1865 in Wales

← 1864 1863 1862 1861 1860 1865 in Wales → 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870
Centuries:	17th 18th 19th 20th 21st
Decades:	1840s 1850s 1860s 1870s 1880s
See also:	List of years in Wales Timeline of Welsh history 1865 in The United Kingdom Scotland Elsewhere

This article is about the particular significance of the year 1865 to Wales and its people.

Incumbents

For United Kingdom incumbents, see 1865 in the United Kingdom § Incumbents.

• Lord Lieutenant of Anglesey – Henry Paget, 2nd Marquess of Anglesey^[1][2][3][4]
• Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire – John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins (until 28 September)^[5][6] George Pratt, 2nd Marquess Camden (from 4 November)
• Lord Lieutenant of Caernarvonshire – Sir Richard Williams-Bulkeley, 10th Baronet^[7]
• Lord Lieutenant of Cardiganshire – Edward Pryse^[8]
• Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthenshire – John Campbell, 2nd Earl Cawdor
• Lord Lieutenant of Denbighshire – Robert Myddelton Biddulph^[9]
• Lord Lieutenant of Flintshire – Sir Stephen Glynne, 9th Baronet^[10]
• Lord Lieutenant of Glamorgan – Christopher Rice Mansel Talbot^[11]
• Lord Lieutenant of Merionethshire – Edward Lloyd-Mostyn, 2nd Baron Mostyn^[12]
• Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire – Benjamin Hall, 1st Baron Llanover^[13]
• Lord Lieutenant of Montgomeryshire – Sudeley Hanbury-Tracy, 3rd Baron Sudeley^[14]
• Lord Lieutenant of Pembrokeshire – William Edwardes, 3rd Baron Kensington
• Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire – John Walsh, 1st Baron Ormathwaite^[15][2]
• Bishop of Bangor – James Colquhoun Campbell^[16][17]
• Bishop of Llandaff – Alfred Ollivant^[18][19]
• Bishop of St Asaph – Thomas Vowler Short^[20][21][19]
• Bishop of St Davids – Connop Thirlwall^[22][19][23]

Events

• 5 January — The Festiniog Railway officially opens to passengers, the first narrow gauge railway in the British Isles to do so.^[24]
• 14 January — American Confederate paddle steamer Lelia sinks off the north Wales coast with the loss of eighteen lives.
• 1 February — The Vale of Neath Railway is amalgamated with the Great Western Railway.
• 14 April
  • Opening of the Royal Pier, Aberystwyth, built by Eugenius Birch at a cost of £13,600.
  • Paddle steamer Great Empress collides with Beaumaris Pier.
• May
  • Opening of Talyllyn Railway.^[25]
  • A branch of The Philanthropic Order of True Ivorites Friendly Society is established and registered at Colwinston.^[26]
• 28 May — The Mimosa sets sail with emigrants for Patagonia.^[27]
• 10 June — Opening of Penarth Dock.
• 3 July — Opening of Barmouth Junction on the Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway.
• 28 July — The town of Puerto Madryn and the Patagonian colony is founded by Michael D. Jones.^[28]
• 2 August — The Wales memorial to the late Prince Albert at Tenby, sculpted by John Evan Thomas, is unveiled by Albert and Victoria's 3rd son, 15-year-old Prince Arthur on his first public engagement.^[29]
• 9 September — First of fifteen deaths in the only outbreak of yellow fever ever to occur in Britain, at Swansea.
• 21 October — Opening of Howells (department store) in Cardiff as a drapery.^[30]
• 29 November — Two men die when a coal train falls into the North Dock at Swansea.
• 1 December — Llandrindod Wells is linked to the rail network for the first time.^[31]
• 20 December — Gethin Pit disaster, Abercanaid: the second of two firedamp explosions at this colliery near Merthyr Tydfil kills 34 miners.^[32]
• Francis Kilvert becomes curate of Clyro in Radnorshire.
• Sale of the Pwyllycrochan estate, leading to the development of Colwyn Bay.
• John Crichton-Stuart, Marquess of Bute, meets architect and designer William Burges.
• Robert Jones Derfel retires from the ministry and sets up a Welsh bookshop and press in Manchester.

