1948 Wisconsin gubernatorial election

1948 Wisconsin gubernatorial election
← 1946 November 2, 1948 1950 →
 
Nominee Oscar Rennebohm Carl W. Thompson
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 684,839 558,497
Percentage 54.09% 44.11%
County results
Rennebohm:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Thompson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Governor before election

Oscar Rennebohm
Republican

Elected Governor

Oscar Rennebohm
Republican

Elections in Wisconsin
Federal government
Presidential elections
Presidential primaries
Democratic
2000
2004
2008
2016
2020
2024
Republican
2004
2008
2012
2016
2020
2024
U.S. Senate elections
Class 1
Class 3
U.S. House of Representatives elections
State government
General elections
Gubernatorial elections
Lieutenant Gubernatorial elections
Secretary of State elections
Attorney General elections
Treasurer elections
Superintendent elections
State Senate elections
State Assembly elections
Supreme Court elections
Ballot measures
2006
Referendum 1
Green Bay
Mayoral elections
Madison
Mayoral elections
Milwaukee
Mayoral elections
Kenosha
Mayoral elections

The 1948 Wisconsin gubernatorial election was held on November 2, 1948.

Incumbent Republican Governor Oscar Rennebohm defeated Democratic nominee Carl W. Thompson with 54.09% of the vote.

Primary election

Primary elections were held on September 21, 1948.

Democratic party

Candidates

Results

Democratic primary results[3][4]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Carl W. Thompson 72,084 65.32%
Democratic William D. Carroll 38,275 34.68%
Total votes 110,359 100.00%

Republican party

Candidates

Results

Republican primary results[3][5]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Oscar Rennebohm (incumbent) 278,650 58.19%
Republican Ralph M. Immell 200,248 41.81%
Total votes 478,898 100.00%

People's Progressive party

Candidates

Results

People's Progressive primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Progressive Henry J. Berquist 6,525 100.00%
Total votes 6,525 100.00%

Socialist party

Candidates

  • Walter H. Uphoff, candidate for governor in 1946

Results

Socialist primary results[3]
Party Candidate Votes %
Socialist Walter H. Uphoff 3,798 100.00%
Total votes 3,798 100.00%

General election

Candidates

Major party candidates

Other candidates

Results

1948 Wisconsin gubernatorial election[7][8]
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Republican Oscar Rennebohm (incumbent) 684,839 54.09% −5.69%
Democratic Carl W. Thompson 558,497 44.11% +5.04%
Progressive Henry J. Berquist 12,928 1.02%
Socialist Walter H. Uphoff 9,149 0.72% −0.14%
Socialist Workers[a] James E. Boulton 356 0.03% −0.15%
Socialist Labor[b] Georgia Cozzini 328 0.03% −0.07%
Scattering[c] 42 0.00%
Majority 126,342 9.98%
Total votes 1,266,139 100.00%
Republican hold Swing -10.73%

