The 1976 Friuli earthquake, also known in Italy as Terremoto del Friuli (Friulian earthquake), occurred on 6 May 1976, at 21:00:13 (20:00:13 UTC) with a moment magnitude of 6.5 and a maximum EMS intensity of X (very destructive).[3] The shock occurred in the Friuli region in northeast Italy near the town of Gemona del Friuli. 990 people were killed,[5] up to about 3,000 were injured, and more than 157,000 were left homeless.
Seventy-seven villages in the Friuli region were affected. Gemona del Friuli was greatly damaged, with about 400 people killed in the town itself. Despite extensive emergency measures and international aid by the end of 1976, 15,000 people were still living in camping trailers, 1,000 in tents and 25,000 in evacuation centres. The damage was estimated at $4.25 million.[6][7] Much of the town has since been reconstructed. The tremor was felt in Venice, as well as neighbouring Austria, Switzerland and Slovenia (at the time part of Yugoslavia) and Germany. In Slovenia, the upper Soča valley and the Brda area was particularly affected, with the village of Breginj nearly completely destroyed. The earthquake damaged several buildings in Nova Gorica and was felt also in the Slovenian capital, Ljubljana. A total of 4,000 buildings were destroyed and 16,000 others were damaged across Slovenia, with around 80 percent of the population in the affected areas left homeless.[8]
USGS ShakeMap showing the intensity of the 1976 Friuli earthquake3D diagram of the geology of the affected area, showing the main geological layers, thrust faults, hypocentral area and the location of isoseismal lines
The Italian Government nominated Chamber of Deputies member Giuseppe Zamberletti as coordinator of aid efforts on behalf of the regional administration. The national funds were assigned to the reconstruction of the damaged buildings by Zamberletti and the regional council of Friuli-Venezia Giulia. From September to December 1976 all the earthquake victims were accommodated into prefabricated buildings, in order to better cope with the winter. Many local inhabitants lived in the Government supplied trailers for many years while homes were rebuilt. After Zamberletti's mandate the regional government of Friuli-Venezia Giulia was able to completely rebuild many towns, thanks to an accurate resource management, however some towns took over a decade to fully recover. Nowadays, many years after the tragedy, the State's intervention, the earthquake management and reconstruction in Friuli-Venezia Giulia are seen as a great example of efficiency and reliability.[9]
Aftershocks
There were many aftershocks, with two sets of strong shocks on 11 September (16:31, 5.5 Msand 16:35, 5.4 Ms ) and again on 15 September (03:15, 6.0 Ms and 9:21, 5.9 Ms ) 1976.[4]
Aftermath
This event also spurred the foundation of the Protezione Civile (the Italian Civil Defence body that deals with nationwide prevention and management of emergencies and catastrophic events).
^Carpenedo, Diego (2017). Il "modello friuli" di ricostruzione. Forum. ISBN978-8884209887.
Further reading
Cheloni, D.; d'Agostino, N.; d'Anastasio, E.; Selvaggi, G. (2012), "Reassessment of the source of the 1976 Friuli, NE Italy, earthquake sequence from the joint inversion of high-precision levelling and triangulation data", Geophysical Journal International, 190 (2): 1279–1294, Bibcode:2012GeoJI.190.1279C, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05561.x
Parolai, Stefano; Moratto, Luca; Bertoni, Michele; Scaini, Chiara; Rebez, Alessandro (2020). "Could a Decentralized Onsite Earthquake Early Warning System Help in Mitigating Seismic Risk in Northeastern Italy? The Case of the 1976 Ms 6.5 Friuli Earthquake". Seismological Research Letters. 91 (6). Seismological Society of America (SSA): 3323–3333. Bibcode:2020SeiRL..91.3323P. doi:10.1785/0220200177. ISSN0895-0695. S2CID228935116.
Slejko, D. (2018), What science remains of the 1976 Friuli earthquake?, doi:10.4430/bgta0224
.jpg)