Arts and literature

Awards

• National Eisteddfod of Wales is held at Aberystwyth. The chair is won by Lewis William Lewis (Llew Llwyfo).

New books

• Morris Davies — Cofiant Ann Griffiths
• John Evans (I. D. Ffraid) — Coll Gwynfa (translation of Milton's Paradise Lost)
• John Ceiriog Hughes — Y Bardd a'r Cerddor^[33]
• John Jones (Mathetes) — Pregeth i Fyfyrwyr Coleg Hwlffordd ...
• John Thomas (Ifor Cwmgwys) — Diferion Meddyliol^[34]

Music

• Thomas Gruffydd Jones (Tafalaw Bencerdd) — Gwarchae Harlech (cantata)

Sport

• Cricket
  • 17 July — South Wales Cricket Club travels to Gravesend to play the Gentlemen of Kent.
  • August — Morriston Cricket Club is founded.

Births

• 2 February — Henry Davies, cricketer (died 1934)
• 28 February — Arthur Symons, poet and critic (died 1945)^[35]
• 7 March — Martyn Jordan, Wales international rugby player (died 1902)
• 30 April — Max Nettlau, German historian and Welsh learner (died 1944)
• 3 June — Prince George, second son of the Prince and Princess of Wales and himself Prince of Wales 1901–1910 (later King George V of the United Kingdom; died 1936)
• 6 August — Lewis Cobden Thomas, Wales international rugby player (died 1928)
• 22 August — Stephen Thomas Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
• 8 September — David Williams, Swansea politician (died 1941)
• 23 September — William Brace, politician (died 1947)^[36]
• 20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)^[37]
• 26 October — Hugh Ingledew, Wales international rugby player (died 1937)
• October — Jack Doughty, footballer (died 1937)
• 16 December — George Rowles, footballer (died 1922)
• December — Richard Bagnall-Oakeley, Olympic archer (died 1947)
• date unknown
  • Dickie Garrett, rugby player (died 1908)
  • Albert Hybart, rugby player (died 1945)
  • George Owen, footballer (died 1922)
  • Robert Roberts, footballer (died 1945)

Deaths

• 21 February — Stapleton Cotton, military leader, 91^[38]
• 26 April — William Williams, MP, 77^[39]
• 29 April — Thomas Evans (Telynog), poet, 24^[40]
• 18 June — William Parker Foulke, Welsh-descended American geologist, 49
• 10 August — Hugh Pugh, mariner, 71^[41]
• 28 September — John Lloyd Vaughan Watkins, politician, Lord Lieutenant of Brecknockshire, 63^[5]
• 20 November — Rees Howell Gronow, soldier, politician and memoirist, 70^[42]

