The squadron was first activated as the 746th Bombardment Squadron in June 1943. After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterranean Theater of Operations, where it participated in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. It earned two Distinguished Unit Citations for its combat operations. Following V-E Day, the squadron returned to the United States and began reorganizing as a very heavy bomber unit, but after the Japanese surrender, was inactivated in October 1945.
The squadron was reactivated in the reserve in 1947, but does not appear to have been fully equipped or manned. It was activated again in 1952 as the 746th Troop Carrier Squadron, when the 456th Troop Carrier Group replaced the 435th Troop Carrier Group, a reserve group that had been mobilized for the Korean War. It operated from Japan with elements of United States Air Force Security Service, performing special reconnaissance missions, until returning to the United States for inactivation in 1958.
It was converted to provisional status as the 746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron in 2002.
The squadron arrived in theater at Cerignola Airfield on 11 January 1944 and later that month moved to its combat station of Stornara Airfield, Italy.[1] The squadron commenced combat operations the following month, primarily engaging in the strategic bombing campaign against Germany. Its early operations were conducted against airfields, aircraft factories, and railroad bridges in Italy, Austria and Romania. On 10 May 1944, the squadron targeted a manufacturing center at Wiener Neustadt, Austria, but adverse weather caused most of the attacking force to turn back before reaching the target. The 746th and the rest of the 456th Group proceeded to attack the target despite heavy interceptor opposition that was able to concentrate on defending against the group's Liberators. Its actions in this operation earned the squadron its first Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).[3]
Later, the squadron expanded its operations to include attacks on locomotive manufacturing plants, oil refineries, oil storage facilities and viaducts in France, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and on the Balkan peninsula. On 2 July 1944, the squadron experienced severe fighter attacks while bombing oil facilities at Budapest, Hungary, for which it was awarded a second DUC.[3]
Following V-E Day, the squadron airlifted supplies to airfields in northern Italy. It returned to the United States in July and began to reorganize as a very heavy bomber unit in preparation for operations in the Pacific. However, with the surrender of Japan, the squadron was inactivated on 17 October 1945.[1][3]
Air Force reserve
The squadron was reactivated as a reserve unit in July 1947, under Air Defense Command (ADC) at McChord Field, Washington, where its training was supervised by ADC's 406th AAF Base Unit (later the 2345th Air Force Reserve Training Center).[4] It was nominally a very heavy bomber unit, but according to air force historian Maurer Maurer, the squadron does not appear to have been fully manned or equipped with operational aircraft while a reserve unit.[5] In 1948 Continental Air Command (ConAC) assumed responsibility for managing reserve and Air National Guard units from ADC.[6] President Truman’s reduced 1949 defense budget required reductions in the number of units in the Air Force.[7] ConAC also reorganized its reserve units under the wing base organization system in June 1949. As a result, the squadron was inactivated and its personnel and equipment were transferred to elements of the 302d Troop Carrier Wing, which was activated simultaneously.[1][8]
In March 1955, the 456th Troop Carrier Wing reorganized, and the squadron was assigned directly to wing headquarters as the 456th Group. All wing support organizations were inactivated at this time, while the squadron formed a detachment with eight C-119L aircraft. In October, the squadron moved with the wing to Shiroi Air Base, Japan, but the flying detachments of the wing were located at various points between Okinawa and Alaska. The squadron took part in Project Drag Net, recovering instrument packages from high altitude research or reconnaissance balloons.[c] The project was terminated in May 1956 due to its low success rate, although the squadron earned an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award for its participation. The squadron returned to the United States and Ardmore Air Force Base, Oklahoma, where it was inactivated in July 1956 and its assets transferred to the 341st Troop Carrier Squadron.[1][10]
Air expeditionary unit
The squadron was converted to provisional status as the 746th Expeditionary Airlift Squadron in 2002.[11] It was activated in 2004 as a Lockheed C-130 Hercules airlift squadron as part of the Global War on Terrorism. It is a "rainbow" unit, composed of crews and planes from active duty, reserve, and Air National Guard units.[12] The squadron, as recently as 2017 was responsible for transporting personnel and materiel to support Operation Inherent Resolve.[13]
Lineage
Constituted as the 746th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 14 May 1943
Activated on 1 June 1943
Redesignated 746th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy c. 5 March 1944
Redesignated 746th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 5 August 1945
Inactivated on 17 October 1945
Activated in the reserve on 12 July 1947
Inactivated on 27 June 1949
Redesignated 746th Troop Carrier Squadron, Medium on 15 October 1952
^The aircraft was at Bagram Air Base, Afghanistan in support of humanitarian relief efforts in Pakistan, 20 August 2010.
^Approved 9 September 1956. Description: On a sky blue disc, bordered white, edged of the first [color mentioned], over a white ellipse, a caricatured mule, shades of light brown, highlighted white; muzzle light blue, nostril, eye, hoofs black; teeth, eyeball, highlights on hoofs white; gums light red with snorting mad facial expression; the mule in racing position with white air clouds from his snorting nosyrils and running hoofs.
^The project, or aspects of it, operated under various code names: Project Genetrix, WS-119L, and Project Moby Dick. Project Drag Net apparently referred to the training portion of the operation and was an unclassified name.
^Air Forces Central Command has awarded campaign credit for several campaigns to the "746th Air Refueling Squadron." It is not clear if this is a typographical error for awards to this unit.
Watkins, Robert A. (2009). Insignia and Aircraft Markings of the U.S. Army Air Force In World War II. Vol. IV, European-African-Middle Eastern Theater of Operations. Atglen,PA: Shiffer Publishing, Ltd. ISBN978-0-7643-3401-6.