Results by county

County[7][8] Oscar Rennebohm
Republican 		Carl W. Thompson
Democratic 		Henry J. Berquist
Progressive 		Walter H. Uphoff
Socialist 		All Others
Various 		Margin Total votes cast
# % # % # % # % # % # %
Adams 1,635 61.03% 1,009 37.66% 28 1.05% 7 0.26% 0 0.00% 626 23.37% 2,679
Ashland 4,469 62.29% 2,432 33.90% 249 3.47% 21 0.29% 3 0.04% 2,037 28.39% 7,174
Barron 7,373 62.22% 4,214 35.56% 233 1.97% 28 0.24% 1 0.01% 3,159 26.66% 11,849
Bayfield 3,239 58.51% 1,915 34.59% 362 6.54% 17 0.31% 3 0.05% 1,324 23.92% 5,536
Brown 18,163 51.17% 17,258 48.62% 46 0.13% 27 0.08% 4 0.01% 905 2.55% 35,498
Buffalo 3,144 67.04% 1,497 31.92% 19 0.41% 27 0.58% 3 0.06% 1,647 35.12% 4,690
Burnett 2,086 56.09% 1,536 41.30% 86 2.31% 7 0.19% 4 0.11% 550 14.79% 3,719
Calumet 4,535 66.10% 2,310 33.67% 11 0.16% 5 0.07% 0 0.00% 2,225 32.43% 6,861
Chippewa 8,376 60.00% 5,447 39.02% 100 0.72% 33 0.24% 3 0.02% 2,929 20.98% 13,959
Clark 7,322 67.45% 3,205 29.52% 267 2.46% 56 0.52% 6 0.06% 4,117 37.92% 10,856
Columbia 7,309 59.20% 5,003 40.52% 16 0.13% 19 0.15% 0 0.00% 2,306 18.68% 12,347
Crawford 3,680 53.78% 3,148 46.00% 3 0.04% 9 0.13% 3 0.04% 532 7.77% 6,843
Dane 23,669 38.28% 37,602 60.81% 219 0.35% 340 0.55% 6 0.01% -13,933 -22.53% 61,836
Dodge 12,269 63.45% 7,023 36.32% 1 0.01% 41 0.21% 2 0.01% 5,246 27.13% 19,336
Door 5,123 70.60% 2,109 29.07% 17 0.23% 7 0.10% 0 0.00% 3,014 41.54% 7,256
Douglas 8,658 47.29% 9,034 49.34% 560 3.06% 42 0.23% 15 0.08% -376 -2.05% 18,309
Dunn 5,634 61.72% 3,404 37.29% 65 0.71% 20 0.22% 6 0.07% 2,230 24.43% 9,129
Eau Claire 10,614 58.69% 7,359 40.69% 65 0.36% 39 0.22% 8 0.04% 3,255 18.00% 18,085
Florence 949 55.14% 508 29.52% 252 14.64% 10 0.58% 2 0.12% 441 25.62% 1,721
Fond du Lac 15,910 67.75% 7,396 31.49% 79 0.34% 97 0.41% 3 0.01% 8,514 36.25% 23,485
Forest 1,518 45.10% 1,699 50.48% 131 3.89% 17 0.51% 1 0.03% -181 -5.38% 3,366
Grant 9,759 65.51% 5,102 34.25% 11 0.07% 17 0.11% 7 0.05% 4,657 31.26% 14,896
Green 5,598 66.38% 2,800 33.20% 17 0.20% 16 0.19% 2 0.02% 2,798 33.18% 8,433
Green Lake 4,342 74.86% 1,428 24.62% 16 0.28% 13 0.22% 1 0.02% 2,914 50.24% 5,800
Iowa 4,541 59.58% 3,050 40.02% 16 0.21% 10 0.13% 5 0.07% 1,491 19.56% 7,622
Iron 1,537 43.27% 1,830 51.52% 173 4.87% 7 0.20% 5 0.14% -293 -8.25% 3,552
Jackson 3,468 64.19% 1,892 35.02% 18 0.33% 24 0.44% 1 0.02% 1,576 29.17% 5,403
Jefferson 9,297 57.79% 6,702 41.66% 36 0.22% 46 0.29% 6 0.04% 2,595 16.13% 16,087
Juneau 4,405 65.14% 2,311 34.18% 30 0.44% 13 0.19% 3 0.04% 2,094 30.97% 6,762
Kenosha 14,739 46.52% 16,285 51.40% 434 1.37% 201 0.63% 23 0.07% -1,546 -4.88% 31,682
Kewaunee 3,685 61.51% 2,293 38.27% 7 0.12% 3 0.05% 3 0.05% 1,392 23.23% 5,991
La Crosse 12,543 54.51% 10,241 44.50% 82 0.36% 138 0.60% 8 0.03% 2,302 10.00% 23,012
Lafayette 3,921 54.32% 3,281 45.45% 10 0.14% 7 0.10% 0 0.00% 640 8.87% 7,219
Langlade 4,447 56.82% 3,250 41.52% 114 1.46% 13 0.17% 3 0.04% 1,197 15.29% 7,827
Lincoln 5,286 67.03% 2,475 31.38% 100 1.27% 16 0.20% 9 0.11% 2,811 35.65% 7,886
