]

References and notes

1. "Professor Andrekos Varnava". Flinders University. Retrieved 7 February 2023.
2. Anon. "Q&A with Andrekos Varnava". Early Career Researchers. Australian Historical Association. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
3. Varnava, Andrekos (2006). "What shall we do with Cyprus?": Cyprus in the British Imperial imagination, politics and structure, 1878–1915 (PhD Thesis). University of Melbourne: Department of History Library.
4. Anon. "People: Professor Andrekos Varnava Professor College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences". Flinders University. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
5. Anon. "Professor Andrekos Varnava, FRHistS". Google Scholar. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
6. Anon. "People: Professor Andrekos Varnava Professor College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences". Flinders University. Retrieved 25 August 2022.
7. "The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History", Wikipedia, 21 September 2024, retrieved 21 September 2024
8. Varnava, Andrekos (August 2003). "Cyprus: a rendezvous with history?". Neos Kosmos English Edition. University of Melbourne Arts: Department of History. Retrieved 27 August 2022.
9. Mrjoian, Aram (20 June 2020). "THE PROMISE OF WERFEL'S MUSA DAGH: PORTRAYING GENOCIDE IN FICTION". The Rumpus. The Rumpus. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
10. Varnava, Andrekos; Coureas, Nicholas; Elia, Marina (2009). THE MINORITIES OF CYPRUS Development Patterns and the Identity of the Internal-Exclusion. Cambridge, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. ISBN 9781443800525.
11. Markides, Diana (2010). "Book review: British Imperialism and Cyprus 1878–1914: The Inconsequential Possession". The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 38 (1): 171–173. doi:10.1080/03086530903538392. S2CID 159686944.
12. Varnava, Andrekos; Harris, Trevor (December 2018). "Contemporary Issues in Historical Perspective". The Journal of Modern History. 90: 834–862. doi:10.1086/700215. S2CID 149636135.
13. Stephens, David. "REVIEW: Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology, edited by Michael JK Walsh and Andrekos Varnava". Honest History. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
14. Chrysostomou, Annette (29 May 2018). "Rehabilitating the muleteers of World War I". Cyprus Mail. Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
15. Clearchos A., Kyriakides. "The end of World War I and its impact today". Simerini SigmaLive. Simerini. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
16. Chrysostomou, Annette (12 January 2020). "Loyalties to empire during the Great War". Cyprus Mail. Cyprus Mail. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
17. "Cypriot mule corps monument unveiled". 4 April 2024.
18. Varnava, Andrekos (2016). "Book Review: Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789–2009". Genocide Studies and Prevention. 10 (1): 121–123. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1403. ISSN 1911-0359.
19. Varnava, Andrekos. "Armenians and the Allies in Cilicia, 1914–1923". Reviews in History. Institute of Historical Research. Retrieved 20 October 2022.
20. Varnava, Andrekos (2016). "Book Review: Denial of Violence: Ottoman Past, Turkish Present and Collective Violence against the Armenians, 1789–2009". Genocide Studies and Prevention. 10 (1): 121–123. doi:10.5038/1911-9933.10.1.1403. ISSN 1911-0359.
21. Varnava, Andrekos. (2009). British Imperialism and Cyprus 1878–1915: The Inconsequential Possession. (Manchester University Press). 321 pp. ISBN 978-0-7190-7903-0.
22. Anon. "REVIEW:ASSASSINATION IN COLONIAL CYPRUS IN 1934 AND THE ORIGINS OF EOKA". Anthem Press. Retrieved 19 October 2022.
23. Varnava, Andrekos (2022). "Border Control and Monitoring "Undesirable" Cypriots in the UK and Australia, 1945–1959". Immigrants & Minorities. 40 (1–2): 132–176. doi:10.1080/02619288.2021.1944855. S2CID 243485384.