See also

• 1865 in Ireland

References

1. Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 24.
2. J.C. Sainty (1979). List of Lieutenants of Counties of England and Wales 1660-1974. London: Swift Printers (Sales) Ltd.
3. Nicholas, Thomas (1991). Annals and antiquities of the counties and county families of Wales. Baltimore: Genealogical Pub. Co. p. 695. ISBN 9780806313146.
4. Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru. University of Wales Press. 1992. p. 169.
5. "Editorial". Welshman. 6 October 1865. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
6. Edwin Poole (1886). The Illustrated History and Biography of Brecknockshire from the Earliest Times to the Present Day: Containing the General History, Antiquities, Sepulchral Monuments and Inscriptions. Edwin Poole. p. 378.
7. Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 26.
8. Thomas John Hughes (1887). The Welsh magistracy, by Adfyfr. South Wales and Monmouthshire Liberal Federation Offices. p. 5.
9. "Myddelton Biddulph, Robert (1805-1872), of Chirk Castle, Denb. and 35 Grosvenor Place, Mdx". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 5 December 2021.
10. "Glynne, Sir Stephen Richard, 9th bt. (1807-1874), of Hawarden Castle, Flint". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 16 January 2022.
11. "TALBOT, Christopher Rice Mansel (1803-1890), of Penrice Castle and Margam Park, Glam". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
12. Edward Breese (1873). Kalendars of Gwynedd; or, Chronological lists of lords-lieutenant [&c.] ... for the counties of Anglesey, Caernarvon, and Merioneth. p. 29.
13. "Past Lord Lieutenants". Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
14. Herbert Arthur Doubleday; George Cokayne (1953). The Complete Peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom: Extant, Extinct, Or Dormant. St. Catherine Press, Limited. p. 423.
15. Jonathan Williams (1859). The History of Radnorshire. R. Mason. p. 115.
16. Fryde, E. B. (1996). Handbook of British chronology. Cambridge England: New York Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780521563505.
17. Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 305.
18. Frederick Arthur Crisp; Joseph Jackson Howard (1898). Visitation of England and Wales. p. 15.
19. Thomas Duffus Hardy (1854). Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae: Or A Calendar of the Principal Ecclesiastical Dignitaries in England and Wales... University Press. p. 307.
20. Nicholas Harris Nicolas (1857). The historic peerage of England: Revised, corrected, and continued ... by William Courthope. John Murray. p. 533.
21. The Apostolical Succession in the Church of England. James Parkes and Company. 1866. p. 15.
22. Old Yorkshire, volume 3. 1882. p. 90.
23. The Monthly Review Or Literary Journal Enlarged. Porter. 1780. p. 95.
24. Johnson, Peter (2007). An Illustrated History of the Festiniog Railway 1832–1954. Hersham: Oxford Publishing Co. ISBN 978-0-86093-603-9.
25. Boyd, J. I. C. (1988). The Tal-y-Llyn Railway. Didcot: Wild Swan Publications. p. 45. ISBN 0-906867-46-0.
26. "County Treasures" (PDF). Vale of Glamorgan Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2012.
27. Wilkinson, Susan (September 1998). "Welsh immigrants in Patagonia: Mimosa, the old ship that sailed into history". Buenos Aires Herald. Archived from the original on 5 March 2007. Retrieved 26 November 2010.
28. Williams, R. Bryn (2000). The Welsh colony in Patagonia 1865–2000. Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch. ISBN 0-86381-653-3.
29. Jones, Peter Ellis (2011). "The Wales memorial to Prince Albert in Tenby". Pembrokeshire: The Journal of the Pembrokeshire Historical Society. 20: 53–60.
30. Finch, Peter (2004). Real Cardiff. Volume 2: The Greater City. Seren. pp. 50, 83. ISBN 1-85411-384-4.
31. Quick, Michael (2009). Railway Passenger Stations in Great Britain: a Chronology (4th ed.). Oxford: Railway and Canal Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-901461-57-5.
32. Gethin Pit Disaster 1865 Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine pp. 41–44.
33. Celtic Culture: A-Celti. ABC-CLIO. 2006. p. 940. ISBN 978-1-85109-440-0.
34. Y Bywgraffiadur Cymreig hyd 1940. Paratowyd dan nawdd Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion (in Welsh). Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion. 1953. p. 1064.
35.  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Symons, Arthur". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 287.
36. Griffith Milwyn Griffiths. "Brace, William (1865-1947), miners' leader and M.P." Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
37. Mary Auronwy James (2001). "Rhys-Williams, Sir Rhys (1865-1955), first Baronet created 1918, and a judge". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 15 February 2022.
38. Robert Thomas Jenkins. "Cotton, Sir Stapleton (1773-1865), 6th baronet, afterwards 1st viscount Combermere, field-marshal". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
39. David Williams. "Williams, William (1788-1865), Member of Parliament". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
40. Walter Thomas Morgan. "Evans, Thomas (Telynog; 1840-1865), poet". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
41. David Thomas. "Pugh, Hugh (1794/5-1865), master mariner". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
42. Robert Thomas Jenkins. "Gronow, Rees Howell (1794-1865), writer of memoirs". Dictionary of Welsh Biography. National Library of Wales. Retrieved 8 August 2019.