Manitowoc 12,877 52.83% 11,330 46.48% 93 0.38% 70 0.29% 4 0.02% 1,547 6.35% 24,374
Marathon 14,215 51.01% 13,300 47.72% 171 0.61% 171 0.61% 9 0.03% 915 3.28% 27,869
Marinette 7,406 58.14% 5,195 40.78% 101 0.79% 35 0.27% 1 0.01% 2,211 17.36% 12,738
Marquette 2,393 74.09% 818 25.33% 13 0.40% 6 0.19% 0 0.00% 1,575 48.76% 3,230
Milwaukee 154,141 45.27% 174,598 51.28% 5,630 1.65% 5,694 1.67% 417 0.12% -20,457 -6.01% 340,480
Monroe 6,310 60.87% 3,980 38.39% 24 0.23% 46 0.44% 7 0.07% 2,330 22.48% 10,367
Oconto 5,652 63.18% 3,242 36.24% 33 0.37% 17 0.19% 2 0.02% 2,410 26.94% 8,946
Oneida 4,686 59.00% 2,952 37.16% 279 3.51% 22 0.28% 4 0.05% 1,734 21.83% 7,943
Outagamie 18,054 65.47% 9,427 34.19% 44 0.16% 43 0.16% 6 0.02% 8,627 31.29% 27,574
Ozaukee 5,547 62.91% 3,209 36.40% 47 0.53% 14 0.16% 0 0.00% 2,338 26.52% 8,817
Pepin 1,747 67.87% 803 31.20% 9 0.35% 11 0.43% 4 0.16% 944 36.67% 2,574
Pierce 5,150 64.36% 2,791 34.88% 42 0.52% 16 0.20% 3 0.04% 2,359 29.48% 8,002
Polk 5,220 56.38% 3,912 42.26% 98 1.06% 23 0.25% 5 0.05% 1,308 14.13% 9,258
Portage 5,560 40.39% 8,145 59.17% 36 0.26% 19 0.14% 5 0.04% -2,585 -18.78% 13,765
Price 4,188 63.46% 2,101 31.84% 279 4.23% 25 0.38% 6 0.09% 2,087 31.63% 6,599
Racine 21,544 50.06% 20,885 48.53% 443 1.03% 149 0.35% 13 0.03% 659 1.53% 43,034
Richland 4,373 64.80% 2,356 34.91% 11 0.16% 2 0.03% 6 0.09% 2,017 29.89% 6,748
Rock 18,634 55.52% 14,738 43.91% 91 0.27% 94 0.28% 7 0.02% 3,896 11.61% 33,564
Rusk 3,609 59.84% 2,269 37.62% 136 2.26% 17 0.28% 0 0.00% 1,340 22.22% 6,031
Sauk 8,398 62.19% 4,960 36.73% 37 0.27% 108 0.80% 1 0.01% 3,438 25.46% 13,504
Sawyer 2,993 69.28% 1,253 29.00% 61 1.41% 11 0.25% 2 0.05% 1,740 40.28% 4,320
Shawano 7,575 69.97% 3,169 29.27% 53 0.49% 26 0.24% 3 0.03% 4,406 40.70% 10,826
Sheboygan 14,161 47.43% 14,888 49.86% 348 1.17% 435 1.46% 26 0.09% -727 -2.43% 29,858
St. Croix 5,929 57.57% 4,303 41.78% 35 0.34% 31 0.30% 1 0.01% 1,626 15.79% 10,299
Taylor 3,520 57.81% 2,300 37.77% 119 1.95% 150 2.46% 0 0.00% 1,220 20.04% 6,089
Trempealeau 4,449 55.22% 3,579 44.42% 15 0.19% 12 0.15% 2 0.02% 870 10.80% 8,057
Vernon 5,087 52.94% 4,503 46.86% 11 0.11% 7 0.07% 1 0.01% 584 6.08% 9,609
Vilas 2,979 67.64% 1,266 28.75% 141 3.20% 17 0.39% 1 0.02% 1,713 38.90% 4,404
Walworth 11,789 73.02% 4,243 26.28% 76 0.47% 33 0.20% 3 0.02% 7,546 46.74% 16,144
Washburn 2,795 59.52% 1,693 36.05% 193 4.11% 6 0.13% 9 0.19% 1,102 23.47% 4,696
Washington 7,819 67.36% 3,719 32.04% 25 0.22% 45 0.39% 0 0.00% 4,100 35.32% 11,608
Waukesha 19,110 59.95% 12,481 39.15% 135 0.42% 141 0.44% 11 0.03% 6,629 20.79% 31,878
Waupaca 9,919 75.49% 3,163 24.07% 41 0.31% 16 0.12% 1 0.01% 6,756 51.42% 13,140
Waushara 3,990 76.95% 1,128 21.76% 49 0.95% 17 0.33% 1 0.02% 2,862 55.20% 5,185
Winnebago 19,784 62.57% 11,541 36.50% 91 0.29% 189 0.60% 13 0.04% 8,243 26.07% 31,618
Wood 9,993 61.36% 6,209 38.13% 45 0.28% 35 0.21% 3 0.02% 3,784 23.24% 16,285
Total 684,839 54.09% 558,497 44.11% 12,928 1.02% 9,149 0.72% 726 0.06% 126,342 9.98% 1,266,139

