Share to: share facebook share twitter share wa share telegram print page

8×50mmR Lebel

8×50mmR (8 mm Lebel/Balle D)
TypeRifle
Place of originFrance, French Third Republic
Service history
In service1887–1945[1][2]
Used bySee Users
WarsFrench colonial campaigns,
World War I,
World War II,
and other conflicts
Production history
Designed1886
VariantsBalle M, balle D, balle N, balle T, balle P
Specifications
Parent case11×59mmR Gras
Case typeRimmed, bottleneck
Bullet diameter8.30 mm (0.327 in)
Land diameter8.00 mm (0.315 in)
Neck diameter8.85 mm (0.348 in)
Shoulder diameter11.42 mm (0.450 in)
Base diameter13.77 mm (0.542 in)
Rim diameter16.00 mm (0.630 in)
Rim thickness1.40 mm (0.055 in)
Case length50.50 mm (1.988 in)
Overall length75.00 mm (2.953 in)
Rifling twist240 mm (1 in 9.45 inch)
Primer typeLarge rifle
Maximum pressure320.00 MPa (46,412 psi)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy
12.8 g (198 gr) Balle D Solid Brass 730 m/s (2,400 ft/s) 3,364 J (2,481 ft⋅lbf)
15 g (231 gr) Balle N FMJ 690 m/s (2,300 ft/s) 3,751 J (2,767 ft⋅lbf)
Source(s): C.I.P.[3][4]

The 8×50mmR Lebel (8mm Lebel) (designated as the 8 × 51 R Lebel by the C.I.P.[3]) rifle cartridge was the first smokeless powder cartridge to be made and adopted by any country. It was introduced by France in 1886. Formed by necking down the 11×59mmR Gras black powder cartridge, the smokeless 8mm Lebel cartridge started a revolution in military rifle ammunition. Standard 8mm Lebel military ammunition was also the first rifle ammunition to feature a spitzer boat tail bullet (balle D), which was adopted in 1898.[5] The long-range ballistic performance of the 8mm Lebel bullet itself was exceptional for its time. For use in the magazine tube-fed early Lebel rifle, the 8 mm case was designed to protect against accidental percussion inside the tube magazine by a circular groove around the primer cup which caught the tip of the following pointed bullet. However, the shape of its rimmed bottle-necked case, having been designed for the Lebel rifle's tube magazine, also precluded truly efficient vertical stacking inside a vertical magazine. The bolt thrust of the 8mm Lebel is relatively high compared to many other service rounds used in the early 20th century. Although it was once revolutionary, the 8mm Lebel was declared obsolete after World War I and was soon after replaced with the 7.5×54mm French round.

Note

There are two commercially available 8mm Lebel cartridges: one for the Lebel Model 1886 rifle, and one for the Modèle 1892 revolver. They are two entirely different cartridges and are not interchangeable. The term "8mm Lebel" for the French Mle 1892 revolver ammunition, is only applied outside France for commercial reasons. However, the term "8mm Lebel", used to identify a rifle cartridge, is widely recognized to distinguish the French rifle cartridge from other 8 mm rifle cartridges, such as the 8×50mmR Mannlicher cartridge used by Austria-Hungary and its successor states.

8×50mmR Lebel rifle ammunition

balle M

The cartridge for the tube-fed long arm was originally loaded with a 15.0 g (232 grains) cupro-nickel-jacketed, lead-cored, flat-nosed, wadcutter-style bullet, called "balle M", which had been designed by Lieutenant Colonel Nicolas Lebel. The flat point (flat nose or tip) of this bullet had been designed to be safe inside the newly commissioned rifle's tube magazine. It was propelled by the first practical smokeless, nitrocellulose-based powder (Poudre B), as developed by Paul Vieille in 1884. The ballistic performance and range of balle M with the new propellant eclipsed all the previous military ammunitions in existence at the time (1886).