24. Smith, Evan. "The Conversation". The Conversation Trust (UK) Limited. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
25. Anon. "The weird (and wonderful) things SA universities are studying". Nationwide News Pty Ltd. The Advertiser. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
26. Smith, Evan; Varnava, Andrekos (2017). "Creating a 'Suspect Community': Monitoring and Controlling the Cypriot Community in Inter-War London". English Historical Review. CXXXII (558): 1149–1181. doi:10.1093/ehr/cex350.
27. Varnava, Andrekos. (2009). British Imperialism and Cyprus 1878-1915: The Inconsequential Possession. (Manchester University Press). 321 pp. ISBN 978-0-7190-7903-0.
28. Varnava, Andrekos. (February 2017). British imperialism in Cyprus, 1878–1915 – The inconsequential possession. (Manchester University Press). 336 pp. ISBN 978-0-7190-8640-3.
29. Varnava, Andrekos. (February 2017). Serving the empire in the Great War – The Cypriot Mule Corps, imperial loyalty and silenced memory. (Manchester University Press). 272 pp. ISBN 978-1-5261-0367-3.
30. Varnava, Andrekos. (2020). British Cyprus and the Long Great War, 1914–1925. (Routledge). 256 pp. ISBN 9781138698321.
31. Varnava, Andrekos. (January 2021). Assassination in Colonial Cyprus in 1934 and the Origins of EOKA. (Anthem Press). 142 pp. ISBN 9781785275524.
32. Edited by Andrekos Varnava and Hubert Faustmann (2009), Reunifying Cyprus: The Annan Plan and Beyond (I. B. Tauris). 282pp. 978-1-84511-657-6.
33. Edited by Andrekos Varnava, Nicholas Coureas, Marina Elia. (2009). The Minorities of Cyprus: Development Patterns and the Identity of the Internal-Exclusion (Cambridge Scholars Publishing). 423 pp. 9781443800525.
34. Edited by Andrekos Varnava and Michalis N. Michael (2013). The Archbishops of Cyprus in the Modern Age: The Changing Role of the Archbishop-Ethnarch, their Identities and Politics (Cambridge Scholars Publishing) 331p. 978-1-4438-4929-6.
35. Edited by Andrekos Varnava. (2015). Imperial Expectations and Realities: El Dorados, Utopias and Dystopias (Manchester University Press). 273 pp. 978-9780719097867.
36. Edited by Michael J.K. Walsh and Andrekos Varnava. (2016). Australia and the Great War: Identity, Memory and Mythology (Melbourne University Press) 274p. 978-0-5228-6954-5.
37. Edited by Andrekos Varnava. (2017). The Great War and the British Empire: Culture and Society (Routledge) 310p. ISBN: (Hback) 978-1-138-69832-1.
38. Edited by Philip Payton and Andrekos Varnava. (2019). Australia, Migration and Empire – Immigrants in a Globalised World. (Palgrave Macmillan). 319 pp. 978-3-030-22389-2.
39. Edited by Richard Scully and Andrekos Varnava. (October 2019). Comic empires- Imperialism in cartoons, caricature, and satirical art. (Manchester University Press). 456 pp. ISBN 978-1-5261-4294-8.
40. Edited by Michael J. K. Walsh and Andrekos Varnava. (September 2021). After the Armistice – Empire, Endgame and Aftermath. (Routledge). 300 pp. 978-0-3674-8755-3.
41. Edited by Romain Fathi, Margaret Hutchison, Andrekos Varnava and Michael Walsh. (January 2022). Exiting war – The British Empire and the 1918–20 moment. (Manchester University Press). 232 pp. ISBN 978-1-5261-5584-9.
42. Edited by Yianni Cartledge & Andrekos Varnava. (November 2022). New Perspectives on the Greek War of Independence: Myths, Realities, Legacies and Reflections. (Palgrave Macmillan/Springer). 357 pp. ISBN 978-3-031-10848-8. [1]
43. Edited by Andrekos Varnava and Michael J.K. Walsh. (2023). Popular Culture and its Relationship to Conflict in the UK and Australia since the Great War (Routledge). 142pp. 978-1-0323-9342-1.

Notes

1. Cypriot minorities had been forced by nationalists to identify as either Greek or Turkish Cypriot in the aftermath of the schism following independence in 1960; the same nationalism that had been responsible for the diasporas of minorities post WWI in the first place. This view was not universally welcome.
2. Triantafyllides' grand-daughter, Stella Kyriakides, is a politician in Cyprus and European Commissioner for Health and Food Safety