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

Notes

  1. ^ "Independent Socialist Workers"
  2. ^ "Independent Socialist Labor"
  3. ^ These are not listed in the Blue Book but are listed in the Board of Canvassers report.

References

  1. ^ "William Carroll, Prairie du Chien Mayor, Dead at 72". Janesville Daily Gazette. Janesville, Wisconsin. November 14, 1955. p. 3. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  2. ^ "Defeat of Stevenson For House Lone Upset In Wisconsin Primary". Evening star. Washington, D.C. September 22, 1948. p. A-2. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1950). "Primary Vote For Governor By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1950. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 647.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  4. ^ "WI Governor, 1948 - D Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  5. ^ "WI Governor, 1948 - R Primary". Our Campaigns. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  6. ^ "Milwaukee SWP Runs J. Boulton for Mayor" (PDF). The Militant. New York, NY. December 22, 1947. p. 4. Retrieved November 29, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Wisconsin Historical Society, Statement of Board of State Canvassers for State Officers - General Election - 1948
  8. ^ a b The Wisconsin Legislative Reference Library (1950). "Vote For Governor By Counties". The Wisconsin Blue Book 1950. Madison, Wisconsin. p. 749.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

Bibliography

Read other articles:

Камша Віра Вікторівна

Віра Вікторівна КамшаВера Викторовна Камша Ім'я при народженні Вера Викторовна КамшаПсевдонім Вера Камша, Gemma, GattyНародилася 5 листопада 1962(1962-11-05) (61 рік) Львів, УССРГромадянство  СРСР →  РосіяНаціональність росіянкаДіяльність письменникAlma mater Національний універс...

 

Chaeteessa

?Chaeteessa Богомол Chaeteessa caudata (Коста-Рика) Біологічна класифікація Царство: Тварини (Animalia) Тип: Членистоногі (Arthropoda) Клас: Комахи (Insecta) Ряд: Богомоли (Mantodea) Родина: Chaeteessidae Рід: ChaeteessaBurmeister 1838 Синоніми Hoplophora Perty, 1833Chaetessa Saussure, 1869 Посилання Вікісховище: Chaeteessa NCBI: 268295 Fossilworks: 265245 Chaeteessa...

 

Eduard Basurin

In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming conventions, the patronymic is Aleksandrovich and the family name is Basurin. Eduard BasurinЭдуард БасуринPress Secretary of the DPR Military CommandIncumbentAssumed office 14 January 2015Preceded byoffice established Personal detailsBorn (1966-06-27) 27 June 1966 (age 57)Donetsk, Ukrainian SSR, USSRMilitary serviceAllegiance Donetsk People's RepublicBranch/service United Armed Forces of NovorossiyaYears of se...

