1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles (Union)

1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles
ActiveMarch, 1864 – June 26, 1865
Country United States
AllegianceUnion
BranchUnion Army
Size665 (total)
EngagementsAmerican Civil War

The 1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles was a unit in the Union Army during the American Civil War,[1] and was the only Union Mississippi unit created during the Civil War other than regiments of the United States Colored Troops[2]

History

Captain George Leoni, 1st Battalion Mississippi Mounted Rifles. Transferred from 4th Illinois Cavalry Regiment.

The battalion was organized in Memphis, Tennessee, in March 1864,[3] and consisted of Unionist and anti-Confederate volunteers from Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas and Alabama. Vicksburg,[4] Memphis,[2] and Corinth were recruiting centers for the battalion. Several of the enlistees were former Confederate soldiers who had left Southern service either via desertion or capture by Union forces.[5] The commanding officers were northerners recruited from Union cavalry regiments.[5]

The battalion deployed from Memphis on July 4, 1864 to Grand Gulf, Mississippi alongside the 7th Indiana Cavalry, 2nd New Jersey Cavalry, and 19th Pennsylvania Cavalry in pursuit of Wood's Mississippi Cavalry under General William Wirt Adams operating in the area. The Union expedition skirmished with Confederate forces in the Port Gibson area before returning to Memphis later that month.[1] Lt. Col. Shorey, commanding the battalion, was wounded in a skirmish near Rocky Springs, Mississippi, captured, and exchanged.[5]

In August 1864, the battalion along with other Union units led by Colonel Joseph Kargé was sent to Oxford, Mississippi and later Holly Springs to oppose General Forrest's cavalry, returning to Memphis the same month. In December 1864, the battalion took part in General Grierson's raid against the Mobile & Ohio Railroad in Mississippi, guarding the pack train during the Battle of Egypt Station on December 28th while the 2nd New Jersey Cavalry, 4th Missouri Cavalry, and 7th Indiana Cavalry under Colonel Kargé fought the Confederates.[6] The battalion returned to Memphis in January, 1865. Later that month the battalion participated in its last action, an excursion into Arkansas and Northeast Louisiana led by Colonel Embury D. Osband. The unit was mustered out of service on June 26, 1865 at Memphis.[1][5]

A total of 665 men organized into five companies (A-G) served in the battalion.[5]

Commanders

Officers of the 1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles:[7]

  • Lt. Col. Samuel O. Shorey
  • Capt. George N. Leoni
  • Capt. Napoleon Snyder

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Dyer, Frederick Henry (1908). Compendium of the War of the Rebellion: Regimental Histories. New York: T. Yoseloff.
  2. ^ a b Blain, William T. (1976). "Banner" Unionism in Mississippi: Choctaw County 1861-1869". The Mississippi Quarterly. 29 (2): 207-220. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Battle Unit Details 1st Battalion, Mississippi Mounted Rifles". US National Park Service. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Attention Volunteers!". Vicksburg Herald. August 17, 1864. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  5. ^ a b c d e Johnson, Beau (May 11, 2012). "1st Mississippi Mounted Rifles: Mississippi's Union Battalion in the Civil War". University of Southern Mississippi Honors Theses. 41. Retrieved December 16, 2023.
  6. ^ United States War Department (1895). The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, Vol. 45 Serial 93. Washington DC: Government Printing Office. p. 849. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
  7. ^ Official Army Register of the Volunteer Force of the United States Army for the Years 1861, '62, '63, '64, '65: Part IV: West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky. US Army Adjutant General's Office. 1867. p. 1154.

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