Technical drawings of the French 1898 pattern balle D bullet

This balle M was replaced in 1898 by a new design, a 12.8 g (198 grains) 90/10 bronze mono-metal, pointed (spitzer) boat-tail bullet called "balle D", which provided a flatter trajectory and improved long-range performance. Designed at the Atelier de Puteaux (APX) by Captain Georges Desaleux, the balle D was the first pointed and boat-tailed bullet to be placed into service by any military. Later on in 1912, the round was improved into the balle D am ("am" stands for "amorçage modifié" or "modified primer"), done by crimping the primer in more deeply to prevent primer expulsions when fired in machine guns. This ammunition was in near-universal service during World War I (1914–1918) in all Lebel-caliber weapons. The balle D am ammunition was followed in 1932 by balle N ammunition, which featured a lead-cored, cupro-nickel-over-steel-jacketed, pointed boat-tail bullet weighing 15.0 g (232 grains). It was thicker (8.3 mm instead of 8.17) and was held into a case that had a slightly larger neck diameter than that for the older balle D am ammunition. The new balle N was again heavier than the balle D am, and had been designed to improve the long-range performance of the issued Hotchkiss machine guns. Rechambering practically all French Lebel-caliber rifles and carbines to use the "N"-type ammunition was carried out during the 1930s. A balle T (tracer ammunition) and balle P armor-piercing rounds were also produced, along with blank and reduced charge cartridges.

balle N
balle T

In order to safely accommodate pointed (spitzer) bullets inside the Lebel rifle magazine, a circular groove was machined around each primer cup at the case base on both balle D am and balle N ammunitions. The role of that circular groove is to receive the pointed bullet tip of the following round loaded inside the tube magazine, and keep it at the side of the case base of the previous cartridge, so the tip does not easily slide to the base center where the primer is located. The tapered form of the case itself did help too to keep pointed tips away from the primer cup of a round in front of another in the tube. Furthermore, all balle D and balle M French military ammunitions featured convex primer covers which are crimped in over the primer itself. Those small covers are not noticeable, but do provide a second effective protection against accidental primer percussion inside the Lebel's tube magazine. Wartime experiences (1914–1918) involving hundreds of millions of Lebel rounds fired in combat have entirely confirmed the effectiveness of these protections.

8mm Lebel dimensions

While revolutionary for its time in terms of ballistic performance, the 8×50mmR Lebel cartridge had its drawbacks. Formed by necking down the 11mm Gras rifle cartridge case, it was an odd design, with a thick rim and a rapid double taper. This made it more difficult to feed from standard magazine firearms such as the Berthier rifles and the Chauchat machine guns, and is the reason for the distinct curvature in the magazines of those firearms. The Lebel rifle from which it was fired was also rather outdated by the time balle D, let alone the balle N, came along.

A balle N round can only be fired from Lebel or Berthier rifles, if the chamber has been reamed to accept the larger neck of the N-type cartridge. Such weapons are stamped N on top of the barrel, just in front of the receiver and behind the rear sight. The balle N ammunition is identifiable by the fact that the bullet, while pointed like the solid-brass balle D, is lead-cored and jacketed with soft steel.

balle P

While newly manufactured 8×50mmR Lebel ammunition has become available in the U.S., reloadable cartridge cases can also be produced by reforming .348 Winchester brass. The 8mm Lebel round produced by Prvi Partizan is of excellent quality and replicates the performance of the original round. However, Privi Partizan's older style brass cases lack the circular groove around the primer cup, so reloaders use round-nosed or flat-nosed bullets when producing handloads for the tube-magazine Lebel rifles with these cases. The older Privi Partizan cases loaded with spire point bullets should only be fired single shot. More recently, Privi Partizan manufactured Lebel ammunition with spitzer bullets do incorporate the circular groove at the base, and are safe when stacked in the box-magazine of Berthier rifles and the tubular magazine of Lebel rifles. Newer cases with circular groove follow the balle D specifications, and shooters may use the magazine for loading.