العرب (جريدة)

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع العرب (توضيح). العربAl-Arab (بالغير المعروفة) الشعارمعلومات عامةالنوع جريدة يومية تصدر صباحاتصدر كل 1 يوم[2] بلد المنشأ المملكة المتحدة التأسيس 1977مواقع الويب alarabonline.org alarab.co.uk[2] التحريراللغة العربيةالتوجه السياسي قومية عربية مستقلةالإدارةالمقر

 

Kereta Api Kita-Osaka Kyuko

Kereta Api Kita-Osaka KyūkōKereta seri 8000  milik Kita-Osaka Kyuko (antara Stasiun Momoyamadai dan Senri-Chūō)IkhtisarKantor pusatToyonaka, JepangLokalPrefektur Osaka, JepangTanggal beroperasi1970–TeknisLebar sepur1.435 mm (4 ft 8 1⁄2 in)Panjang jalur5,9 km (3,7 mi)Lain-lainSitus webhttp://www.kita-kyu.co.jp/Kereta Api Kita-Osaka Kyuko (北大阪急行電鉄code: ja is deprecated , Kita Ōsaka Kyūkō Dentetsu, harafiah Kereta Api Ekspres Osaka Utara) (北大阪急行電鉄,...

 

Thomas Partey

Thomas Partey Partey dengan Atlético Madrid pada tahun 2019Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Thomas Teye Partey[1]Tanggal lahir 13 Juni 1993 (umur 30)[2]Tempat lahir Krobo Odumase, GhanaTinggi 185 m (606 ft 11 in)[3]Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini ArsenalNomor 5Karier junior2011–2012 Odometah[4]2012 Leganés2012–2013 Atlético MadridKarier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2013–2015 Atlético Madrid B 28 (3)2013–2014 → ...

Questi pazzi, pazzi italiani

This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources.Find sources: Questi pazzi, pazzi italiani – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2015) 1965 Italian filmQuesti pazzi, pazzi italianiDirected byTullio PiacentiniMusic byFederico ZanniRelease date 1965 (1965) Running time85 minutesCountryItalyL...

 

Зелений союз

Зелений союзVihreä liitto Країна  ФінляндіяГолова партії Марія ОгісалоДата заснування 1987Штаб-квартира Fredrikinkatu 33 A, 3rd floor, ГельсінкіІдеологія зелений рух, соціальний лібералізмКількість членів  8034[1]Офіційний сайт vihreat.fi Зелений союз (фін. Vihreä liitto, (Vihr.); швед. Grö...

 

Kim Jae-yong

Dalam artikel ini, nama keluarganya adalah Kim. Kim Jae YongLahir13 Februari 1994 (umur 29)Goyang, Korea SelatanPekerjaanAktor, model, penyanyiTahun aktif2012–sekarangAgenTriple EntertainmentKarier musikGenreK-popArtis terkaitHALO Kim Jae-yong (lahir 13 Februari 1994) adalah aktor, penyanyi, dan model asal Korea Selatan. Ia adalah mantan anggota HALO. Ia paling dikenal untuk peran pendukungnya dalam The Miracle We Met, Fists of Legend dan Love with Flaws sebagai Joo Seo-joon.[...

Normani

NormaniPenampilan Normani di 93.3 FLZ Jingle Ball, Desember 2019LahirNormani Kordei Hamilton31 Mei 1996 (umur 27)Atlanta, Georgia, Amerika SerikatPekerjaanPenyanyipenariTahun aktif2009–sekarangKota asalNew Orleans, Louisiana, Amerika SerikatHouston, Texas, Amerika SerikatKarier musikGenre R&B pop InstrumenVokalLabel Syco Epic Keep Cool RCA Artis terkaitFifth HarmonySitus webofficialnormani.comTanda tangan Normani Kordei Hamilton (/nɔːrˈmɑːni/ nor-MAH-nee; lahir 31 Me...

