According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2), all land.
The area near town is agricultural, so fields and small creeks are plentiful. The town is bordered by the Camp Creek on the west and Valley Ditch to the north. Though part of the immense Gallatin National Forest, there are few trees in the area. Located in the Gallatin valley, Amsterdam has views of the Bridger Mountains to the north, and the Gallatin Mountains to the south.
History
Originally called Walrath for farmer A. J. Walrath, Amsterdam was established in 1911 by the Northern Pacific Railway on a branch line between Manhattan and Anceney. The railroad changed the name to Amsterdam because of the large number of Dutch settlers. The settlers moved to the area in the 1890s to grow malting barley to supply the Manhattan Malting Company.[3]
Elementary students in public schools attend either Amsterdam School or Manhattan Elementary School[citation needed]. High school students attend Manhattan High School. In 2022, the high school had 260 students with 18.8 full-time equivalency teachers.[7]