In 1929, the 7.5×54mm MAS mod. 1929 (7.5 French) cartridge was introduced. This made the 8×50mmR Lebel cartridge obsolete, but due to post-World War I financial constraints and political neglect, it was not introduced as a rifle cartridge until the adoption, just before World War II, of the MAS-36 rifle.

Downrange performance comparison

1886 pattern 8×51mmR Lebel balle M load

Distance (m) 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000
Trajectory (m) 0 0.14 0.81 2.39 5.27 9.83 31.71 75.61
Velocity (m/s) 628 488 397 335 290 255 197 160

1898 pattern 8×51mmR Lebel balle D load

Distance (m) 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000
Trajectory (m) 0 0.12 0.54 1.43 3.01 5.60 18.30 44.0
Velocity (m/s) 700 607 521 448 388 342 278 240

Weapons using the 8mm Lebel round

Rifles

Machine guns

Users

See also

References

  1. ^ Historicfirearm. (n.d.). Historicalfirearms. Historical Firearms. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://www.historicalfirearms.info/page/163
  2. ^ Jardim, F. (2022, March 24). Austria-Hungary's M95 rifle. GUNS Magazine. Retrieved April 20, 2022, from https://gunsmagazine.com/our-experts/surplus-classic/austria-hungarys-m95-rifle/
  3. ^ a b "C.I.P. TDCC datasheet 8 × 51 R Lebel" (PDF).
  4. ^ Johnson, Melvin M. Jr. (1944). Rifles and Machine Guns. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 384.
  5. ^ Chuck Hawks. "The 8x50R Lebel (8mm Lebel)".
  6. ^ "Foreign Rifles of the Spanish Republic, 1936-1939 – Surplused". 15 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.

Sources

Baca informasi lainnya:

Jacob BertrandBertrand tahun 2014Lahir6 Maret 2000 (umur 23)Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktorTahun aktif2007–sekarang Jacob Bertrand (lahir 6 Maret 2000[1][2]) adalah seorang aktor asal Amerika Serikat. Bertrand memulai karirnya sebagai aktor cilik dalam film Duress (2009) dan peran tamu di serial televisi seperti The Cape dan The Middle. Ia dikenal karena memainkan karakter tituler dalam serial Disney XD Kirby Buckets (2014-2017), dan memainkan karakter Jack Malloy di Di…

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Морозов; Морозов, Олег. Олег Викторович Морозов Председатель комитета Государственной Думы Федерального собрания Российской Федерации по контролю с 12 октября 2021 Предшественник должность учреждена Сенатор Ро

Lokasi Yaan di Provinsi Sichuan Yaan atau Ya'an (Hanzi: 雅安; Pinyin: Yǎ'ān; Wade–Giles: Ya-an, Tibetan: Yak-Nga [གཡག་རྔ་]) adalah sebuah kota yang megah di bagian barat provinsi Sichuan, yang diambil dari nama seseorang di Republik Tiongkok, berlokasi di bawah dataran tinggi Tibet.[1] Sejarah Sebelumnya, kota tersebut dinamai Yazhou-fu, kota pertama yang terbentuk pada Dinasti Zhou (1122-255 SM).[1] Kota ini dihuni oleh Dinasti Qin dan Dinasti Han…

Canal in the United Kingdom Map of the Worcester & Birmingham Canal and connecting waterways (zoom in for details) vteWorcester and Birmingham Canal Legend BCN Main Line Gas Street Basin (Worcester Bar) Holliday Street aqueduct 86  A4540  Middle Ring Road Edgbaston Tunnel (105 yd) 81 Cross-City Line Dudley Canal Selly Oak Jn Ariel Aqueduct 80  A38  Bristol Road 79 Cross-City line 75  A441  Pershore Road 74 Camp Hill line Stratford-upon-Avon Canal -- Kings …