 

The Spider Returns

1941 film by James W. Horne The Spider ReturnsTheatrical release poster Chapter 10Directed byJames W. HorneWritten byMorgan CoxLawrence TaylorJohn CuttingHarry L. FraserJesse DuffyGeorge H. PlymptonScreenplay and historybased on the pulp magazine charactercreated byNorvell PageProduced byLarry DarmourStarringWarren HullMary AinsleeDave O'BrienJoseph W. GirardKenne DuncanCorbet HarrisCinematographyJames S. Brown Jr.Edited byDwight CaldwellEarl TurnerMusic byLee ZahlerDistributed byColumbia Pic...

 

Joseph Cornell

American visual artist and film-maker This article is about the artist and sculptor. For the writer, see Joseph Bharat Cornell. This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Joseph CornellCornell in 1971Born(1903-12-24)December 24, 1903Nyack, New York, USDiedDecember 29, 1972(1972-12-29) (ag...

Кабала святош

Для термина «Мольер» см. также другие значения.Кабала святош Жанр пьеса Автор Михаил Булгаков Язык оригинала Русский Дата написания 1929 Текст произведения в Викитеке Цитаты в Викицитатнике «Кабала святош» — пьеса в четырёх действиях М. А. Булгакова, написанная в ...

 

つばめ (列車)

つばめは、鉄道省、日本国有鉄道（国鉄）ならびに九州旅客鉄道（JR九州）による特急列車。 本項では、国鉄およびJRにおいて「つばめ」を名乗った列車について記すとともに、国鉄時代に「つばめ」とほぼ同区間で運転されていた姉妹特急「はと」、および満洲で運転されていた南満洲鉄道（満鉄）の特急「はと」についてもあわせて記述する。 なお、現在JR九州で運...

 

Hengan International

Hengan International Group Company LimitedNative name恆安國際集團有限公司Romanized nameHéng'ān Guójì Jítuán YǒuxiàngōngsīTypePrivately owned companyTraded asSEHK: 1044Hang Seng Index componentIndustryHygiene productsFounded1985; 38 years ago (1985)HeadquartersJinjiang, Fujian, People's Republic of ChinaArea servedChinaKey peopleChairman: Sze Man BokDeputy chairman and CEO: Hui Lin ChitProductssanitary napkins, baby diapers, adult diapersWebsitewww.he...

Oundle railway station

Former railway station in Northamptonshire, England OundleGeneral informationLocationOundle, NorthamptonshireEnglandGrid referenceTL046890Platforms2Other informationStatusDisusedHistoryOriginal companyLondon and Birmingham RailwayPre-groupingLondon and North Western RailwayPost-groupingLondon, Midland and Scottish Railway London Midland Region of British RailwaysKey dates2 June 1845Station opened4 May 1964End of regular timetabled services[1]6 November 1972Definitive closure[2]...

 

William Blake's mythology

Artificial mythology This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: William Blake's mythology – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made an...

 

Virgil Goode

American politician (born 1946) Virgil GoodeMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Virginia's 5th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1997 – January 3, 2009Preceded byLewis PayneSucceeded byTom PerrielloMember of the Virginia Senatefrom the 20th districtIn officeDecember 1973 – January 3, 1997Preceded byWilliam StoneSucceeded byRoscoe Reynolds Personal detailsBornVirgil Hamlin Goode Jr. (1946-10-17) October 17, 1946 (age 77)Richmond, Virginia, U.S.Polit...

Mantharta language

Partly extinct dialect cluster of Western Australia ManthartaRegionWestern AustraliaEthnicityTharrkari, Wariangga, Tenma, Jiwarli, ?MalgaruNative speakers2 Dhargari (2005)[1](1 cited 2007)[2]Language familyPama–Nyungan Kanyara–ManthartaManthartaDialects Dhargari Warriyangga Dhiin Jiwarli Language codesISO 639-3Variously:dhr – Dhargariwri – Warriyanggaiin – Thiindze – DjiwarliGlottologmant1266AIATSIS[1]W21...

 

The Elephant of Surprise

Book by Brent Hartinger This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Elephant of Surprise – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Elephant of Surprise First editionAuthorBrent HartingerCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreG...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!