هذه المقالة بحاجة لصندوق معلومات. فضلًا ساعد في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة صندوق معلومات مخصص إليها. هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أكتوبر 2023) هذه مقالة غير مراجعة. ينبغي أن يزال هذا القالب بعد أن يراجع

  Sceloporus variabilis Estado de conservaciónPreocupación menor (UICN 3.1)[1]​TaxonomíaReino: AnimaliaFilo: ChordataClase: ReptiliaOrden: SquamataSuborden: SauriaFamilia: PhrynosomatidaeGénero: SceloporusEspecie: S. variabilisWiegmann, 1834[2]​Sinonimia Sceloporus marmoratus Hallowell, 1852 Sceloporus delicatissimus Hallowell, 1852 Sceloporus olloporus Smith, 1937 [editar datos en Wikidata] La lagartija-escamosa panza rosada[3]​ (Sceloporus variabilis) …

Jaksa Agung Muda Bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara Kejaksaan Agung Republik IndonesiaGambaran umumDasar hukumPeraturan Presiden Nomor 38 Tahun 2010Susunan organisasiJaksa Agung Muda Perdata dan Tata Usaha NegaraFeri Wibisono[1]Kantor pusatJl. Sultan Hasanuddin No.1 Kebayoran Baru Jakarta Selatan - IndonesiaSitus webwww.kejaksaan.go.id Jaksa Agung Muda Bidang Perdata dan Tata Usaha Negara disingkat (Jamdatun) merupakan unsur pembantu pimpinan dalam melaksanakan tugas dan wewenang …

この項目には性的な表現や記述が含まれます。免責事項もお読みください。 ガレオン(Gareon)は、かつて存在した日本のゲイビデオメーカーである。1993年に大阪府大東市で設立されたが[1]、ガレオンは2000年頃、系列のマグマは2001年頃撤退した。レーベルには他に「ガレオン・ジュニア」もあった(1999年頃撤退)。90年代の途中、大東市から都島区に所在地変更。

Оберросбах Oberroßbach —  громада  — Герб Координати: 50°39′16″ пн. ш. 8°02′23″ сх. д. / 50.65444° пн. ш. 8.03972° сх. д. / 50.65444; 8.03972 Країна  Німеччина Земля Рейнланд-Пфальц Район Вестервальд Об'єднання громад Реннерод Площа  - Повна 2,81…

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) A major contributor to this article appears to have a close connection with its subject. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This article relies excessively on referenc…

Cá hồng vĩ mỏ vịtThời điểm hóa thạch: Miocene - Recent TiềnЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N [1]Tình trạng bảo tồnÍt quan tâm (IUCN 3.1)Phân loại khoa họcGiới (regnum)AnimaliaNgành (phylum)ChordataLớp (class)ActinopterygiiBộ (ordo)SiluroformesHọ (familia)PimelodidaeChi (genus)PhractocephalusAgassiz, 1829Loài (species)P. hemioliopterusDanh pháp hai phầnPhractocephalus hemioliopterus(Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) Danh pháp đồng nghĩa Sil…

Bahasa Sachsen Hilir Timur Oostplattdütsch Dituturkan diJerman, Polandia, BrasilRumpun bahasaIndo-Eropa JermanikJermanik BaratJermanik Laut UtaraSachsen HilirSachsen Hilir Timur Kode bahasaISO 639-2nds untuk Sachsen HilirISO 639-3nds untuk Sachsen HilirGlottolognort2627[1]Lokasi penuturanBahasa Sachsen Hilir setelah 1945 dan pengusiran paksa penutur bahasa Jerman dari Eropa Timur dan Tengah. Bahasa Sachsen Hilir Timur mencakup tiga dialek di timur, i.e., Mecklenburg (8), Märk Utar…

Чальчіутлікуе Покровитель для greenstone[d], вода, річка, море, природний водотікd, буря і хрещення  Медіафайли у Вікісховищі Чальчіутлікуе Чальчіутлікуе (ісп. Chalchiuhtlicue) — богиня вод (дощу, річок, озер, струмків, морів), представниця ацтекського пантеону. Ім'

Association football tournament in Brazil 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil redirects here. For the video game, see 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil (video game). 2014 World Cup redirects here. For the basketball tournament, see 2014 FIBA Basketball World Cup. For other uses, see 2014 World Cup (disambiguation). FIFA 2014 redirects here. For the video game, see FIFA 14. For other uses, see FIFA Online 3. 2014 FIFA World CupCopa do Mundo da FIFA Brasil 2014 (Brazilian Portuguese)Juntos num só ritmo(lit.…

حي شنغاني Shangaani فندق عربو في حي شنغاني حي شنغاني في بنادر تقسيم إداري  البلد الصومال  التقسيم الأعلى بنادر  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   شنغاني (بالصومالية: Shangaani أو Shengaani)‏ حي من أحياء التاريخية في محافظة بنادر يقع شرق العاصمة الصومالية مقديشو ويطل على المحيط الهندي. حيث يض…

The 2005 mid-summer festival at Stonehenge The Council of British Druid Orders is a neo-pagan group established in 1989 which was originally formed to facilitate ceremonies at Stonehenge.[1] The council's founder, Tim Sebastion, used the title Archdruid of Wiltshire, Chosen Chief of the Secular Order of Druids, Conservation Officer for the Council of British Druid Orders and Bard of the Gorsedd of Caer Abiri (Avebury).[2] COBDO represents some sixteen British Druid Orders, and St…

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Februari 2023. OJSC Marine Scientific Research Institute of radioelectronics atau biro desain MNIIRE Altair (Rusia: Морской научно-исследовательский институт радиоэлектроники - МНИИРЭ «Альтаир») adala…

Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Bảo An. Bảo An Phường Phường Bảo An Hành chínhQuốc gia Việt NamVùngDuyên hải Nam Trung BộTỉnhNinh ThuậnThành phốPhan Rang – Tháp ChàmTrụ sở UBNDSố 630, đường 21 tháng 8Thành lập1981Địa lýTọa độ: 11°35′29″B 108°57′04″Đ / 11,591363°B 108,951137°Đ / 11.591363; 108.951137 Bảo An Vị trí phường Bảo An trên bản đồ Việt Nam Diện tích3,22 km²Dâ…

Sam WaterstonWaterston di Los Angeles, California, 7 Januari 2010LahirSamuel Atkinson Waterston15 November 1940 (umur 83)Cambridge, Massachusetts, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanAktor, produser acara televisi, sutradara acara televisiTahun aktif1965- sekarangSuami/istriBarbara Rutledge (1964–1975; bercerai) Lynn Louisa Woodruff (1976–sekarang)AnakJames WaterstonElisabeth Waterston Katherine WaterstonGraham Waterston Samuel Atkinson Sam Waterston (lahir pada 15 November 1940) adalah seoran…

Chicago-based investigative journalism non-profit organization Better Government AssociationFounded1923FounderE.J. DavisTypeNon-profit OrganizationLocationChicagoWebsitehttp://www.bettergov.org The Better Government Association (BGA) is a Chicago-based investigative journalism non-profit organization. History The BGA was established in 1923 to increase voter participation in Chicago elections, and was originally intended to serve as a non-partisan guide to better government.[1] This was …

The Many Flags campaign was an initiative by United States President Lyndon Johnson to get U.S. allies in Asia and the Pacific to participate in the Vietnam War in support of South Vietnam. While it served a military purpose, the program was also a propaganda effort by Johnson to enlist Free World forces in the Cold War against communism. The U.S. supported the Allied forces through direct monetary aid, military contracts, logistic aid, and various forms of economic compensation. Officially Sout…

Set of books by G. E. Cokayne and others This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: The Complete Peerage – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (August 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Complete Peerage 1910–1998AuthorG. E. Cokayne et al.CountryUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland(From 1927, United Kingdom …

American musician Kalani DasBackground informationOccupation(s)PercussionistMusic TherapistEducatorInstrument(s)percussionWebsiteKalaniMusic.comMusical artist Kalani Das, also known simply as Kalani (birth name Michael Bruno), is an American classically trained percussionist, author, and educator. He has recorded percussion with numerous artists including Yanni and Suzanne Ciani, and has won several awards, including #1 Rock/Pop Percussionist through DRUM! Magazine.[1][2] He has …

Typeface Luxi SansCategorySans-serifClassificationHumanistDesigner(s)Kris Holmes and Charles BigelowFoundryBigelow & HolmesDate released2001 Luxi is a family of typefaces originally designed for the X Window System by Kris Holmes and Charles Bigelow from Bigelow & Holmes Inc. The Luxi typefaces are similar to Lucida – their previous font design. Luxi fonts were once commonly distributed with free software operating systems, such as Linux. They were featured as the default fonts for Red…

Artikel ini bukan mengenai Balai Peringatan Sun Yat-sen (Taipei) atau Balai Peringatan Sun Yat-sen (Guangzhou). Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial HallDidirikanNovember 2001LokasiBalestier, SingapuraUkuran koleksiArtefak-artefak dari Revolusi Xinhai dan kehidupan Sun Yat-senSitus webSitus web resmi Balai Peringatan Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Balai Peringatan Sun Yat Sen Nanyang (Hanzi sederhana: 孙中山南洋纪念馆; Hanzi tradisional: 孫中山南洋紀念館; Pinyin: Sūn Zhōngshān Nány…

English limited overs cricket team based in Southampton, United Kingdom Southern BravePersonnelCaptainJames Vince (Men's team) Anya Shrubsole (Women's team)CoachStephen Fleming (Men's team) Charlotte Edwards (Women's team)Overseas player(s)Finn Allen Devon Conway Tim David Mitchell Santner (Men's team) Maitlan Brown Smriti Mandhana Chloe Tryon (Women's team)Team informationColours   Founded2019Home groundAgeas BowlCapacity15,000 (25,000 with temporary seating)HistoryNo. of titles2…

Coppa Intertoto 1982Coppa d'Estate 1982 Competizione Coppa Intertoto Sport Calcio Edizione 16ª Organizzatore SFP Date dal 26 giugno 1982al 31 luglio 1982 Luogo Europa Partecipanti 36 da 10 paesi Formula 9 gironi all'italiana A/R Risultati Vincitore finali non disputate Cronologia della competizione 1981 1983 Manuale La Coppa Intertoto 1982, detta anche Coppa d'Estate 1982, è stata la sedicesima edizione di questa competizione (la ventiduesima, contando anche quelle della Coppa Rappan) …

Vivian Malone si immatricola all'università dell'Alabama. Vivian Juanita Malone Jones (Mobile, 15 luglio 1942 – Atlanta, 13 ottobre 2005) è stata un'attivista statunitense, nota per essere una dei primi due afroamericani che si immatricolarono all'Università dell'Alabama nel 1963. È stata anche la prima laureata afro-americana dell'ateneo. Vivian Malone Jones è stata resa celebre dall'episodio noto come Stand in the Schoolhouse Door, avvenuto l'11 giugno 1963 durante la presidenza di John…

ماكريييالوس   تقسيم إداري البلد اليونان  [1] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 40°25′00″N 22°36′00″E / 40.41666667°N 22.6°E / 40.41666667; 22.6  الارتفاع 40 متر  السكان التعداد السكاني 1681 (إحصاء السكان) (2011)  معلومات أخرى التوقيت ت ع م+02:00 (توقيت قياسي)،  وت ع م+03:00 (توقيت صيفي)  ا…

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 5th Air Corps Germany – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)V. FliegerkorpsGerman 5th Air CorpsFlag of a commanding general of a FliegerkorpsActive11 October 1939 – April 1942Count…

Kembali kehalaman sebelumnya